英语论文中美儿童家庭教育差异对比研究Word文件下载.docx
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英语论文中美儿童家庭教育差异对比研究Word文件下载.docx
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Itisobviousthatchildrenfamilyeducationisoneofthemostimportantpartsofeducationprocess.Childrenfamilyeducation,astheelementarystageofallkindsofeducations,isthefirststepthatthechildrengetintouchwiththesociety.Familyeducationisnotonlytheeducationoftheearliesteducationbutalsothewhole-lifeeducation.Whateverthegrowthoftheindividualandthedevelopmentoftheentiresociety,theFamilyeducationalsoplaysanirreplaceablerole.Becauseofthedifferentpoliticalattitudes,socialsystems,culturebackgrounds,Childrenfamilyeducationindifferentcountrieshavedifferentcharacteristics.
ThisthesistendstoanalysisthedifferencesandthereasonsonchildrenfamilyeducationbetweenChinaandAmerica.Intheconceptofchildrenfamilyeducation,Chineseparentsalwayspayattentiontoexameducation.Americanfamilyencourageschildrengrowingfreely.Theypaymoreattentiontotraintheirchildren’sindependentability.Inthemethodofchildrenfamilyeducation,thepatternofChinesechildrenfamilyeducationcanbeaptlytobedescribedasparents-dominatedpattern,whileAmericanchildrenfamilyeducationtendstobedemocratic.
BothChinesechildrenfamilyeducationandAmericanchildrenfamilyeducationhavetheirowncharacteristicsandit’shardtotellwhichisbetterthantheother.Throughthegeneralcomparisonoftwocountries’childrenfamilyeducation,thepaperputsforwardsomesuggestionsforourcountries’childrencultivation,hopingthatChinesechildrenfamilyeducationcanbecomemorerationalandmoreperfect.
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2.1TheDefinitionofFamilyEducation
Whatisfamilyeducationabout?
Mostpeopleincludingsomeparentsmaysaythatfamilyeducationsimplymeansraisingandeducating.However,itisneverthecase.Familyeducationismorethanraisingandeducating.
AGeneralIntroductionofChenHeqin’sThoughtsonPreschoolEducationdefinesfamilyeducationas“Familyeducationisasocietyusetoeducatenewgenerationwithaimsandsystems”(ChenHeqin,2006).Itcanbeprovedthatasintheperiodofearlychildhood,familyeducationprocessesarecriticalforelementary-school-agechildren’slearninganddevelopment.
Accordingtothetraditionalconceptfamilyeducationisparentseducatetheirchildren.Yet,thedefinitionoffamilyeducationshouldbeextended.Familyeducationisnotonlytheactionoffamilybutconcernsthewholesociety.Familyeducationisnotonlythewaythatparentsoreldergenerationeducatethechildorteenageinfamily,butallthefamilymemberseducateeachother.Familyeducationisnotonlytheeducationofthepre-schooleducation,butalsoalllifeeducation.
2.2TheDefinitionofChildrenFamilyEducation
Increasingattentionhasbeenpaidtochildrenfamilyeducationbythemodernsociety,anditgetsahotspotofsociety,whichiscloselyrelatedtotensofthousandsoffamilies’vitalbenefitsandurgentneed.Whatisthedefinitionofchildrenfamilyeducation?
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JustasPhierbahasay“Parents’biggestfalseistheystandintheirpositionandinterferechildren’snaturedevelopment.”(Phierbaha,2001)ChildrenFamilyEducationis“Asocialactivitywiththepurposeofgetthechildreninvolvedinundertheinfluenceofeducation.ChildrenFamilyEducationisabasicpartofeducation,withschooleducationandsocialeducationtobecomeanorganism.”(ZhaoZhongxin,2003)
Agreatmansaidthatthebasisofacountry'
smodernizationliesintalents,thebasisoftalentsliesineducation,andthebasisofeducationliesinfamily.Chinaisacountrywithemphasisonthehomeeducation.Throughouttheages,manymenofinsightworkdelightinthefieldofchildrenfamilyeducation,andaccumulatequitesubstantialachievements.Ingeneral,childrenfamilyeducationmaintainsagoodmomentumofgrowth;
ithasbeenbroughtintothefocusofpeople.
2.3TheDefinitionofCulture
Culturehasmanydefinitions,anditaffectseverythingpeopledointheirsocietybecauseoftheirideas,values,attitudes,andnormativeorexpectedpatternsofbehavior.Cultureisnotgeneticallyinherited,andcannotexistonitsown,butisalwayssharedbymembersofasociety.
Bergerdefinescultureas“thecollectiveprogrammingofthemindwhichdistinguishesthemembersofonegroupfromanother”(Berger,2003),whichispassedfromgenerationtogeneration,itischangingallthetimebecauseeachgenerationaddssomethingofitsownbeforepassingiton.
Cultureisacomplexconcept,andnosingledefinitionofithasachievedconsensusintheliterature.So,outofthemanypossibledefinitionsexamined,thefollowingdefinitionguidesthisstudy“Cultureisasetofsharedandenduringmeaning,values,andbeliefsthatcharacterizenational,ethnic,orothergroupsandorienttheirbehaviour”(ZhaoZhongxin,2003).
.ComparisonoftheConceptsofChildrenFamilyEducationbetweenChinaandAmerica
3.1ConceptsofChineseChildrenFamilyEducation(CCFE)
Fromancienttimestomoderntimes,familyeducationhasbeenplayinganimportantroleinthenationaleducationalcause.Nowadays,increasingattentionhasbeenpaidtochildrenfamilyeducationbythemodernsociety,anditgetsahotspotofsociety,whichiscloselyrelatedtotensofthousandsoffamilies’vitalbenefitsandurgentneed.ChildrenfamilyeducationmaintainsagoodmomentumofgrowthinChina.ItgetsmoreandmoreimportanttoChinesefamilies.Throughouttheages,manymenofinsightworkinthefieldofhomeeducationandaccumulatequitesubstantialachievements.Chinaisanorientalcountrywithalonghistorywhosedeepeducationalcultureincludestheelementsofexcellentfamilyeducation.Asweall
known,China’sconceptsliesinthemoralinstructionsfirst;
therespectforold;
thecarefortheyoung;
thecultivationofmoralcharacter;
thedeterminationofbeingstrong;
learnedprofoundknowledge,carefulconsiderationandsoon.
Chinahadalonghistory,atthesametime,itreservesmoreoldculture,especiallyisaffectedbyfeudalfarmer’sideaforalongperiod.Itsculturevalueisconservativeandcautious,whichlacksofadventurespiritsandcreationconsciousness.Chinesepeopleareeducatedtobeobedient,comparativeandlackofanenvironmenttoacceptnewideasonthewhole.
3.2ConceptsofAmericanChildrenFamilyEducation(ACFE)
Nomatterwhichcountryyoucomefrom,whatnationalityyoubelongto,allthinkthatthefamilyisaperson’sfirstschool,andtheparentisthefirstteacher.EitherChinaorAmerica,eithertheancienttimesorthemoderntimes,familyeducationisalwaysinthemostfundamentalposition.
TheAmericanparentsofancienttimes,fullyrealizedthistruth,theyguidedthechildrenmustlistentosectionofstoriesbeforesleeping,andthisisafinetraditionofAmericanfamilyeducation.Theyshouldfosterthedesireforseekingknowledge.ThemostimportantcharacteristicoftheAmericanfamilyeducationliesintheeducationalgoal.Educationisnotthepreparationforearningtheirliving,butforsurvival.Thelearnededucationtheyemphasizehasthevalueofmoldingone’smind,onekindofvaluewhichhasnothingtodowiththeutilityortheoccupationconsideration.
Americanspayattentiontopersonality,theirvalueorientationisbasedontheindividualism.Theylaystressontheirownbenefits,advocateindividualimprovementandfindtheirowntruevalue.ItisthecoreofAmericanculture.AnAmericanscholarpointedout:
Inademocraticsociety,everycitizenhashisowngoal,whichishe.Inthefamily,individualisthemostbasicone,whichisthevaluable,independentfromhisfamilyrelationanddoesn’tdependonothers.SoinAmericanfamily,parentsusedtotreatthemselvesandtheirchildrenastwoseparateindividual.
3.3TheDifferencesofConceptsbetweenCCFEandACFE
Asweallknow,ChinaisasocialistcountryandmostWesterncountriesbelongtocapitalistcountries.And,theyhavedifferenthistoryandcultures.ChinaadvocatesConfucianismandthewesterncountriesadvocatetherevivalofliteratureandart.
Firstly,thealsomostimportantpointisthattheirattitudetowardsthepositionoffamilyinstitution'
spositionisdifferent.Inchina'
straditionalfamily,parents'
authoritativeconsciousnessplaysaleadingrolewhileAmericanmainlyemphasizesstruggle,equality,democracyandhumanrights.
Secondly,theylaystressontheirownbenefits,advocateindividualimprovementandfindtheirowntruevalue.ItisthecoreofAmericanculture.AnAmericanscholarpointedout:
Inademocraticsociety,everycitizenhashisowngoal,whichishe.Chinesepayattentiontogeneralcharacter.Theyhaveaconception.Theconceptioniscollectivespirit.Inotherwords,itmeansconsideringthingsasawhole.Itemphasizescollectiveinterestmoreimportantthanindividualinterest.Chineseconsiderthatapersonislivingincontrastwithotherpeople.Fromancienttimetothepresent,self,thisconceptionresultsfromcontrastwithotherpeople,thatis,individualvalueonlycanlivewithothers’relationsinChinesesociety.
Thirdly,themostobviousonelieinthedifferenceinemotionaleducationandcorporalpunishment.MaybetheChinesetraditionalcultureemphasizes“reserve”,theChinesefamilyisnotgoodatexpressinglove,andtheemotionaleducationisveryweak.ThecommunicationbetweenChineseparentsandthechildischaracteristicofChina.AndintheChinesefamily,suchcharactersasno,cannot,won’tdo,donotappearrepeatedly,theChinesecollectiveed
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