初中英语 上海中考自招讲义6句子结构划分Word文件下载.docx
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初中英语 上海中考自招讲义6句子结构划分Word文件下载.docx
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Canyougivemesomeexamplesaboutit?
ThistermIhavealreadywrittenmyparentsthreeletters.
Onethousandpeoplewillprobablygiveyouathousanddifferentanswers.
④
S+V+O+C
主谓宾补结构
Ifoundhimout.
Ithoughthimtobeagoodman.
Ifindhimplayingbasketball.
⑤
S+V+P
主系表结构
Thedayislongandthenightisshortinsummer.
Thereportsoundsveryinteresting.
MybrotherhasbeenintheYouthLeaguefortwoyears.
例句:
(1)Therichshouldhelpthepoor.(S+V+O,其中therich是主语)
富人应该帮助穷人。
(2)It'
sdangerousplayingwithfire.(S+V+P,it是形式主语,真正的主语是playingwithfire)
玩火危险。
(3)Shetakesgoodcareofhersickmother.(S+V+O,动词短语做谓语)
她把生病的母亲照顾得很好。
(4)Hegoesoutanddoesmorningexerciseseverymorning.(S+V+O,并列谓语)
每天早上,他都出去做早操。
(5)You'
dbetternottakethemagazineoutofthereadingroom.(S+V+O+C,hadbetter为情态动词,后面加动词原形)
你最好不要把杂志带出阅览室。
(6)Isityours?
(=Itisyours.S+V+P,it是主语,yours是表语)
它是你的吗?
(7)Themachinemustbeoutoforder.(S+V+P)
这台机器肯定出数障了。
(8)Heaskedmewhosepronunciationwasthebestintheclass.(S+V+01+02,asksb.sth.询问某人某事)
他问我班上谁的发音最好。
(9)IoftenaskhimtohelpmewithmyEnglish.(S+V+0+C,asksb.todosth.请求某人做某事)
我经常请他帮我学习英语。
(10)Ifinditeasytoanswerthisquestion.(=Ifindtoanswerthisquestioniseasy.S+V+O+C,it是形式宾语)
我觉得这道问题容易回答。
(11)Whoisthegirlinred?
(介词短语做定语,S+V+P)
穿红衣服的女孩是谁?
(12)Anoiseoutsidemadehimturnaround.(副语做定语,S+V+O+C)
听到外面的噪声,他转过身。
指出下列句子划线部分的句子成分。
1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.
2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.
3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.
4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!
5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.
6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.
7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.
8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.
9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.
10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.
11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.
12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.
13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.
14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?
15.Tobehonest,yourpronunciationisnotsogood.
16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?
1.主语,定语
2.间接宾语
3.谓语,状语
4.定语
5.状语,状语
6.定语,表语
7.宾语,状语
8.谓语,主语
9.谓语
10.主语,表语
11.谓语,宾语
12.状语
13.形式宾语,真正宾语
14.宾语,定语
15.插入语,状语
16.间接宾语,直接宾语
知识点二
独立主格结构以及it的用法
1.with结构with+名词/代词+todo/doing/done/形容词/介词短语等,表示伴随、原因或条件
(1)Withthecrowdscheering(=Whilethecrowdswerecheering),theydrovetothepalace.
在人群的欢呼声中,他们驱车来到皇宫。
(2)Weliketosleepwithwindowsopen(=whilethewindowsareopen).
我们喜欢把窗户开着睡觉。
(3)Withhertogowithus(=Asshewillgowithus),wearesuretohaveapleasantjourney.有她和我们一起去,我们的旅途一定会很愉快。
(4)Theroadwithfruittreesplantedonbothsides(=wherefruittreesareplantedonbothsides)leadstothemountainvillage.两边都种着果树的那条路通向那个山村。
(5)Thehousecaughtabigfirelastnight,withoutanythingleftinit(=withnothingleftinit=andnothingwasleftinit).
那房子昨晚发生火灾,结果里面的东西都烧光了。
2.名词/代词+todo/doing/done/形容词/介词短语等,表示伴随的动作或状态、原因、条件方式、补充说明时间或顺序
(1)Weatherpermitting(=Ifweatherpermits),we'
llgoonapicnictomorrow.
如果天气允许的话,我们明天就去野餐。
(2)Animportantlecturetobegiventomorrow(=Asanimportantlecturewillbegiven
tomorrow),theprofessorhastostayuplateintothenight.
明天将有一场重要的演讲,教授得熬夜到很晚。
(3)Theworkdone(=Aftertheworkwasdone),theywenthome.
工作完成了,他们回家了。
(4)Hewaslyingonthegrass,hishandscrossedunderhishead(=andhishandswerecrossedunderhishead).
他躺在草地上,双手交叉放在头下。
(5)Ahuntercamein,hisfaceredwithcold(=andhisfacewasredwithcold).
一个猎人走了进来,他的脸冻得通红。
1.Themurdererwasbroughtin,______
A.withhishandstiedB.withhishandstying
C.withhishandsbeingtiedD.hishandshadbeentied
2.Theproduction________steadily,thefactoryneedsanever-increasingsupplyofrawmaterial.
A.hasgoneupB.isgoingupC.havinggoneupD.beinggoneup
3.Theoldmanstoodunderabigtree,________
A.apipeinmouthB.withapipeinmouthC.pipeinmouthD.pipeinhismouth
4.Thefish_______bad,thechildrenleftmuchofit_______
A.tasted,untouchedB.tasting,untouchedC.tasting,untouchingD.tasted,untouching
5.Themeeting______over,wealllefttheroom.
A.isB.tobeC.beingD.wouldbe
6.Thesoldierfellasleep_______
A.withthecandleburningB.burningthecandle
C.whenheburningthecandleD.whenburningthecandle
7.Fathercamehome,________
A.adogfollowinghimB.followedbyadogC.followingadogD.alltheabove
8._______,Ihadtoaskfortwodaysleave.
A.MotherbeingillB.MotherillC.AsmotherwasillD.alltheabove
9._______,soyoucanwaitawhile.
A.TheplayisstillonB.TheplaybeingstillonC.AstheplayisstillonD.Theplaystillon
10.______,youcanwaitawhile.
A.TheplaybeingstillonB.TheplaystillonC.BeingstillontheplayD.AandB
1-5ACABC6-10ADDAD
3.It可以作形式宾语和形式主语;
形式主语,顾名思义,就是形式上的主语,并不是真正的主语。
(1)形式主语
Itisnousepersuadinghimnottodothis.(真正主语是persuadinghimnottodothis)
劝服他别做这件事是没用的。
Itisdifficulttounderstandthesesentences.(真正主语是tounderstandthesesentences)
理解这些句子很难。
(2)形式宾语
IthinkitnecessarytolearnEnglish.(真正宾语是tolearnEnglish)
我认为学英语是有必要的。
Tomfounditveryembarrassingtoberemindedofthelong-standingdebt.(真正宾语是toberemindedofthelong-standingdebt)
汤姆觉得被提醒还有旧帐未还是很难为情的。
知识点三
如何分析英语句子
1.英语中修饰成分的特点是数量多、位置灵活、种类固定。
可将这些修饰成分总结为“三长两短”.“三长”指的是:
句子中较长的介词短语、从句、非谓语动词短语;
“两短”指的是镶嵌于句子之中的两种较短的形容词和副词;
除此之外,还有稍许复杂的结构,即“平行并列结构”,是由一些并列关系的连词所构成。
2.三个步骤解决长难句
(1)准确标记-----“三长两短”可用“()”标记,“并列词”可用“[]”标记;
(2)认真分析;
(3)正确翻译。
[例句1]TheDepartmentofAgriculturehasprogramsaimedatdevelopingmorefarmersandatincreasinginterestinlocallygrownfood.
第一步:
清楚标记
TheDepartment(ofAgriculture)hasprograms(aimed)(atdevelopingmorefarmers)[and](atincreasinginterest)(inlocallygrownfood).
第二步:
认真分析
"
TheDepartmenthasprograms."
句子主干;
(ofAgriculture)介词短语;
(aimed),因为has是谓语动词,所以aimed是过去分词类非谓语动词,修饰前面的programs;
(atdevelopingmorefarmers)和(atincreasinginterest)都是aim带的介词短语;
[and]并列词;
(inlocallygrownfood)介词短语。
第三步:
准确翻译
意思为:
农业部已经制定了相关计划,以培养更多农民和提高本土出产的食物的利润。
(例句2)However,formanyyearsphysiciststhoughtthatatomsandmoleculesalwaysweremuch
morelikelytoemitlightspontaneouslyandthatstimulatedemissionthusalwayswouldbemuchweaker.
(However),(formanyyears)physiciststhought(thatatomsandmoleculesalwaysweremuchmorelikelytoemitlightspontaneously)[and](thatstimulatedemissionthusalwayswouldbemuchweaker).
“physiciststhought”句子主干;
(However)副词修饰成分;
(formanyyears)介词短语修辞成分;
(物理学家思考什么呢?
)由于内容很多,用一个句子来说明,所以叫宾语从句。
即:
*第一句:
(thatatomsandmoleculesalwaysweremuchmorelikelytoemitlightspontaneously)
具体做标记:
thatatomsandmoleculesalwayswere(muchmore)likelytoemitlight(spontaneously)
句意:
原子和分子总是更有可能自然地发光(werelikelyto有可能做某事)
中间:
[and]并列词
*第二句:
(thatstimulatedemissionthusalwayswouldbemuchweaker)
that(stimulated)emission(thus)alwayswouldbe(muchweaker)
受激发射总会弱很多(many/much+比较级表示“更......"
....得多"
)
*第三步:
然而,物理学家多年来一直认为,分子和原子总是更有可能自然发射光子,而受激发射则会弱很多。
分析下列句子的结构并翻译
1.Weareworking.
2.Icanswimverywell.
3.Thewaiterbroughtabottleofbeertome.
4.Whydoesthewindblow?
5.Therainhasbeenpullingdownforawholeday.
6.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.
7.Jimaskedyoutogivehisbestwishestoeveryone.
8.Youmustgetthecarreadybytomorrow.
9.Ihavealotofclothestowash.
10.Hegavehissonsomeadviceonreading.
11.Readmethefirstparagraph.
12.I'
veorderedsomesoupforyou.
13.HebeganlearningEnglishtenyearsago.
14.Mybeinglateworriedmyteacher.
15.Thepresidenthimselfwouldvisitourschool.
16.AprilFool'
sDayisthespecialdayoftheyear.
17.Heusuallytakesanapafterlunch.
18.Igotitbackatonce.
19.Hefinishedlunchandwentintothegarden.
20.Thetelephonerang.
21.Westudyhard.
22.Hisfathermighthavedied.
23.Willyoupleaseleavethedooropen/unclosed?
24.Canyoumakethedogstandstill?
25.Thelandlordhadthemworkingdayandnight.
26.Asoundknowledgeofgrammarisimportanttogoodwriting.
27.Weallbreathe,eat,anddrink.
28.Iwokeupat6:
00inthemorning.
29.Thebookweighsfivekilos.
30.TheywillbeflyingtoLondon.
31.Theshopassistantfoundsomematerialsforme.
32.HepromisedmeanewEnglish-Chinesedictionary.
33.Pleasepassanewly-publishedonetome.
34.HelivedinGuangzhou.
35.Thefatherisshowingtheboyhowtoplanttrees.
36.Hisunclelefthimsomemoney.
37.ShehastaughtusEnglishfor3years.
38.Ilikepopularmusic.
39.Sheknowswhattodonext.
40.Ihatearrivinglate.
41.Themeetingstartsatthree.
42.Myheartisbeatingloudly.
43.Tom'
sbirthdayistwoweeksaway.
44.Hetoldmethenewsbytelephone.
45.Therearemanypeopleintheroom.
46.Heisn'
tastallashisbrother.
47.Ihaveanewsweater.
48.Itisimportanttolearnaforeignlanguagenow.
49.Treesturngreeninspring.
50.Hewantstobeadoctor.
答案
1.Weareworking.我们在工作。
(主系表)
2.Icanswimverywell.我游泳游得很好。
(主谓)
3.Thewaiterbroughtabottleofbeertome.服务员给我拿来了一瓶啤酒。
(主谓双宾)
4.Whydoesthewindblow?
风为什么吹动?
(主谓)
5.Therainhasbeenpullingdownforawholeday.雨已经下了一整天了。
6.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.汤姆和杰克都喜欢乡村音乐。
(主谓宾)
7.Jimaskedyoutogivehisbestwishestoeveryone.吉姆请你把他最好的祝愿带给每个人。
(主谓宾补)
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