新编剑桥商务英语(高级)第三版8.1.doc
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新编剑桥商务英语(高级)第三版8.1.doc
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Module8
8.1beingresponsible
Vocabularyenvironmentproblems
1inwhichofthefollowingareasareyouenvironmentallyconscious?
Whatthingsdoyoudowhicharenotsoenvironmentallyfriendly?
Giveexamples.
Actionwithimpactonthefriendlylessfriendly
environment
1savingenergyIuselow-energy
lightbulbs.
2usingpublictransport
3limitinghowmuchyoufly
4conservingwater
5recyclingwaste
6purchasinggreenproducts
7supportinglocalshopsand
Businesses
2whichoftheseenvironmentproblems:
Aarenatural?
Bareman-made?
Ccouldbeeither?
Earthquakesoilspillsatseanuclearradiationleakshurricaneslandslidessmogdecliningfishstocksdroughtextinctionofdifferentspecies
Floodingchemicalexplosionsvolcaniceruptions
3whichoftheseproblemshasyourcountryexperiencedinrecentyears?
Howweretheyhandled?
Whatprecautionshavebeentakenagainstfutureoccurrences?
Reading
4ofthesegroupsinsociety,whocandomosttocombatpollutionndclimatechange?
Aindividualconsumers
Blargecompanies
Cgovernments
5belowisanextractfromthelittleearthbooksuggestingapossiblewaytocontrolman-madepollution.Readthetextquickly.Whichofthesesentencesdoyouthinktheauthorwouldagreewith?
AAmericanspollutemorebecausetheyproducemoreoftheworld’swealth.
BtheUSA’spursuitofwealthisdamagingtheplanetforeveryoneelse.
Ctherearemoreimportantproblemsthandamagetotheenvironment.
Ddamagetotheenvironmentisthemostimportantproblemintheworldtody.
Ewecansolvetheproblemifwealldosomethingtohelpinourownlives.
Fthisproblemrequiresconcertedactionfromgovernmentsandinternationalorganisations.
Tradingpollutionquotas
Howcanweeliminatepollution?
Thebiggestthreattheworldhaseverfacedistherisinglevelofgreenhousegasesintheatmosphere.Wemustreduceemissionstoalevelthattheworldcansustain.Thereisnoalternative.Theegasesarenessentialpartofabalancedecosystem;itisonlyinexcessthattheybecomedangerous.Buttogetthembacktoasafelevel,emissionswillhavetobereducedbyover60%.Sincefinancialmarketsaresopowerful,theyshouldbedesignedtorewardcountriesforreducingemissions.Amechanismfordoingthisisquirtsimpleandobvious,andisonlyobscuredbyindustrialcountriesattemptingtoavoidpayingafairpricefortheirresources.Hereishowsuchamarketcouldoperate.
▪Onaverageeveryoneintheworldisresponsiblefor4.21tonnesofcarbonemissionsyear.
▪Iftheatmospherecanonlysustainlimitedquantityofcarbondioxide,shouldonepersonbeallowedtoemitalotmorethananother?
Everyoneshouldhaveanequalallowance,ie4.21tonnesatpresent,butreducingwithtime.
▪anIndianemits0.81tonnesonaverageandthereforehassurplusof3.4tonnesavailableforsale.
▪anaverageAmericanemits19.53tonnes.Hethereforeneedstobuy15.32tonnesinordertomaintainhislifestyle.
MultipliedbypopulationthismeansthatIndiahas3.2billiontonnesofCO2forsaleandtheUSneedstobuy4.1billiontonnes.TheUSneedstobuythewholeofIndia’ssurplusandmorebesides.AlternativelytheUSmustreduceitsemissions.Tradingonthisbasismeansthatmoneywouldflowfromtherichnations,whicharecausingtheclimatehavoc,topoornationsthatresufferingfromit.TheUNdevelopmentprogrammecommented,‘suchflowswouldbeneitheraidnorcharity.Theywouldbetheoutcomeofafree-marketmechanismthatpenalisestherichernations.’Thusfairmarketsystemfortradablequotawouldresultinafairerworld.Eachnation’sallowancecouldthengraduallybereducedonanequalpercapitabasistoagloballysustainablelevel.
6underlinethesentencesinthetextthatsupportyouranswertoexercise4above.
7whichofthesentencesinexercise5abovedoyouagreewith?
8doyouthinksuchatradingsystemwouldwork?
Why?
Whynot?
9howdoyoupronouncethefollowingfigures?
160%24.21tonnesperyear33.2bntonnesofCO2
Reading
1readtheconclusiontothepassage”tradingpollutionquotas’blow.Inmostlinesthereisanextrawordthatisunnecessaryorgrammaticallyincorrect.Butsomelinesarecorrect.
▪Ithereisanextrawordwritethewordinthemargin.
▪ifthereisnoextrawordinthelinewriteCORRECTinthemargin.
TRADINGPOLLUTIONQUOTAS
0notpractical?
Richnationsmynotlikeitthethoughtofinhabitingafairit
00andequitableworld,butmulti-nationalsmightnotobject-ifamillionairecorrect
1becomebeingabillionaireheisnotgoingtodrinkanymorecocacola,but
2nIndiarisingoutofpovertybecomesamarketingopportunity.But
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- 新编 剑桥商务英语 高级 第三 8.1