雅思雅思阅读考题回顾汇总文档格式.docx
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雅思雅思阅读考题回顾汇总文档格式.docx
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HowToSpotALiar
Questiontypes:
TRUE/FALSE/NOTGIVEN;
MultipleChoice;
Matching
文章内容回顾
关于如何辨别说谎
英文相关原文阅读
Howevermuchwemayabhorit,deceptioncomesnaturallytoalllivingthings.Birdsdoitbyfeigninginjurytoleadhungrypredatorsawayfromnestingyoung.Spidercrabsdoitbydisguise:
adorningthemselveswithstripsofkelpandotherdebris,theypretendtobesomethingtheyarenot--andsoescapetheirenemies.Natureamplyrewardssuccessfuldeceiversbyallowingthemtosurvivelongenoughtomateandreproduce.Soitmaycomeasnosurprisetolearnthathumanbeings--who,accordingtopsychologistGeraldJellisonoftheUniversityofSouthCalifornia,areliedtoabout200timesaday,roughlyoneuntrutheveryfiveminutes--oftendeceiveforexactlythesamereasons:
tosavetheirownskinsortogetsomethingtheycan'
tgetbyothermeans.
Butknowinghowtocatchdeceitcanbejustasimportantasurvivalskillasknowinghowtotellalieandgetawaywithit.Apersonabletospotfalsehoodquicklyisunlikelytobeswindledbyanunscrupulousbusinessassociateorhoodwinkedbyadeviousspouse.Luckily,natureprovidesmorethanenoughcluestotrapdissemblersintheirowntangledwebs--ifyouknowwheretolook.Bycloselyobservingfacialexpressions,bodylanguageandtoneofvoice,practicallyanyonecanrecognizethetelltalesignsoflying.Researchersareevenprogrammingcomputers--likethoseusedonLieDetector--togetatthetruthbyanalyzingthesamephysicalcuesavailabletothenakedeyeandear."
Withthepropertraining,manypeoplecanlearntoreliablydetectlies,"
saysPaulEkman,professorofpsychologyattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco,whohasspentthepast15yearsstudyingthesecretartofdeception.
Inordertoknowwhatkindofliesworkbest,successfulliarsneedtoaccuratelyassessotherpeople'
semotionalstates.Ekman'
sresearchshowsthatthissameemotionalintelligenceisessentialforgoodliedetectors,too.Theemotionalstatetowatchoutforisstress,theconflictmostliarsfeelbetweenthetruthandwhattheyactuallysayanddo.
Evenhigh-techliedetectorsdon'
tdetectliesassuch;
theymerelydetectthephysicalcuesofemotions,whichmayormaynotcorrespondtowhatthepersonbeingtestedissaying.Polygraphs,forinstance,measurerespiration,heartrateandskinconductivity,whichtendtoincreasewhenpeoplearenervous--astheyusuallyarewhenlying.Nervouspeopletypicallyperspire,andthesaltscontainedinperspirationconductelectricity.That'
swhyasuddenleapinskinconductivityindicatesnervousness--aboutgettingcaught,perhaps?
--whichmight,inturn,suggestthatsomeoneisbeingeconomicalwiththetruth.Ontheotherhand,itmightalsomeanthatthelightsinthetelevisionstudioaretoohot--whichisonereasonpolygraphtestsareinadmissibleincourt."
Goodliedetectorsdon'
trelyonasinglesign,"
Ekmansays,"
butinterpretclustersofverbalandnonverbalcluesthatsuggestsomeonemightbelying."
Thosecluesarewrittenallovertheface.Becausethemusculatureofthefaceisdirectlyconnectedtotheareasofthebrainthatprocessemotion,thecountenancecanbeawindowtothesoul.Neurologicalstudiesevensuggestthatgenuineemotionstraveldifferentpathwaysthroughthebrainthaninsincereones.Ifapatientparalyzedbystrokeononesideoftheface,forexample,isaskedtosmiledeliberately,onlythemobilesideofthemouthisraised.Buttellthatsamepersonafunnyjoke,andthepatientbreaksintoafullandspontaneoussmile.Veryfewpeople--mostnotably,actorsandpoliticians--areabletoconsciouslycontrolalloftheirfacialexpressions.Liescanoftenbecaughtwhentheliar'
struefeelingsbrieflyleakthroughthemaskofdeception."
Wedon'
tthinkbeforewefeel,"
Ekmansays."
Expressionstendtoshowuponthefacebeforewe'
reevenconsciousofexperiencinganemotion."
Oneofthemostdifficultfacialexpressionstofake--orconceal,ifitisgenuinelyfelt--issadness.Whensomeoneistrulysad,theforeheadwrinkleswithgriefandtheinnercornersoftheeyebrowsarepulledup.Fewerthan15%ofthepeopleEkmantestedwereabletoproducethiseyebrowmovementvoluntarily.Bycontrast,theloweringoftheeyebrowsassociatedwithanangryscowlcanbereplicatedatwillbyalmosteverybody."
Ifsomeoneclaimstheyaresadandtheinnercornersoftheireyebrowsdon'
tgoup,"
thesadnessisprobablyfalse."
Thesmile,ontheotherhand,isoneoftheeasiestfacialexpressionstocounterfeit.Ittakesjusttwomuscles--thezygomaticusmajormusclesthatextendfromthecheekbonestothecornersofthelips--toproduceagrin.Butthere'
sacatch.Agenuinesmileaffectsnotonlythecornersofthelipsbutalsotheorbicularisoculi,themusclearoundtheeyethatproducesthedistinctive"
crow'
s-feet"
associatedwithpeoplewholaughalot.Acounterfeitgrincanbeunmaskedifthelipcornersgoup,theeyescrinklebuttheinnercornersoftheeyebrowsarenotlowered,amovementcontrolledbytheorbicularisoculithatisdifficulttofake.Theabsenceofloweredeyebrowsisonereasonwhyfalsesmileslooksostrainedandstiff.
题型难度分析
相对简单
题型技巧分析
是非无判断题是雅思考试阅读的经典题型
首先应该注意看清是TRUE还是YES,本篇是TRUE/FALSE/NOTGIVEN
解题步骤:
1.速读问题的句子,找出考点词(容易有问题的部分)。
考点词:
比较级,最高级,数据(时间),程度副词,特殊形容词,绝对化的词(only,most,each,any,every,thesameas等)
2.排除考点词,在余下的词中找定位词,去原文定位。
3.重点考察考点词是否有提及,是否正确。
TRUE的原则是同义替换,至少有一组近义词。
FALSE是题目和原文截然相反,不可共存,通常有至少一组反义词。
NOTGIVEN是原文未提及,不做任何推断,尤其多考察题目的主语等名词在原文中是否有提及。
剑桥雅思推荐原文练习
剑4Test1Passage1
剑5Test3Passage1
ReadingPassage2
AnAncientCity-Tritis
Matching;
SentenceCompletion;
MultipleChoices
古代的一个建筑,考古研究某遗址,对其城市发展建设、生活之类的发现说明。
EverybodyknewaboutLourdesMaryCave,wecanfinditinFrance.AndthisMaryCavebecameaninspirationtomanycountriesandcities.LikewisewhenwevisitedJogja.WefoundsomeMaryCavestoo.OneofthemisTritisCave.ThiscavetoutedasTheMostExoticMaryCave.
TritisCavesituatedatWonosari,southernofJogja.PriceslylocatedatthehillofMountainsSeribu,DusunBulu,KabupatenGunungKidul,Wonosari.Toreachthisplacewetaketimeabout1.5hoursor50kilometersfromcitycenter.Looksfarandtakealongtime,hmmm.Idon'
tthinkso.Becausewecanseebeautifullandscapealongtheway.Andwewillnotbebored.
First,thiscavenamedTritisSingkilCave.Thisplaceknownasghostlikeplacebecausethiscaveisveryquietandfarfrompeoplesroutine.So,manypeopleusedthisplaceforhermitage.Andthenachildfoundthiscaveandhetrytotellthechurchpastor.BylocalpeoplesthisplaceusedtocelebrateChristmasMassforlocalCatholic.Afterthattheterribleimpressionofthiscavegraduallydisappeared.NowthiscavefamousasTritisCaveandmanyCatholicscameheretopraying.UsuallymanyofthemcametothisplaceatMayorOctoberbecausebothofthismonthknownasmonthofMary.
Noteasytoarrivethiscave.Fromparkingareaweneedtotake2kilometersforthedistancebywalking.Traversedbyawindingroadandthevehiclecannotbeskipped.Onthewaywe'
llfindchildrenorlocalpeoplethatgivethedirectionsothatwecanreachthecavefasterandsafer.Beforethevisitorreachthecaveusuallytheyperformthecrossroad.Thereare14stationsthatmustbepassedfirst.ArrivingattheMountofGolgotha,wecanseeasituationsimilartotheoriginal.TherearethreelargecrosswhereJesuswascrucifiedwithBarnabas.
TritiswordtakenfromJavalanguageit'
smeanwaterdroplets.Thewaterdropletsatthecavecamesfromcaveceiling.Thiscavestilllooksnaturalanddecoratedwithstalactiteandstalagmitethat'
swhyitlooksexotic.ManypeopleinterpretthewaterdropletswithGodblessingthatdowntothevisitor.Andthewaterbecamethesymbolofhumanlifewhathumanexistenceshouldbeaccepted.ThatisthespiritofsimplicityofTritisCave.
Besidesthatthevisitorsbeliefthatthewatercanhealvariousdiseases.Soafterprayingtheytakethewatertosomebottlesandbringithome.Futhermorethiswaterbecameaspecialblessingforresidentsaround.Becausesurroundingnaturalconditionwasbarrenandlocalpeopleuseditfordailynecessities.
Matching较难
SentenceCompletion题型做题步骤:
1.审题,看清楚字数要求,一般是NOMORETHANTWO/THREEWORDS
2.读题目,划出定位词,特殊优先。
3.预测所填内容,比如所填内容为名词、动词,还是形容词,预测的越详细越好。
4.根据定位词去文章中找答案。
剑3Test4Passage1
ReadingPassage3
SunsetfortheOilBusiness
Diagram;
石油方面不同人的不同观点,关于石油产业走上坡路还是下坡路。
Theworldisabouttorunoutofoil.Orperhapsnot.Itdependswhomyoubelieve…
IFYOUthinkOPECministersareaconspiratorialcabal,yououghttomeettheOilDepletionAnalysisCentre(ODAC).Thiscolourfulgroupisconvincedthattheworldisperilouslyclosetoanoilshockinducedbyscarcity,notpolitics.SeveraldozenofitsmembersgottogetherrecentlyinanauditoriumatImperialCollege,London,forapeculiarplanningsession.
Leadinglightsofthismovement,includingColinCampbell,ageologistandauthorof“TheComingOilCrisis”,presentedtechnicaldatathatsupportedtheirgrimprognosis.Variousexpertsridiculedrivalanalyses,donebyAmerica'
sGeologicalSurveyandtheInternationalEnergyAgency(IEA),thatcontradictedtheirviews.DrCampbellevendecriedthe“amazingdisplayofignorance,deliberateignorance,denialandobfuscation”bygovernments,industryandacademicsonthistopic.
Soistheoilre
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