考研英语一真题及答案原题+答案+详解之欧阳育创编Word下载.docx
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考研英语一真题及答案原题+答案+详解之欧阳育创编Word下载.docx
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_____(4),whydowetrustatall?
Well,becauseitfeelsgood._____(5)peopleplacetheirtrustinanindividualoraninstitution,theirbrainsreleaseoxytocin,ahormonethat_____(6)pleasurablefeelingsandtriggerstheherdinginstructthat
leadssheeptoflocktogetherforsafetyand
promptshumansto_____(7)withoneanother.
Swiss
Scientistshavefoundthatexposure_____(8)thishormoneputsusinatrusting_____(9):
Inastudy,researcherssprayedoxytocinintothenosesofhalfthesubjects;
thosesubjectswerereadytolendsignificantlyhigheramountsofmoneytostrangersthanweretheir_____(10)whoinhaledsomethingelse.
_____(11)forus,wealsohaveasixthsensefordishonestythatmay_____(12)us.ACanadianstudyfoundthatchildrenasyoungas14monthscandifferentiate_____(13)acrediblepersonandadishonestone.Sixtytoddlerswereeach_____(14)toanadulttesterholdingaplasticcontainer.Thetesterwouldask,“What'
sinhere?
”beforelookingintothecontainer,smiling,andexclaiming,“Wow!
”Eachsubjectwastheninvitedtolook_____(15).Halfofthemfoundatoy;
theotherhalf_____(16)thecontainerwasempty-andrealizedthetesterhad_____(17)them.
Amongthechildrenwhohadnotbeentricked,themajoritywere_____(18)tocooperatewiththetesterinlearninganewskill,demonstratingthattheytrustedhisleadership._____(19),onlyfiveofthe30childrenpairedwiththe"
_____(20)"
testerparticipatedinafollow-upactivity.
1.A.onB.likeC.forD.from
2.A.faithB.concernC.attentionD.interest
3.A.benefitB.debtC.hopeD.price
4.A.ThereforeB.ThenC.InsteadD.Again
5.A.UntilB.UnlessC.Although
D.When
6.A.selectsB.producesC.appliesD.maintains
7.A.consultB.competeC.connectD.compare
8.A.atB.byC.of
D.to
9.A.contextB.moodC.periodD.circle
10.A.counterpartsB.substitutesC.colleaguesD.supporters
11.A.FunnyB.LuckyC.OddD.Ironic
12.A.monitorB.protectC.surpriseD.delight
13.A.betweenB.withinC.towardD.over
14.A.transferredB.addedC.introducedD.entrusted
15.A.outB.backC.aroundD.inside
16.A.discoveredB.provedC.insistedD.remembered
17.A.betrayedB.wrongedC.fooledD.mocked
18.A.forcedB.willingC.hesitantD.entitled
19.A.IncontrastB.AsaresultC.OnthewholeD.Forinstance
20.A.inflexibleB.incapableC.unreliableD.unsuitable
SectionⅡReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.
(40points)
Text1
Amongtheannoyingchallengesfacingthemiddleclassisonethatwillprobablygounmentionedinthenextpresidentialcampaign:
Whathappenswhentherobotscomefortheirjobs?
Don'
tdismissthatpossibilityentirely.AbouthalfofU.S.jobsareathighriskofbeingautomated,accordingtoaUniversityofOxfordstudy,withthemiddleclassdisproportionatelysqueezed.Lower-incomejobslikegardeningordaycaredon'
tappealtorobots.Butmanymiddle-classoccupations-trucking,financialadvice,softwareengineering—havearousedtheirinterest,orsoonwill.Therichowntherobots,sotheywillbefine.
Thisisn'
ttobealarmist.Optimistspointoutthattechnologicalupheavalhasbenefitedworkersinthepast.TheIndustrialRevolutiondidn'
tgosowellforLudditeswhosejobsweredisplacedbymechanizedlooms,butiteventuallyraisedlivingstandardsandcreatedmorejobsthanitdestroyed.Likewise,automationshouldeventuallyboostproductivity,stimulatedemandbydrivingdownprices,andfreeworkersfromhard,boringwork.Butinthemediumterm,middle-classworkersmayneedalotofhelpadjusting.
Thefirststep,asErikBrynjolfssonandAndrewMcAfeeargueinTheSecondMachineAge,shouldberethinkingeducationandjobtraining.Curriculums—fromgrammarschooltocollege-shouldevolvetofocuslessonmemorizingfactsandmoreoncreativityandcomplexcommunication.Vocationalschoolsshoulddoabetterjoboffosteringproblem-solvingskillsandhelpingstudentsworkalongsiderobots.Onlineeducationcansupplementthetraditionalkind.Itcouldmakeextratrainingandinstructionaffordable.Professionalstryingtoacquirenewskillswillbeabletodosowithoutgoingintodebt.
ThechallengeofcopingwithautomationunderlinestheneedfortheU.S.toreviveitsfadingbusinessdynamism:
Startingnewcompaniesmustbemadeeasier.Inpreviouserasofdrastictechnologicalchange,entrepreneurssmoothedthetransitionbydreamingupwaystocombinelaborandmachines.Thebestusesof3Dprintersandvirtualrealityhaven'
tbeeninventedyet.TheU.S.needsthenewcompaniesthatwillinventthem.
Finally,becauseautomationthreatenstowidenthegapbetweencapitalincomeandlaborincome,taxesandthesafetynetwillhavetoberethought.Taxesonlow-wagelaborneedtobecut,andwagesubsidiessuchastheearnedincometaxcreditshouldbeexpanded:
Thiswouldboostincomes,encouragework,rewardcompaniesforjobcreation,andreduceinequality.
Technologywillimprovesocietyinwaysbigandsmalloverthenextfewyears,yetthiswillbelittlecomforttothosewhofindtheirlivesandcareersupendedbyautomation.Destroyingthemachinesthatarecomingforourjobswouldbenuts.Butpoliciestohelpworkersadaptwillbeindispensable.
21.【题干】Whowillbemostthreatenedbyautomation?
A.Leadingpoliticians.
B.Low-wagelaborers.
C.Robotowners.
D.Middle-classworkers.
22.
【题干】Whichofthefollowingbestrepresenttheauthor'
sview?
A.Worriesaboutautomationareinfactgroundless.
B.Optimists'
opinionsonnewtechfindlittlesupport.
C.Issuesarisingfromautomationneedtobetackled
D.Negativeconsequencesofnewtechcanbeavoided
23.【题干】Educationintheageofautomationshouldputmoreemphasison_____.
A.creativepotential.
B.job-huntingskills.
C.individualneeds.
D.cooperativespirit.
24.【题干】Theauthorsuggeststhattaxpoliciesbeaimedat_____.
A.encouragingthedevelopmentofautomation.
B.increasingthereturnoncapitalinvestment.
C.easingthehostilitybetweenrichandpoor.
D.preventingtheincomegapfromwidening.
25.
【题干】Inthistext,theauthorpresentsaproblemwith_____.
A.pposingviewsonit.
B.possiblesolutionstoit.
C.itsalarmingimpacts.
D.itsmajorvariations.
Text2
AnewsurveybyHarvardUniversityfindsmorethantwo-thirdsofyoungAmericansdisapproveofPresidentTrump'
suseofTwitter.TheimplicationisthatMillennialsprefernewsfromtheWhiteHousetobefilteredthroughothersource,Notapresident'
ssocialmediaplatform.
MostAmericansrelyonsocialmediatocheckdailyheadlines.Yetasdistrusthasrisentowardallmedia,peoplemaybestartingtobeefuptheirmedialiteracyskills.Suchatrendisbadlyneeded.Duringthe2016presidentialcampaign,nearlyaquarterofwebcontentsharedbyTwitterusersinthepoliticallycriticalstateofMichiganwasfakenews,accordingtotheUniversityofOxford.AndasurveyconductedforBuzzFeedNewsfound44percentofFacebookusersrarelyornevertrustnewsfromthemediagiant.
Youngpeoplewhoaredigitalnativesareindeedbecomingmoreskillfulatseparatingfactfromfictionincyberspace.AKnightFoundationfocus-groupsurveyofyoungpeoplebetweenages14and24foundtheyuse“distributedtrust”toverifystories.Theycross-checksourcesandprefernewsfromdifferentperspectives—especiallythosethatareopenaboutanybias.“Manyyoungpeopleassumeagreatdealofpersonalresponsibilityforeducatingthemselvesandactivelyseekingoutopposingviewpoints,”thesurveyconcluded.
Suchactiveresearchcanhaveanothereffect.A2014surveyconductedinAustralia,Britain,andtheUnitedStatesbytheUniversityofWisconsin-Madisonfoundthatyoungpeople'
srelianceonsocialmedialedtogreaterpoliticalengagement.
Socialmediaallowsuserstoexperiencenewseventsmoreintimatelyandimmediatelywhilealsopermittingthemtore-sharenewsasaprojectionoftheirvaluesandinterests.Thisforcesuserstobemoreconsciousoftheirroleinpassingalonginformation.AsurveybyBarnaresearchgroupfoundthetopreasongivenbyAmericansforthefakenewsphenomenonis“readererror,”moresothanmade-upstoriesorfactualmistakesinreporting.Aboutathirdsaytheproblemoffakenewsliesin“misinterpretationorexaggerationofactualnews”viasocialmedia.Inotherwords,thechoicetosharenewsonsocialmediamaybetheheartoftheissue.“Thisindicatesthereisarealpersonalresponsibilityincounteractingthisproblem,”saysRoxanneStone,editorinchiefatBarnaGroup.
Sowhenyoungpeoplearecriticalofanover-tweetingpresident,theyrevealamentaldisciplineinthinkingskills–andintheirchoicesonwhentoshareonsocialmedia.
26.【题干】AccordingtotheParagraphs1and2,manyyoungAmericanscastdoubtson
【选项】
A.thejustificationofthenews-filteringpractice.
B.people'
spreferenceforsocialmediaplatforms.
C.theadministrationsabilitytohandleinformation.
D.socialmediawasareliablesourceofnews.
27.【题干】Thephrase“beerup”(Line2,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto
【选项】A
A.sharpen
B.define
C.boast
D.share
28.【题干】Accordingtotheknightfoundationsurvey,youngpeople
A.tendtovoi
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