宾语从句Word格式文档下载.docx
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宾语从句Word格式文档下载.docx
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3)名词性从句包括表语从句、同位语从句、宾语从句、主语从句等。
a)主语从句句子作主语
Hisjobisimportant.Whathedoesisveryimportant.
b)表语从句句子作表语
Thisishisjob.Thisiswhathedoeseveryday.
c)同位语从句句子作同位语
Thenewsisveryexciting.Wewonthegame.
Thenewsthatwewonthegameisveryexciting.
定语从句
一、定义:
置于动词、介词等词后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。
a)谓语动词、介词、动词不定式、v-ing均可接宾语从句。
b)有些形容词如afraid、sure、glad之后也可接宾语从句。
二、引导词
引导词包括:
连词:
that(可省略)、whether\if
连接代词:
who、whose、what、which
连接副词:
when、how、why
1.陈述句转化成宾语从句时,引导词用that,that无义,且在句子中不作句子成分。
Iknowhim.Heisateacher.
Iknow(that)heisateacher.
Theteachertoldus.Theearthmovesaroundthesun.
Theteachertoldus(that)theearthmovesaroundthesun.
通常情况下,that可以省略,但是下列情况that不可以省略。
a.如果that引导的是几个表示并列关系的宾语从句时,最后一个that不能够省略。
e.g.Iknow(that)TomcomesfromFrenchandthatheteachesinGuilinnow.
b.主从句中间有插入语时,that不宜省略。
e.g.itsayshere,onthiscard,thatmenuseditinplays.
2.一般疑问句变成宾语从句时,由whether和if引导,译为“是否”,不能够省略。
一般疑问句作宾语从时,语序需改成陈述语序。
Whether和if引导的宾语从句常在ask、wonder、can\couldyoutellme、let`ssee等后面.
Isthereabankbesidethestore?
Iwonder.
Iwonderwhether/ifthereisabankbesidethestore?
CouldIpasstheexam?
Couldyoutellme?
Couldyoutellmewhether/ifIcouldpasstheexam?
Couldyoufindoutsomethinguseful?
Heasked.
Heaskedwhether/ifIcouldfindoutsomethinguseful.
注意只能用whether不能用if的情况:
a.在介词的后面。
I`mthinkingofwhetherweshouldgofishing.
Weareworriedaboutwhetheritwillraintomorrow.
b.在动词不定式的前面。
Theyaskedmewhethertogoshopping.
c.当与ornot连用或者提出两种选择时。
Idon`tknowwhetherheisfreeornot.
Tellmewhetheryouwouldliketogoshoppingorcleantheroom.
d.宾语从句如果是否定句,只用whether不用if。
Idon`tcarewhetheritdoesn`train.
练一练用适当的连词(that、whether、if)填空。
1.Iaskedher()shehadabike.
2.We`reworriedabout()heissafe.
3.Iwonder()heiswell.
4.Idon`tknow()heiswellornot.
5.Idon`tknow()togo.
6.Idon`tknow()toacceptorrefuse.
7.Wehaven`tdecided()togothere.
8.Myteachersaid()Iwasagoodboy.
9.Iamsure()hewillsucceed.
10.Iknow()sheisateacherand()sheisfromAustralia.
11.Doyouknow()Kategetsupearly.
12.Itdependson()itisgoingrain.
13.Letmeknow()youcancomeornot.
3.特殊疑问句变成宾语从句时,原句的特殊疑问词在从句中作引导词,成为连接代词(what、who、whose、which)和连接副词的(when、where、how、why)。
特殊疑问句作宾语从句时,需要将原来的语序改成陈述语序。
a.Wheredoyoulive?
Heasked.
HeaskedwhereIlived.
b.Howcantheygettothepostoffice?
Heaskedhowtheycouldgettothepostoffice.
c.Whosebookwasthat?
Mr.Wangasked.
Mr.WangaskedWhosebookthatwas?
d.Whenshouldwemeetagain?
Hedidn`ttellme.
Hedidn`ttellmewhenweshouldmeetagain.
e.Whowillteachus?
Iwonderwhowillteachus.
f.Whatdoyourfatherdo?
Myteacheraskedme.
Myteacheraskedmewhatyourfatherdid.
带how的词组也可以引导宾语从句:
g.HowmuchdoesitcosttoflytoHainan?
Couldyoutellme.
CouldyoutellmehowmuchitcoststoflytoHainan.
h.Howoldisyourbrother?
Iwanttoknow.
Iwanttoknowhowoldyourbrotheris.
此外,还有howoften|、howlong、howfar、howmany、howsoon.
练一练用适当的how词组填空。
1.Pleasetellme()youwillbeready.
2.Pleasetellus()studentsthereareinyourschool?
3.Couldyoutellus()youvisityourgrandmotherinamonth.
4.Iwanttoknow()themeetingwilllast.
5.Idon`tknow()itistothecinemafromhere。
三、语序
宾语从句的语序用陈述语序:
连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分
1.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?
Heasks.
Heaskswhenwillhegotothelibrary?
(F)
主语谓语其他
Heaskswhenhewillgotothelibrary?
c
主句从句
2.Whatdoeshewanttobuy?
Idon`tknow.
Idon`tknowwhatdoeshewanttobuy?
Idon`tknowwhathewantstobuy?
(T)
练一练句子改写:
将简单句改写成宾语从句。
1.Whoarewegoingtomeet?
Canyoutellme?
2.DoesheknowFrench?
3.WilltheygototheCanadainsummer?
Theyarenotsure.
4.Iwonder…whereshouldwegonext?
5.Doyouknow…Whydoeshestayupsolate?
6.HowcanIgettothestation?
当宾语从句的原句为以下句子时,句子语序不变。
What`swrong?
What`sthematter?
What`shappening?
等。
四、时态
1.如果主句是现在时态(包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时等)从句的时态可根据实际的情况而定。
Jimwenttoworkanhourago.Jimwenttoworkanhourago.
HeisinterestedinEnglish.宾语从句HeisinterestedinEnglish.
原句Shewillcometomorrow.IhearthatShewillcometomorrow.
TomhasbeentoLondontwice.TomhasbeentoLondontwice
2.如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态,宾语从句通常也要用过去的某种时态。
HeisinterestedinEnglish.宾语从句HewasinterestedinEnglish.
原句Shewillcometomorrow.HesaidthatShewouldcometomorrow.
TomhasbeentoLondontwice.TomhadbeentoLondontwice.
3.当宾语从句表示的是客观真理时,宾语从句的时态不受主句时态的限制,仍旧一般现在时。
Hetoldmethattheearthmovesaroundthesun.
Hetoldmethatsummerisafterspring.
Theteachertoldusthesunrisesintheeast.
注意:
could/would表示的是委婉语气,不是过去时,因此从句时态根据不同的情况用不同的时态。
e.g.couldyoupleasetellmewhereweshowourtickets?
Wouldyouliketoknowwhenhewillcomeback?
a.TheseflowersarefromGuangdong.Hesaid.
b.Lighttravelsfasterthansound.Myteachertoldme.
c.CantheyspeakFrench?
Iwanttoknow.
d.Howmanypeoplecanyouseeinthepicture.Whoknows?
e.Wheredidsheparkhercar?
Doyouknow?
五、总结
宾that(陈述句,无义,可省略)
语引导词if/whether(一般疑问句)
从特殊疑问词(特殊疑问句)
句主句为现在时态,从句可为任何时态。
三时态主句为过去时态,从句为过去的某种时态。
要客观真理,时态不变。
素语序宾语从句的语序要用陈述语序。
六、经典例题
1.Theteacherasksus()Jimcancomebackontime.
A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattime
2.Doesanyoneknow()wewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekendornot.
A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.that
3.Letmetellyou.
A.howmuchisthecar.B.howmuchdoesthecarcost.C.howmuchdidIpayforthecar.D.howmuchIspentonthecar
4.Pleasetellme().
A.Whatdoeshelike.B.Whathedoeslike.C.Whathelikes.D.Whathelike.
Findoutthemistakesandcorrect.
a.Couldyoutellmewheredotheylive.
b.SheknewthatDannyisastudent.
c.Hetoldmethatwinterwasafterautumn.
d.Doyouknowwhocaritis.
Choosetherightanswer.
1.Couldyoutellmehowlong()thebook?
AIcankeepB.canIborrowC.Icanborrow.D.canIkeep
2.Iwanttoknow()yesterday?
A.whydidyoucomelateB.whyyoucamelateC.whydoyoucomelateD.whyyoucomelate
3.Couldyoutellme()tomorrowmorning?
--well,itwillstartat9:
00.
A.Whenthemeetingwillstart
B.Wherewillthemeetingstart
C.Wherethemeetingstart
D.Whenwillthemeetingstart
4.Canyoutellme()?
A.Whatwillwedo
B.Wewilldowhat
C.Whatwewilldo
D.Willwedowhat
5.Doyouknow()forshanghailastnight?
--At9:
A.Whattimeheleaves
B.Whattimedoesheleave
C.Whattimeheleft
D.Whattimedidheleave
Translate
a)我想知道你喜欢什么颜色。
b)你能告诉我你住哪吗?
c)玛丽想知道你能否帮助她?
d)Danny说他明天出发去上海。
e)我想汤姆已经完成作业了。
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