中学生英语学习常见错误一览表WWord文档下载推荐.docx
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中学生英语学习常见错误一览表WWord文档下载推荐.docx
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洗衣服"
,是固定搭配。
watch
[误]Yourwatchiswhattime?
[正]Whattimeisitbyyourwatch?
[析]一定要记住英文的习惯用法。
[误]Themotherwanttowatchthechildrentoplayonthegrass.
[正]Themotherwanttowatchthechildrenplay(playing)onthegrass.
[析]watch的用法同see,hear等词。
way
[误]Pleasemovethechair,itisontheway.
[正]Pleasemovethechair,itisintheway.
[析]intheway为"
挡道"
,而ontheway为"
在路上"
onmywayhome(在回家路上),onhiswaytothestation(在他去火车站的路上)。
而bytheway是"
顺便说"
Bytheway,haveyouheardfromJoanrecently?
[误]Thestudentswereontheirwaytohome.
[正]Thestudentswereontheirwayhome.
[析]home在这里为副词。
wear
[误]Thelittlegirlisoldenoughtowearherself.
[正]Thelittlegirlisoldenoughtodressherself.
[析]wear后接衣物而不接反身代词。
what
[误]Iwanttoknowwhattodoit?
[正]Iwanttoknowwhattodo?
[误]Iwanttoknowhowtodo?
[正]Iwanttoknowhowtodoit?
[析]what是疑问代词,而how是疑问副词。
要注意它们用法的不同。
when
[误]I'
dcookyounicemealwhenyou'
dcomehomeintheevening.
[正]I'
dcookyounicemealwhenyoucamehomeintheevening.
[析]在when引导的状语从句中,要用一般时表示将来,即主句中是将来时,从句中应用一般现在时,如主句中是过去将来时,从句中应用一般过去时。
如:
llbebackwhenyoucomebackfromschool.
[误]Wheninthesecondgrade,hismotherboughthimabike.
[正]WhenTomwasinthesecondgrade,hismotherboughthimabike.
[析]复合句中只有当主句的主语与从句的主语一致的情况下,才有可能省略,如:
Whenyounghehadtoworkallday.
[误]We'
llgototheparkwhenitdoesn'
traintomorrow.
[正]We'
llgototheparkifitdoesn'
traintomorrow.
[析]if用来表示不能肯定的事如果发生会如何;
而when用来表示肯定会发生或很可能会发生的事情,如:
llseeyouinSeptemberwhenIcomeback.
[误]Idon'
tknowwhenhecomeshometomorrow.
[正]Idon'
tknowwhenhewillcomehometomorrow.
[析]when所引出的宾语从句如果是表示将来的动作要用将来时,而不是像时间状语从句中用一般时表示将来。
where
tknowwheretogoto.
tknowwheretogo.
[析]where是疑问副词。
whether
[误]Itisunknownifhewillcome.
[正]Itisunknownwhetherhewillcome.
[析]if不能引导主语从句。
上句中it是形式主语,其后的从句才是真正的主语从句。
要注意以下各种情况不宜用if而要用whether:
①Ididn'
tknowwhetheryou'
llgoornot.(因句中有ornot选项。
)
②Hedidn'
tknowwhethertovisittheoldman.(因用于不定式前。
③I'
minterestedinwhetherhe'
llgo.(因作介词的宾语从句。
④Iwanttoknowthenewswhetherourteamwillwin.(同位语从句。
⑤Letmeknowwhetheryoucancome.(此句如用if则含意有所不同,其意就变为"
如果你能来请通知我"
。
而用whether则意为"
让我知道你是否能来"
who
[误]Whomdoyouthinkwouldliketocomeforagameoffootball?
[正]Whodoyouthinkwouldliketocomeforagameoffootball?
[析]在这个句式中"
doyouthink"
应看作插入语,所以原句应为Whowouldliketocomeforagameoffootball?
[误]Fromwhowasthegift?
[正]Fromwhomwasthegift?
[正]Whowasthatgiftfrom?
[析]在句首时现代英语常用who取代whom,而在紧跟介词时则不能用who来取代whom.
why
[误]Whynottogotothepark?
[正]Whynotgotothepark?
[析]whynot后面接不带to的不定式,也可以用whydon'
tyougowithher?
win
[误]Wehavewonyourclass.
[正]Wehavebeatenyourclass.
[析]win是及物动词,其后的宾语应是比赛、战争、奖品、奖金,如:
Whichteamwonthefootballmatch?
而beat是指"
打败"
对手、敌人,如:
Mybrotherbeatmeatpoker.(请注意,beat是不规则动词,其过去式与原形相同,而过去分词为beaten.)
wish
[误]Ihopeyoutobeagoodstudent.
[正]Iwishyoutobeagoodstudent.
[析]hope不能加宾语再加宾语补足语,而wish则可以,如:
Iwishyouluck.(我祝你走运。
without
[误]Ican'
tdothisworkwellwithoutyouhelpme.
[正]Ican'
tdothisworkwellwithoutyourhelp.
[析]without其后接动名词或名词而不接从句。
work
[误]Thisgirlislookingforaworkatthebank.
[正]Thisgirlislookingforajobatthebank.
[析]"
找工作"
一般应为tofindajob,而works作为"
工作"
讲为不可数名词,不能加不定冠词,也不可用复数。
当work作为"
作品"
、"
著作"
讲时,为可数名词,如:
Thispaintingisoneofhisgreatworks.而works作为"
工厂"
讲时单复数形式相同,如:
anironworks或twoironworks.作主语时其谓语动词可用单数,如:
Thesteelworksisclosedfortheholidays.
write
[误]Youmaywritewithink.
[正]Youmaywriteinink.
[正]Youmaywritewithapen.
用……写"
这一表达法要看用的是什么:
如果用钢笔则应用with,如:
Pleasefillinthisformwithapen.但讲用墨水时则要用in.
Y
yesterday
[误]Icameacrossmyoldfriendyesterdaynight.
[正]Icameacrossmyoldfriendlastnight.
昨晚"
应译为lastnight.
very
[误]Thankyouindeed.
[正]Thankyouverymuchindeed.
[析]indeed用来修饰verymuch,但要放其后面,而且也不要单独使用。
[误]Thebabywasveryasleep.
[正]Thebabywasfastasleep.
[析]不是所有的形容词都可以用very来修饰,如:
mwideawake.(我全醒了。
)再如:
allalone(十分孤独),muchafraid等。
[误]Thethingseemstobeveryimproved.
[正]Thethingseemstobemuchimproved.
[析]有些语法书讲very修饰现在分词,而much修饰过去分词,这要分别对待。
如果过去分词是指一个具体的动作,而且是句中主要动词的一部分就必须用much,而某些形容词化的过去分词,还是要用very来修饰的,如:
Iamverytired.
[误]Thereisverylesswaterintheriverthanusual.
[正]Thereismuch/farlesswaterintheriverthanusual.
[析]very不能修饰形容词或副词的比较级,而要用far,much等来修饰。
U
under
[误]Thelakeistwometersundersealevel.
[正]Thelakeistwometersbelowsealevel.
[析]under的意思是在某物的下面,而below=lowerthan,即"
低于"
[误]Underthehelpofourteacher,allofuspassedtheexam.
[正]Withthehelpofourteacher,allofuspassedtheexam.
understand
[误]Ithinkitisdiffculttomakemyselftounderstand.
[正]Ithinkitisdiffculttomakemyselfunderstood.
[析]这句话的意思是"
我想让别人理解我太难了"
[误]Iamunderstandingthelessonnow.
[正]Iunderstandthelessonnow.
[析]understand一词没有进行时态。
类似的词还有belong,find,hear,love,like等。
until
[误]Wewalkeduntiltheedgeoftheforest.
[正]Wewalkedasfarastheedgeoftheforest.
[误]Ourschoolbuscanholduntiltwentychildren.
[正]Ourschoolbuscanholduptotwentychildren.
[析]until与till两词的意思一样,但两个词都只能用于时间,如:
llwaituntilIhearfromyou.
[误]Iwaitedformymothertoseveno'
clock,butshedidn'
tcome.
[正]Iwaitedformymotheruntilseveno'
tcome.
[误]CanyoureturnthisbookuntilMonday?
[正]CanyoureturnthisbookbyMonday?
[析]当我们谈目前正在进行而将来某一时刻才停止的事件时用until,而用by来表达将来某一时刻会发生的动作。
[误]Wearrivedhomeuntilitbecamedark.
[正]Wedidn'
tarrivedhomeuntilitbecamedark.
[析]until用于肯定句时表示"
某动作直到……为止"
Theyworkeduntil5∶00P.M.用于否定句中时意为"
直到……才"
所以用于肯定句中要使用延续性动词,但截止性动词却可以用在否定句中。
upstairs
[误]Hewenttoupstairs.
[正]Hewentupstairs.
[析]upstairs一词可用作副词,如:
Weallhurriedupstairstoseewhathappened.也可用作名词,如;
Theupstairsofthehouseneedspainting.同时也可以用作形容词,如:
Ahousewiththreeupstairsroomsisquitegood.
use
[误]Itisnousetoaskher.
[正]Itisnouseaskingher.
[析]Itisnouse…与Thereisnouse…后通常用动名词,而不用不定式。
llgetusedtotreatthestudentsthisway.
llgetusedtotreatingthestudentsthisway.
[析]beusedto与getusedto后要接动名词表示"
习惯于"
做某事。
[误]Iusedtogettingupearlyinthemorning.
[正]Iusedtogetupearlyinthemorning.
[析]usedto表示过去习惯的动作,其后要加动词原形。
[误]Oilwasusedtocooking.
[正]Oilwasusedtocook.
[析]这里的句型虽然也是beusedto但这里不是主动态,而是被动态,所以不能接动名词而应接不定式。
[误]WeusedtogototheGreatWallthreetimes.
[正]WewenttotheGreatWallthreetimes.
[析]usedto只能用来表示一种习惯,而不能用来表达某事发生的次数。
T
take
[误]ThisyearIwanttotakethedriver'
slicense.
[正]ThisyearIwanttogetthedriver'
[析]take可以作为动词,意为"
拿"
取"
Iwanttotakemymail.而要获得某种证书、证明,要用get而不用take,take在学校范围内意为"
参加"
或"
选修"
某些课程,如:
ThistermIwanttotakebothFrenchandSpanish.
[误]Theaccidentwastakenplaceatthestreetcorner.
[正]Theaccidenttookplaceatthestreetcorner.
[析]takeplace与happen一样作为"
发生"
讲时没有被动语态。
[误]Doyoutakemeasafool?
[正]Doyoutakemeforafool?
[析]take…for…意为"
以为是……"
错当作……"
误认为"
,而这一意思还可以用于Itookyoutobethebestfriend.(我把你认作是最好的朋友。
[误]MyEnglishteacherwasill.Whowilltakeplaceher?
[正]MyEnglishteacherwasill.Whowilltaketheplaceofher?
[析]taketheplaceof…意为"
取代"
talk
[误]YesterdayImetanoldfriend.Wetalkedmanythings.
[正]YesterdayImetanoldfriend.Wetakedaboutmanythings.
[析]talk是不及物动词。
team[误]Ourteamlikesseeingfilm.
[正]Ourteamlikeseeingfilm.
[析]team与family,class等词一样,指整体时为单数名词。
Ourteamisexcellent,而指集体中的个体时要用作复数。
than
[误]Theymadefewermistakesthistermthantheymadelastlerm.
[正]Theymadefewermistakesthistermthantheydidlastlerm.
[析]当一个动作在同一个句子中重复时,第二次要用do来代替,以避免重复。
[误]YoumakemedomorethenanybodyIknow.
[正]YoumakemedomorethananybodyIknow.
[误]Igotintotherestroomthansomeoneknockedatthedoor.
[正]Igotintotherestroomthensomeoneknockedatthedoor.
[析]than与then不要误用。
then
[误]Wewenttothecinema,thenwenttoaChineserestaurant.
[正]Wewenttothecinema,andthenwenttoaChineserestaurant.
[正]Wewenttothecinema;
thenwenttoaChineserestaurant.
[析]then作"
然后"
讲时,在then前应加分号而不用逗号,或加逗号用andthen,但是如果是倒装句则要用逗号,如:
FirstcomeTom,thenMary.
think
[误]Ithinkyouarenotright.
tthinkyouareright.
[析]think在肯定句中与中文的习惯用法是一致的,如:
Ithinkyouareright.但在宾语从句是否定意思时,要否定think,如:
Idon'
[误]Ithinkhewillcomehere,doI?
[正]Ithinkhewillcomehere,wonthe?
[析]think加宾语从句时,反意疑问句的主语应用宾语从句中的主语,助动词要用宾语从句中的助动词,而肯定还是否定要看主句中的情况决定:
如主句用肯定句,则反意疑问句用否定句,反之亦然。
[误]Peoplethinkveryhighofhiswork.
[正]Peoplethinkveryhighlyofhiswork.
[析]thinkhighlyof为"
对某人某事
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