研究生英语阅读教程基础级2版Word格式.docx
- 文档编号:18896972
- 上传时间:2023-01-02
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:17
- 大小:39.74KB
研究生英语阅读教程基础级2版Word格式.docx
《研究生英语阅读教程基础级2版Word格式.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《研究生英语阅读教程基础级2版Word格式.docx(17页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
effect->
effective<
->
efficient->
efficiency(n.)
[1]Youarewellawareof(=realize)thefactthatbooks,newspapers,magazines,motionpictures(film/movie),radio,andtelevisionhavebeenusedfor(dissuade<
persuade)persuasivepurposes:
tosellbeerandsoap(~watch),ideasandpoliticalcandidates;
tobringabout(cause/leadto)socialchangeortoquell(=suppress)arevolution.Fewofusthinkaboutmusicorrecordingsbeingusedforthesepurposes,buttheyareandhavebeenforalongtime.
[2]Everywarhashaditssongsthatwhippedup(arouse)patrioticfervor(=enthusiasm)or,inthecase(example)oftheVietnamWar,thatencouragedprotestagainstit.Sometitles(names)ofrecordspopularinthiscountry(theUSA)duringWorldWarIIsuggest(show)theextent(degree)ofthemobilizationoftherecordingindustryforthewareffort(n.):
"
RememberPearlHarbor"
"
HavetoSlapThatDirtyLittleJap"
There'
saStarSpangledBannerWavingSomewhere"
AnyBondsToday"
and"
'
Roundand'
RoundHitler'
sGrave"
.
[Bonds:
[C]bond(betweenAandB)somethingthatformsaconnectionbetweenpeopleorgroups,suchasafeelingoffriendshiporsharedideasandexperiences:
e.g.Abondoffriendshiphadbeenforgedbetweenthem.E.g.Theagreementstrengthenedthebondsbetweenthetwocountries.E.g.thespecialbondbetweenmotherandchild]
[3]Theanti-Vietnamprotestsofthesixtiesandearlyseventiesbroughtforth(=broughtabout)quiteanotherkindofsong.Onewas"
BigMuddy"
aboutagroupofsoldiersblindlyfollowingtheircommandingofficerintoariverwheremanyweredrowned.Those(=thosepeople)whosangandheardthesongknewthatthe"
referredtoVietnamandthecommandertoPresidentLyndonJohnson,andtheirantiwarpassionswereintensified(=strengthened)."
WhereHaveAlltheFlowersGone"
TheTimes,TheyareA-Changin'
"
GivePeaceaChance"
wereotherpopularsongswhoserecordingswerewidelyplayedandusedtobuild(arouse)resistancetothewar.
[4]Musicisusednotonlytoadd(increase)persuasivebitsofinformationforthemessages(belief)inourheadsaboutwar.Persuasivemusicplaysanimportantrole(part)inpeacetimealso(too)."
WeShallOvercome"
wasatremendously(great)importantforceinthecivilrightsmovement,justasthefolk(=people)songsofJoanBaez,PeteSeeger,andWoodyGuthriehavebeenimportanttothepeacemovement.Inrecenttimes,musichasbeenusedtoraisemoneyaswellas(=and)consciousness(conscience)forvariouscauses(vt./n.事业).TheLiveAid(help),FarmAid,BandAid,andUSAforAfricaconcerns(worries/relief)andrecordingsessions(=concerts)raisedfunds[
(1)n.资金;
(2)vt.资助]forsuchcausesasfaminerelief(relieve)inAfricaanddestitute(poor)Americanfarmers.
[5]Somewhat(=alittle/<
somehow=forreasonsunknown)furtherbackinthiscountry'
shistory,theradicalleftadopted(used/madeuseof)manyoldNegrospirituals(songs)tocommunicateitsmessage(thought)effectively."
WeShallNotBeMoved"
forexample,wasadopted(~child)astheofficialsongoftheradicalSouthernTenantFarmersUnioninthe1930s.Inthe1930salso,"
Gimme(Gee,Wow)ThatOldTimeReligion"
wastransformed(turned)into"
GimmeThatNewCommunistSpirit"
.Thatsort(kind)ofadaptationofsongs—givingthemnewlyrics(words)--hasbeenafavoritetactic(strategy)ofmanygroupswhowanttousemusicforpersuasivepurposes.Theidea(belief)istotakeasongthatpeoplelikeorthathasparticularmeaning(significance)oremotionalassociationforthemanduseitwithnewwords,hopingthatsomeoftheliking(favor),meaning,oremotionalassociationswilltransfertothenewideasbeingcommunicated.Anditoftenworks.
Threats(->
threaten)ofCensorship
[6]Suchpoliticalusesofmusichavenevercausedmuchcontroversy(->
controversial)inthiscountry(theUSA).Therehasbeensomepressureattimes(often)tokeepcertainanti-warsongsorsongsassociatedwiththeradicalleftofftheair,butthispressurehasbeenneitherstrongnorpersistent.Farmorepressureandcontroversy(resistance)hasbeenarousedbythelyricsofsomeofthepopularsongsofthelasttwentyorthirtyyears.Manycriticshavecharged(beinchargeofsth.)thatcertainrock-and-rollsongsencouragesexualpromiscuityandtheuseofdrugs.[dragking堕落之王]Rightly(just)orwrongly,thedressandantics(unusualbehavior)ofsomeoftherockmusicstars,bothonandoffthestage,reinforce(confirm)thesebeliefs.Asaresult,anumberofcommunityandnationalgroupshaveappliedpressureonstationstokeepthesesongsandperformersofftheair.ThesechargesalsostimulatedinvestigationsbytheFederalCommunicationsCommission(->
committee;
SingaporeHighTradeCommission),theregulatoryagencychargedwithoverseeing(supervising)broadcastpractices(经营行为).TheFCChastakentheposition,unpopularwithmanybroadcasters,thatthestationlicenseehasthesamepublicserviceresponsibilityinselectingandrejectingmusictobeplayedonthestationasithasinselectingandrejectinganyothercontentofthestation.TheFCCposition(=attitude)isthatthestationshouldexercise(vt.)thesame(supervise->
)supervisionofwhatissungonthestationasofwhatissaid.Inageneralsense(=generallyspeaking),thisisareasonablepositionandtheonlyonetheFCCcouldtake,given(=ifconsiderationisgiventothefactthat…就…而言)presentlaw.Aproblemarises(occurs)withtheinterpretation(explanation)ofthisinjunction(law),however.Doesit(law)meanastationshouldpermitnolanguageorideasinasongthatitwouldnotpermitonthenewsorinasportsprogram?
Ordoesitmeanthestationshouldrecognize(realize)thatdifferentformsofcommunicationorentertainment,orprogramsdesignedfordifferentkindsofaudiences,shouldhavedifferentstandardsconcerning(about)languageandideas?
Thisissue(problem)isstillfarfrom(being)settled.
[7]Havingbeenlargelyunsuccessfulinkeepingsexuallysuggestivesongsorsongsthatseemtobepromotingdruguseofftheair,someparents'
groupsinrecentyearshavebeenattempting(trying)toforce(make)companiestolabeltheirrecordingsinthesamewayfilmcompaniesnowlabelmotionpictures.The(assume->
)assumption(belief)isthatsuchlabelswillprovideparentswithinformationtheyneedtocontrolthekindsofmusictowhichtheiryoungchildrenareexposed(beexposedtosth.).Oneofthemajorpressuregroupsinvolvedinthisattempt(try)istheParentsMusicResourceCenterbasedinWashington,D.C.Theleadersinthisgroupincludethewivesofsomepowerfulcongressmenandothergovernmentofficials,soitistakenseriouslybyleadersinthemusicindustry.Theconcern(worry)ofmanypeopleinthemusicbusiness,though(however),isthatthelabelingbeingadvocatedcouldbejustafirststeptowardotherformsofcontrolorcensorship.
takesth.seriously(adv.)<
takeiteasy(adj.)
TheImpact(influence)ofRecordingsonOurPerceptions(perceive/understanding)
[8]Whateverthedirecteffectsofmusicalrecordingsonourattitudesandbehaviors(are),theyarecertainlyanever-present(=everlasting)andimportantpartofourcommunicationenvironment,andtheycontributetotherealitiesinourheads.Noonewholistenedtopopularmusicduringthe1980scouldescape(=avoid;
canhelpfromthinking)theperception(understanding)thatdrugswereamajorfactorinthelivesofmanypeople.Popularmusicoftheearly1970scontributedto(ledto)thebeliefthatmostpeopleopposedthewarinVietnam.Thesemessages,sneakingintoconsciousnessfromthebackgroundmusicaroundus,formedanimportantpartofourcommunicationmosaics,justasthemessagesintoday'
smusicformanimportantpartofourpresentcommunicationmosaics.
TheRoleofMusicinIdentificationandRebellion
(IDcard:
IdentityCard;
studentID学生证)
[9]Popularmusichastwoothermajorfunctionsoreffects.Itprovideseachgenerationofyoungpeopleacommonandcherished(valued)experience.Yearslater,thesoundofthatmusiccanbringstrangerstogetherandstimulate(aroused)memoriesofthatearlierera(time).Vivid(evident->
)evidenceofthemeaningfulnessofsuchexperiencescanbeseenbywatchingthetouristswhoareattractedtoGraceland,ElvisPresley'
sformerhomeandnowthesiteofhisgraveinMemphis.Acommonsightthereisthemiddle-agedmarriedcouplebringingtheirchildrentoseeand,theyhope,tofeelsomeofthespecialmagicPresleycreatedforthemduringtheircourtshipandearlymarriedyears.
[10]Anothermajorfunctionpopularmusicservesisthe(provide->
)provisionofarelativelyharmlesssource(tool/means/measure)ofrebellionfortheyoung.Eachgenerationofyounghasitsownmusic,almost[vary:
(vi.)-variable(a.)->
variable->
]invariably(=always)unappreciated(unenjoyed)byparents,justasparents'
favoritemusicwasunappreciatedbytheirparents(grandparents).Thismusicisimportantinpart(=partially)becauseolderpeopledonotlikeit,andinpartbecausedemonstrating(showing)one'
sloveofitispartoftheritual(ceremony)ofaffiliation(connection)withpeers(colleague同行/同类/college).
[11]Oneauthorhassuggested(said)thatpopularmusicalsoserves(functionsas)a"
riteofpassage"
functionforyounggirls.Theteenage(younggirls)singing(worshipping)idolsmayserveasnon-threateningsubstitutesforactualboysuntilboys'
maturationcatchesupwiththat(maturation)ofgirlsandsomesemblance(sth.Like/sth.similar)ofeasy(natural/comfortable)boy-girlrelationsh
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 研究生 英语 阅读 教程 基础