GMAT 语法Word文件下载.docx
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GMAT 语法Word文件下载.docx
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Makesurethatexcessivepressureisnotappliedwhile/whereasthesurfacesareincontactwitheachother.
205.Thepeaksofamountainrange,actinglikerocksinastreambed,produceripplesintheairflowingoverthem;
theresultingflowpattern,withcrestsandtroughsthatremainstationaryalthoughtheairthatformsthemismovingrapidly,areknownas"
standingwaves."
(A)crestsandtroughsthatremainstationaryalthoughtheairthatformsthemismovingrapidly,are
(B)crestsandtroughsthatremainstationaryalthoughtheyareformedbyrapidlymovingair,are
(C)crestsandtroughsthatremainstationaryalthoughtheairthatformsthemismovingrapidly,is
(D)stationarycrestsandtroughsalthoughtheairthatformsthemismovingrapidly,are
(E)stationarycrestsandtroughsalthoughtheyareformedbyrapidlymovingair,is
158.Withonly5percentoftheworld'
spopulation,UnitedStatescitizensconsume28percentofitsnonrenewableresources,drivemorethanone-thirdofitsautomobiles,anduse21timesmorewaterpercapitathanEuropeansdo.
(A)With
(B)As
(C)Being
(D)Despitehaving
(E)Althoughaccountingfor
233.Recentlyimplemented"
shift-workequations"
basedonstudiesofthehumansleepcyclehavereducedsickness,sleepingonthejob,fatigueamongshiftworkers,andhaveraisedproductionefficiencyinvariousindustries.
(A)fatigueamongshiftworkers,andhaveraised
(B)fatigueamongshiftworkers,andraised
(C)andfatigueamongshiftworkerswhileraising
(D)loweredfatigueamongshiftworkers,andraised
(E)andfatigueamongshiftworkerswasloweredwhileraising
69.Althoughshehadsignedapledgeofabstinencewhilebeinganadolescent,FrancesWillardwas35yearsoldbeforeshechosetobecomeatemperanceactivist.
(A)whilebeinganadolescent(B)whileinadolescence
(C)atthetimeofherbeingadolescent
(D)asbeinginadolescence
(E)asanadolescent
A中whilebeing不简洁.基本上一定错.除了being不好以外,是不是逻辑上也不合理.因为signed是一个瞬间的动作,而青春期是一段时间.用while连接,意思会有歧义,仿佛他sign誓言这个动作伴随着整个青春期.所以当有E这个更清晰的选项在的时候,就要选E.
E的as是介词,"
作为..."
来翻译.表明他以什么身份sign这个文件.
注:
1.when/while/although作状语修饰句子时,be动词不宜变成现在分词形式与while一起,其他实义动词则可以变成现在分词形式与while一起.
2.两种结构:
while/although+句子,and
while/although+现在分词毫无疑问都是可以的。
但while/although+名词的结构不允许。
我觉得while/although+现在分词,其实是一种省略:
当while/although从句主语和主句的主语一致时候,可以省略掉从句主语:
ShemetAndywhile(shewas)workingonaproductionofCarmen.
延伸出去的一点看法就是,做题时候,遇到while+分词形式,要记得看看这个省略的主语和主句的主语是否一致,是否逻辑合理,否则也要排除之.这个例子出现在WHILE作连词词性下面。
2.when/what
when是副词
while是连词,除了都表示“当……时候”以外,while还有尽管的意思
while,有与此同时的意思,同时发生的意味,一般ing多一些。
JisrunningwhileKissleeping
强调动作的同时发生
when范围更广一些,同时发生的意味没有while来的重
3.what
我的一点个人看法:
what就是thereasonfor...因此主语是thereason,谓语用单数
1,首先,单个what丛句作主语,主句用单数谓语永远都是对的。
在某些情况下既可以用单数也可以用复数。
用单数永远安全,有些时候可以用复数。
根据这个原则,B比A好(即使不理解为什么)。
2,这一题用单数的原因:
whatismuchmoredifficulttodetermineisthereason+定语。
whatis和thereason(也是单数)已经决定了谓语必需用单数,for后的定语不用理睬。
what分句的谓语和主语补语都是复数,主句可以用复数谓语,当然用单数也对;
thereason是主语补语,如果主语补语是复数thereasons,谓语可以用复数,当然用单数也对。
WhilediggingintheEgyptiandesert,hugefossilboneshavebeenfoundbypaleontologists,whichappearstohavebeenthesecondmostmassivedinosaurthateverlived.
D)paleontologistshavefoundhugefossilbonesfromwhatappearstobe
原句中的,which指代不清。
what就是thethingthat,是个n+连词的关系。
WHAT在定语从句中的考点
1、
句子1+vt+what+句子2
2、
句子1+介词+what+句子2
Iwillbuythebookforwhichyoulook.
Iwilllookforwhatyouwillbuy
重点:
“介词+which”结构的前面必须为名词,
“介词+what”结构的前面不能是名词
同例:
Itisdifferencefromwhich……
Itisdifferentfromwhat……
3、
使用时,what优先于n.+conjunction。
.
例
①Thatthatthebosssaidistrueastonishedus.
②Thatwhatthebosssaidistrueastonishedus.
二句优于一句
17.(25335-!
-item-!
-188;
#058&
002335)
Thesuccessoftheprogramtoeradicatesmallpoxhasstimulatedexpertstopursuewhattheyhadnotpreviouslyconsideredpossible--bettercontrol,ifnoteradication,oftheotherinfectionssuchasmeaslesandyaws.
(A)whattheyhadnotpreviouslyconsideredpossible--bettercontrol,ifnoteradication,oftheotherinfectionssuchas
(B)whattheyhadnotpreviouslyconsideredapossibility--bettercontrol,ifnoteradication,ofsuchinfectionslike
(C)somethingtheyhadnotpreviouslyconsideredpossible-bettercontrol,ifnoteradication,ofsuchinfectionsas
(D)somethingnotconsideredapreviouspossibility--bettercontrolandperhapseradication,ofotherinfectionssuchas
(E)thepossibilityofwhattheyhadnotpreviouslyconsidered--bettercontrolandpossiblyeradicationofinfectionslike
GWD21-Q27:
Theelectronicscompanyhasunveiledwhatitclaimstobetheworld’ssmallestnetworkdigitalcamcorder,thelengthofwhichisthatofahandheldcomputer,anditweighslessthan11ounces.
A.tobetheworld’ssmallestnetworkdigitalcamcorder,thelengthofwhichisthatofahandheldcomputer,anditweighs
B.tobethesmallestnetworkdigitalcamcorderintheworld,whichisaslongasahandheldcomputer,weighing
C.isthesmallestnetworkdigitalcamcorderintheworld,whichisaslongasahandheldcomputer,anditweighs
D.istheworld’ssmallestnetworkdigitalcamcorder,whichisaslongasahandheldcomputerandweighs
E.istheworld’ssmallestnetworkdigitalcamcorder,thelengthofwhichisthatofahandheldcomputer,weighing
GWD21-Q10:
ResearchersinGermanyhaveunearthed400,000-year-oldwoodenspearsfromwhatitappearswasanancientlakeshorehuntinggroundasstunningevidenceofhumanancestorswhosystematicallyhuntedbiggamemuchearlierthanbelieved.
A.itappearswasanancientlakeshorehuntinggroundasstunningevidenceofhumanancestorswho
B.itappearshadbeenanancientlakeshorehuntinggroundandstunningevidencethathumanancestors
C.appearswasanancientlakeshorehuntinggroundandisstunningevidencethathumanancestors
D.appearstobeanancientlakeshorehuntingground,stunningevidencethathumanancestors
E.appearsthatitisanancientlakeshorehuntingground,stunningevidenceofhumanancestorswho
碰到what引导的从句最重要是分清what在从句中作什么成分。
在GWD21-Q27中,what作后面claims的宾语,it为主语也就是thecompany,正常的陈诉语序下就是it(thecompany)claimswhattobe.而在GWD21-Q10中what作后面从句的主语,发出appears这个动作,所以it多余。
68.
Thefirsttrenchesthatwerecutintoa500-acresiteatTellHamoukar,Syria,haveyieldedstrongevidenceforcentrallyadministeredcomplexsocietiesinnorthernregionsoftheMiddleEastthatwerearisingsimultaneouslywithbutindependentlyofthemorecelebratedcity-statesofsouthernMesopotamia,inwhatisnowsouthernIraq.(这句话里面inwhat是引导状语从句的吧?
=greaticesheetsexistedwherearenowtemperateareas)
(A)
thatwerecutintoa500-acresiteatTellHamoukar,Syria,haveyieldedstrongevidenceforcentrallyadministeredcomplexsocietiesinnorthernregionsoftheMiddleEastthatwerearisingsimultaneouslywithbut
(B)
thatwerecutintoa500-acresiteatTellHamoukar,Syria,yieldsstrongevidencethatcentrallyadministeredcomplexsocietiesinnorthernregionsoftheMiddleEastwerearisingsimultaneouslywithbutalso
(C)
havingbeencutintoa500-acresiteatTellHamoukar,Syria,haveyieldedstrongevidencethatcentrallyadministeredcomplexsocietiesinnorthernregionsoftheMiddleEastwerearisingsimultaneouslybut
(D)
cutintoa500-acresiteatTellHamoukar,Syria,yieldsstrongevidenceofcentrallyadministeredcomplexsocietiesinnorthernregionsoftheMiddleEastarisingsimultaneouslybutalso
(E)
cutintoa500-acresiteatTellHamoukar,Syria,haveyieldedstrongevidencethatcentrallyadministeredcomplexsocietiesinnorthernregionsoftheMiddleEastarosesimultaneouslywithbut
OG11-59
Hisstudiesofice-polishedrocksinhisAlpinehomeland,faroutsidetherangeofpresent-dayglaciers,ledLouisAgassizin1837toproposetheconceptofanageinwhichgreaticesheetshadexistedinnowcurrentlytemperateareas.
(A)inwhichgreaticesheetshadexistedinnowcurrentlytemperateareas
(B)inwhichgreaticesheetsexistedinwhatarenowtemperateareas
(C)whengreaticesheetsexistedwheretherewereareasnowtemperate
(D)whengreaticesheetshadexistedincurrenttemperateareas
(E)whengreaticesheetsexistedinareasnowthataretemperate
其实inwhat在此就是inwhich.
inthat的话不是引导定语从句,而是引导原因状语从句的。
你可以直接把what替换为which就能看明白了。
关于整个结构,因为inwhat可以看做引导adverbialclause,所以可以用there代替整个adverbialclause后来看,即:
inwhichgreaticesheetsexistedthere.
in在此做介词,what引导名词性从句,in+what从句就起状语作用,这样理解没有问题。
另外从本质上理解,前面我说的直接把what替换为which是为了便于理解inwhatarenowtemperateereas是状语从句引导词。
如果真的要把定语从句还原为陈述语气直接替换which还是有点纰漏的,因为没有补出先行词。
如果要还原的话必须以what=thatwhich来替换,that作为先行词(曾有题目出迷惑选项把what替换成thatwhich,而thatwhich的表达不简洁也不符合习惯,所以要直接用what),即inwhichgreaticesheetsexistedinthatwhichar
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