经济学英文课件.pptx
- 文档编号:1894560
- 上传时间:2022-10-25
- 格式:PPTX
- 页数:317
- 大小:1.70MB
经济学英文课件.pptx
《经济学英文课件.pptx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《经济学英文课件.pptx(317页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
GRAPHING1.GraphsofaSingleVariablePieChartBarGraphTime-SeriesGraphCompensationofemployees(72%)Corporateprofits(12%)Proprietorsincome(8%)Interestincome(6%)Rentalincome(2%)ThispiechartshowshowUSnationalincomeisderivedfromvarioussources.(a)PieChart(b)BarGraphIncomeperPersonin2000UnitedStates($34,100)UnitedKingdom($23,550)Mexico($8,790)India($2,340)Thebargraphcomparestheaverageincomeinfourcountries.(c)Time-SeriesGraphProductivityIndexThetime-seriesgraphshowstheproductivityoflaborinU.S.businessesfrom1950to2000.2.GraphsofTwoVariables:
TheCoordinateSystemAlbertE.(25,3.5)AlfredE.(5,2.0)Graphpintaverageismeasuredontheverticalaxisandstudytimeonthehorizontalaxis.AlbertE.andAlfredE.arerepresentedbyvariouspoints.Wecanseefromthegraphthatstudentswhostudymoretendtogethighergrades.GradePointAverageStudyTime(hoursperweek)3.CurvesintheCoordinateSystemPrice$20,000$30,000$40,000$102novels5novels8novels969128101316714172061821245222528IncomeThistableshowsthenumberofnovelsEmmabuysatvariousincomesandprices.Foranygivenlevelofincomes,thedataonpriceandquantitydemandedcanbegraphedtoproduceEmmasdemandcurvefornovels.DemandCurvePriceofNovelsQuantityofNovelsPurchasedDemand,D1ThelineD1showshowEmmaspurchasesofnovelsdependonthepriceofnovelswhenherincomeisheldconstant.Becausethepriceandthequantitydemandedarenegativelyrelated,thedemandcurveslopesdownward.ShiftDemandCurvesPriceofNovelsPurchased1316QuantityofNovelsWhenincomeincreases,thedemandcurveshiftstotheright.Whenincomedecreases,thedemandcurveshiftstotheleft.D2Income=$40,000D1Income=$30,000D3Income=$20,000Whenavariablethatisnotnamedoneitheraxischanges,thecurveshifts.4.SlopePriceofNovels13,$821,$66-8=-221-13=8QuantityofNovelsPurchasedfirsty-coordinatesecondy-coordinatefirstx-coordinatesecondx-coordinate5.MarginalChangetotalutilityallthebenefitandsatisfactionfortheconsumptionofgoodsandservices.marginalutilityquantitychangedofthetotalutilityforaddingoneunitconsumptionCDBREADconsumptionutilityconsumption01234567891005088121150175196214229241250012345678910lity075181206225243260276291utiQUANTITYTOTALUTILITYMARGINALUTILITY011711532345678905088121150175196214229241503833292521181512UTU5038332925211815129QQTOTALUTILITYdiminishingmarginalutility-thebasicoflawofdemandMARGINALUTILITYUMU6.ConsumerEquilibriumPrincipleofutilitymaximizationthattheutilityasgreataspossibleutility-maximizingchoiceconsumerequilibriumConditionsofconsumerequilibriummarginalutilityperdollarspentMU/P=50/6=8.33MUxPxMUyPy=CDTOTALUTILITYOFCD&BREADBREADQTUQTU0029129110150310260828831322563121302181441502671172517517500CD($6/unit)BREAD($3/unit)QMUMU/PQMUMU/Pa0010155.00b1508.338175.67c2386.336196.33d3335.504289.33e4294.8324214.00f5254.1700CDBREADPOSSIBILITYfabcdeMUdMUcMUB6.33E7.MarginalUtilityandDemandPricechange&DemandIncomechange&DemandCD($3/unit)BREAD($3/unit)QMUcQMUB0105.00116.6795.33212.6785.67311.0076.0049.6766.3358.3358.3367.0049.33ab635QP2ChangeofCD6356QPd1d2ChangeofBreadCD($3/unit)BREAD($6/unit)QMUcQMUB054.17212.6744.6749.6736.0067.0027.0085.00112.50103.000ab635QP2ChangeofBread6356QPd2d1ChangeofCDPriceEffectCD($3/unit)BREAD($6/unit)QMUCQMUB014116.6713212.6712311.001149.67105.0058.3395.3367.0085.6776.0076.0085.0066.3394.0058.33IncomeEffectChapter1CHOICES:
THEBASICS1.1INTRODUCTIONGetextradessertatdinnerDothelaundryCookdinnerHouseholdHouseholdGettochoosewhatTVshowtowatchSocietyWhatjobwillbedoneandwhowilldothemgrowfoodmakeclothingdesigncomputersoftwareWhowillgettheoutputofgoodsandserviceWhowilleatcaviarandwhowilleatpotatoes;WhowilldriveFerrariandwhowilltakebus.1.2THREECONCEPTSSCARCITYCHOICESOPPORTUNITYCOST1.2.1SCARCITYDefinitionthelimitednatureofsocietysresources.weseektosatisfyourmanyandvariedneedsandwantsbutourincomeisscaresowehavetomakechoicesaboutwhichneedsandwantswewillsatisfy.Modelanassumption+aconstraint=aconsequenceNEEDSANDWANTSNeeds:
needtosurvivebasicfood,clothing,shelterWants:
wouldliketohavebutnotforsurvivefastfood,chicclothing,goodmusiccollection,ticketstorockconcertNEEDSPhysiologicalneedstoremainalivephysicallye.g.oxygen,water,basicfood,shelter,refugeSocialneedstobelongtothesocietye.g.TVset,radio,telephone1.2.2CHOICETimeofstudentsIncomeoffamilyGunsandbutterEfficiencyandequityTimeofstudentsWatchingTVTimeEconomicsPsychologyNappingPart-timejobIncomeoffamilybuyfood,clothingfamilyvacationretirementchildrenscollegeeducationIncomewagesorsalariesinterestprofitsdividendsrent0:
00/0:
00EfficiencyThepropertyofsocietygettingthemostitcanfromitsscarceresourceEquityThepropertyofdistributingeconomicprosperityfairlyamongthemembersofsocietyEfficiencyConcerne
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 经济学 英文 课件