美国文学篇章赏析.docx
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美国文学篇章赏析.docx
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美国文学篇章赏析
TheCaskofAmontillado之巴公井开创作
创作时间:
二零二一年六月三十日
Ironically,thestorytakesplaceduringthecarnivalseasonofmadnessandmerrymaking.MontresorplaysonFortunato'sprideinhiswineconnoisseurship,askinghimtoverifywhetherornotMontresor'srecentbargain-pricewinepurchaseisexpensiveamontilladoorordinarysherry.FortunatoagreesoverMontresor'sproteststhatitwouldbeanimpositionandahealthdanger,sincethevaultswherethewineisstoredarecold,dampand"encrustedwithnitre."Montresor'sexpressedconcernfortheotherman'swell-beingisatoddswithhistrueintentions.
thenamesofthewinesnotedthroughoutthestoryandtheirpossiblesymbolism.forexample,"medoc"forfortunatosohecanfendoffthecoldand"degrave"whileheiswalkingtohisowngrave.
TherearefourpossiblereasonswhyFortunatovolunteeredtocheckifitwerereallyAmontillado.
1)Hewasdrunk.2)Thefestivalwasgoingonandhewasinhighspirits.3)HewantedtoprovethathewasbetterthanLuchesi.4)Hewas,ofcourse,trickedbyMontresor.Heputinmuchexaggerationandfalsityintohis'speech'toeggFortunadointoenteringthecryptorhewouldneverbeabletoexactrevenge.
"FreeMasonrefrence"WhenMontressorwastalkingabout"being"amasonhewasprobablyrespondinginscarcasimtoFortunato'squestion.Montressorcleverlyknowsthatheisdeteringtheattentionofhisdrunkinfriendwhenhepullsouthistrowel(whichisatoolformasony).AtthatpointintheconversationitseemsthatFortundoaknowledgeshelosttheconversationinhisintoxicationandmovesalongtotheAmontillado.
theabnormalsocialphenomenaexistinthereality,theintrigueamongpeopletogainprofitsandalsotheimmoralmeasurespeopletookforpanninggoldattheGoldRushEra.
TheCelebratedJumpingFrogofCalaverasCounty
Plot:
Thenarratorissentbyafriendonanerrandtovisitanoldman,SimonWheeler,tofindanoldacquaintanceofhisfriend,LeonidasW.Smiley.ThenarratorfindsSimonatthe"decayedminingcampofAngel's"Thenarratorasksthefat,bald-headedmanofLeonidas.Simonrespondsthathedoesn'tknowaLeonidasSmiley,butheknowsofaJimSmiley.FromthereSimontellsthestoryofJim.
Themes:
AculturedEasternerrelateshisrecentvisittoatalkativeoldmanatawesternminingcamp.RatherthanprovidinginformationthattheEasternerislookingfor,theoldmankeepshimwaitingwhilehespinsataleaboutabettingmanandhispetfrog.
CultureClash:
ithighlightsvariousaspectsoflatenineteenth-centuryAmericansocietyandculturethroughtheretellingofatalltale.Centraltothestoryistheideaofconflictingcultures,particularlytheclashbetweenthesettled,easternportionoftheUnitedStatesandthestill-developingWest.AtthetimeTwainwrotethestory,theEastanditsinhabitantshadareputationforbeingcivilized,cultured,andadvanced.TheWest,ontheotherhand,wasstillbeingsettledandwasconsideredtobepopulated.
Style:
Theframetalestructure.Inaframetale,onestoryappearsin—thatis,itisframedby—anotherstory.In"JumpingFrog"theoutertalefocusesonMarkTwainandhismeetingwiththetalkativeoldstoryteller,SimonWheeler.ThismeetingoccursattherequestofafriendofTwain's,identifiedinsomeversionsofthetaleasA.Ward,whosupposedlywantstofindoutaboutanoldacquaintancenamedLeonidasSmiley.Twainreveals,however,thathesuspectshisfriend'srequestwasmerelyapracticaljokedesignedtowastehistime.Twain'ssuspicionsaboutthemeetingandhisdescriptionsofWheelerappearinthefewparagraphsthatopenandclosetheentirestory.
幽默艺术的四个特点:
用夸张的手法突出幽默对象的实质特征;用漫画的技巧追求幽默艺术的深刻性;运用年夜量土语和俚语增强幽默效果;巧妙地构思出一些奇特、曲折的故事情节,增强幽默的感染力.
AClean,Well-LightedPlace
Theoldmanisafraidofthedarknessandloneliness,Heneedcafe'swhiskeytoencouragehimselftolive,toinsist.Thecaferepresentsthesoulshelterortherestharborforthetwo.
Oneman'slonelinessandisolationfromtherestoftheworld.theyoungerwaiterandtheolderonearedifferent.Theolderonehasmorexpintheworld,sohecanunderstandtheoldmanbetter.Nothingnessisthekeynoteofthewholestory.
Intheend,Hemingwayleavesuswithanuniversalitytothetaleinthat:
"Manymusthaveit."Notonlydomanypeoplehavetheinsomniaandsleeplessness,buttheyalsoexperiencelonelinessandtheneedforaclean,well-lightedplaceinwhichtofeelsafe,orperhapsinsulated.
SomehavearguedthatHemingwaycontrastslightandshadowtodifferentiatetheoldmanandtheyoungpeoplearoundhim,andusesthedeafnessoftheoldmanasasymbolforhisseparationfromtherestoftheworld.Hemingwayusesthewaiterstojudgetheoldmanandportrayhisviews.Asacleandrunk,themandoesnotspilladropashedrinksandwalks"unsteadilybutwithdignity"whenhefinallyleavesthecafé.Thewaiterstalkbetweenthemselvesastheyoungwaiteraskstheoldwaitertheman’sstory.Hewondershowanyonecouldsitalonedrinkinginthecaféinsteadofbuyingabottleforhimselfanddrinkinthecomfortofhisownhome.Itisthentheoldwaiterwhodefendstheman.Theoldwaiteracknowledgesthatitisbetterforthemantohavemanydrinksinpublicthananydrinksinprivate.
Anotherwaytoanalyzetherelationshipsbetweenthemenistocomparethemasoneperson.Theyoungwaitercomplainsabouthavingtostickaroundthecaféwaitingforthemantofinishdrinking.Heclaimsthathehasawifetogohometoandhewouldratherbeinbedthaninthecafé.Theoldwaiterdefendsthedrinkingmanbecausehecanrelateandevenseehimselfintheman.Hesympathizesknowingthathe,too,prefersacleanwelllightedplacetodrinkandwilllaterappreciatesuchaplaceinhisolddrinkingage.Theoldmanisinhisfinalyearsoflifeandtheoldwaiterrecognizesthathesoonwillhavethesamefateastheoldman.Aprogressionofageisseenamongthecharactersdemonstratingthetransitionfrombeingyoungandsocialtoagingandfeelinglonely.Hemingwayportraysadifferenceinage,experience,andopinionofdrinkingthroughtheuniquecharacters.虚无就是黑暗孤独,无希望、无意义、精神无所寄托的迷惘.
BarnBurning
Thestorydealswithclassconflicts,theinfluenceoffathers,andvengeanceasviewedthroughthethird-personperspectiveofayoung,impressionablechild.
Characters:
∙ColonelSartorisSnopes("Sarty")-protagonist
∙AbnerSnopes–patriarchoftheSnopesfamily,Antagonist
∙LennieSnopes–wifeofAbnerandmotherofSarty
∙Lizzie–unmarriedsisterofLennieSnopes
∙MajordeSpain-Snopes'semployer
Plotsummary:
AbnerSnopes,thefatherofyoung"Sarty"Snopes,isbeingdrivenoutoftownafterburningdownhislandlord'sbarn.InthecourtcasethatopensthestoryandinwhichSartyisinitiallycalledtotestify,nopalpableproofcanpointtoAbnerastheculprit,buttheSnopesfamilyisorderedtoleavethecounty.TheymovetoanewplacewhereAbneristoworkasasharecropperforMajordeSpain,butAbnercannotseemtocontrolhispyromaniaandhatredforsociety.
Shortlyafterarrivingathisnewposition,AbnervisitsMajordeSpain'shouseandtrackshorsedroppingsonablondrug.MajordeSpainordersAbnertocleantherug,whichhedoesbyusingaharshlyesoap,ruiningtherugbeyondrepair,beforethrowingtherugontoMajordeSpain'sfrontporch.MajordeSpainleviesonAbnerafineof20bushelsofcornagainstthepriceoftherug.Atcourt,aJusticeofthePeacereducesthefinetotenbushelsofcorn.Feelingonceagainwronged,AbnermakespreparationstosetfiretoMajordeSpain'sbarn.SartywarnsMajordeSpainofhisfather'sintentionstoburndownhisbarnandthenfleesinthedirectionofhisfather.HeissoonovertakenbyMajordeSpainonhishorseandjumpsintotheditchtogetoutoftheway.Sartyhearstwogunshots,butwhogetsshotisneverrevealed;thefatherandthebrotherappearinworkssetafter"BarnBurning."Profoundlyaffectedbyhisfather'slegacy,theboydoesnotreturntohisfamilybutcontinuesonwithhislifealone.
Theme:
AlienationandLoneliness
In"BarnBurning,"Faulknerdepictsachild,onthevergeofmoralawareness,whofindshimselfcutofffromthelargersocialworldofwhichheisgrowingconscious;thissenseofalienationtakesroot,moreover,inSarty'srelationwithhisfather,whoshouldbethemoralmodelandmeansofentryofthechildintothelargerworld.Becauseofhisfather'scriminalrecklessness,Sartyfindshimself,inthefirstpartofthestory,theobjectofaninsult.
Themostnoticeablefeatureofishissyntaxorsentencestructure.Faulkner'ssentencestendtobelong,fullofinterruptions,butworkbasicallybystringingoutseeminglymeanderingsequencesofclauses.Thesecondsentenceof"BarnBurning"offersacaseinpoint:
Itis116wordslongandcontainsbetweentwelveandsixteenclauses,dependingonhowoneparsesitout;itscontentisheterogeneous,movingfromSarty'sawarenessofthesmellofcheeseinthegeneralstorethroughthevisualimpressionmadebycannedgoodsontheshelvestotheboy'ssenseofbloodloyaltywithhisaccusedfather.Itisthesubjectivityofthecontent—senseimpressions,randomemotionsandconvictions—whichrevealsthepurposeofthesyntax.
Iffamilytiesconstituteamoralobligationontheindividual,isthereanyhighermoralitywhichmightrequiretheindividualtoactagainstafamilymember?
Thisisthequestionthatten-year-oldSartyconfronts—andanswers.
TheGreatGatsby
Theme:
CultureClash.ByjuxtaposingcharactersfromtheWestandEastinAmericainTheGreatGatsby,Fitzgeraldwasmakingsomemoralobservationsaboutthepeoplewholivethere.ThoseintheMidwest—thenewlyarrivedNickCarraway—w
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