考研英语一真题与答案文档格式.docx
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考研英语一真题与答案文档格式.docx
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____7____somethingwaschanged,productivityrose.A(n)____8____thattheywerebeing
experimenteduponseemedtobe____9____toalterworkers'
behavior____10____itself.
Afterseveraldecades,thesamedatawere____11____toeconometrictheanalysis.
Hawthorneexperimentshasanothersurprisestore____12____thedescriptionsonrecord,no
systematic____13____wasfoundthatlevelsofproductivitywererelatedtochangesinlighting.
Itturnsoutthatpeculiarwayofconductingtheexperimentsmaybehaveletto____14____
interpretationofwhathapped.____15____,lightingwasalwayschangedonaSunday.When
workstartedagainonMonday,output____16____rosecomparedwiththepreviousSaturdayand
17toriseforthenextcoupleofdays.____18____,acomparisonwithdataforweekswhen
therewasnoexperimentationshowedthatoutputalwayswentuponMonday,workers
____19____tobediligentforthefirstfewdaysoftheweekinanycase,before____20____a
plateauandthenslackeningoff.Thissuggeststhatthealleged"
ishardtopin
down.
1.[A]affected[B]achieved[C]extracted[D]restored
2.[A]at[B]up[C]with[D]off
3.[A]truth[B]sight[C]act[D]proof
4.[A]controversial[B]perplexing[C]mischievous[D]ambiguous
5.[A]requirements[B]explanations[C]accounts[D]assessments
6.[A]conclude[B]matter[C]indicate[D]work
7.[A]asfaras[B]forfearthat[C]incasethat[D]solongas
8.[A]awareness[B]expectation[C]sentiment[D]illusion
1/13
9.[A]suitable[B]excessive[C]enough[D]abundant
10.[A]about[B]for[C]on[D]by
11.[A]compared[B]shown[C]subjected[D]conveyed
12.[A]contraryto[B]consistentwith[C]parallelwith[D]peculiarto
13.[A]evidence[B]guidance[C]implication[D]source
14.[A]disputable[B]enlightening[C]reliable[D]misleading
15.[A]Incontrast[B]Forexample[C]Inconsequence[D]Asusual
16.[A]duly[B]accidentally[C]unpredictably[D]suddenly
17.[A]failed[B]ceased[C]started[D]continued
20.[A]breaking[B]climbing[C]surpassing[D]hitting
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextby
choosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)
Text1
OfallthechangesthathavetakenplaceinEnglish-languagenewspapersduringthepast
quarter-century,perhapsthemostfar-reachinghasbeentheinexorabledeclineinthescopeand
seriousnessoftheirartscoverage.
Itisdifficulttothepointofimpossibilityfortheaveragereaderundertheageoffortyto
imagineatimewhenhigh-qualityartscriticismcouldbefoundinmostbig-citynewspapers.Yeta
considerablenumberofthemostsignificantcollectionsofcriticismpublishedinthe20thcentury
consistedinlargepartofnewspaperreviews.Toreadsuchbookstodayistomarvelatthefact
thattheirlearnedcontentswereoncedeemedsuitableforpublicationingeneral-circulation
dailies.
WeareevenfartherremovedfromtheunfocusednewspaperreviewspublishedinEngland
betweentheturnofthe20thcenturyandtheeveofWorldWarII,atatimewhennewsprintwas
dirt-cheapandstylishartscriticismwasconsideredanornamenttothepublicationsinwhichit
appeared.Inthosefar-offdays,itwastakenforgrantedthatthecriticsofmajorpaperswould
writeindetailandatlengthabouttheeventstheycovered.Theirswasaseriousbusiness,and
eventhosereviewerswhoworetheirlearninglightly,likeGeorgeBernardShawandErnest
Newman,couldbetrustedtoknowwhattheywereabout.Thesemenbelievedinjournalismasa
calling,andwereproudtobepublishedinthedailypress.―Sofewauthorshavebrainsenougho
literarygiftenoughtokeeptheirownendupinjournalism,‖Newmanwrote,―thatIamtemp
2/13
todefine?
journalism‘as?
atermofcontemptappliedbywriterswhoarenotreadtowriterswho
are.‘‖
Unfortunately,thesecriticsarevirtuallyforgotten.NevilleCardus,whowroteforthe
ManchesterGuardianfrom1917untilshortlybeforehisdeathin1975,isnowknownsolelyasa
writerofessaysonthegameofcricket.Duringhislifetime,though,hewasalsooneofEngland
foremostclassical-musiccritics,astylistsowidelyadmiredthathisAutobiography(1947)
becameabest-seller.Hewasknightedin1967,thefirstmusiccritictobesohonored.Yetonly
oneofhisbooksisnowinprint,andhisvastbodyofwritingsonmusicisunknownsaveto
specialists.
IsthereanychancethatCardus‘scriticismwillenjoyaTrheevipvraols?
pectseemsremote.
Journalistictasteshadchangedlongbeforehisdeath,andpostmodernreadershavelittleusefor
therichlyupholsteredVicwardianproseinwhichhespecialized.Moreover,theamateurtradition
inmusiccriticismhasbeeninheadlongretreat.
21.ItisindicatedinParagraphs1and2that
[A]artscriticismhasdisappearedfrombig-citynewspapers.
[B]English-languagenewspapersusedtocarrymoreartsreviews.
[C]high-qualitynewspapersretainalargebodyofreaders.
[D]youngreadersdoubtthesuitabilityofcriticismondailies.
22.NewspaperreviewsinEnglandbeforeWorldWarIIwerecharacterizedby
[A]freethemes.[B]casualstyle.[C]elaboratelayout.[D]radicalviewpoints.
23.WhichofthefollowingwouldShawandNewmanmostprobablyagreeon?
[A]Itiswriters'
dutytofulfilljournalisticgoals
[B]Itiscontemptibleforwriterstobejournalists.
[C]Writersarelikelytobetemptedintojournalism.
[D]Notallwritersarecapableofjournalisticwriting.
24.WhatcanbelearnedaboutCardusaccordingtothelasttwoparagraphs?
[A]Hismusiccriticismmaynotappealtoreaderstoday.
[B]Hisreputationasamusiccritichaslongbeenindispute.
[C]Hisstylecaterslargelytomodernspecialists.
[D]Hiswritingsfailtofollowtheamateurtradition.
25.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?
[A]NewspapersoftheGoodOldDays[B]TheLostHorizoninNewspapers
[C]MournfulDeclineofJournalism[D]ProminentCriticsinMemory
Text2
3/13
Overthepastdecade,thousandsofpatentshavebeengrantedforwhatarecalledbusiness
methods.Amazonreceivedoneforits"
one-click"
onlinepaymentsystem.MerrillLynchgot
legalprotectionforanassetallocationstrategy.Oneinventorpatentedatechniqueforliftinga
box.
Nowthenation'
stoppatentcourtappearscompletelyreadytoscalebackon
business-methodpatents,whichhavebeencontroversialeversincetheywerefirstauthorized10
yearsago.Inamovethathasintellectual-propertylawyersabuzztheU.S.courtofAppealsforthe
federalcircuitsaiditwoulduseaparticularcasetoconductabroadreviewofbusiness-method
patents.InreBilski,asthecaseisknown,is"
averybigdeal"
saysDennisD.Crouchofthe
UniversityofMissouriSchooloflaw.It"
hasthepotentialtoeliminateanentireclassofpatents."
Curbsonbusiness-methodclaimswouldbeadramaticabout-face,becauseitwasthefederal
circuititselfthatintroducedsuchpatentswithis1998decisionintheso-calledstateStreetBank
case,approvingapatentonawayofpoolingmutual-fundassets.Thatrulingproducedan
explosioninbusiness-methodpatentfilings,initiallybyemerginginternetcompaniestryingto
stakeoutexclusiverightstospecifictypesofonlinetransactions.Later,moveestablished
companiesracedtoaddsuchpatentstotheirfiles,ifonlyasadefensivemoveagainstrivalsthat
mightbeatthemtothepunch.In2005,IBMnotedinacourtfilingthatithadbeenissuedmore
than300business-methodpatentsdespitethefactthatitquestionedthelegalbasisforgranting
them.Similarly,someWallStreetinvestmentfilmsarmedthemselveswithpatentsforfinancial
products,evenastheytookpositionsincourtcasesopposingthepractice.
TheBilskicaseinvolvesaclaimedpatentonamethodforhedgingriskintheenergymarket.
TheFederalcircuitissuedanunusualorderstatingthatthecasewouldbeheardbyall12ofthe
court'
sjudges,ratherthanatypicalpanelofthree,andthatoneissueitwantstoevaluateis
whetheritshould"
reconsider"
itsstatestreetBankruling.
TheFederalCircuit'
sactioncomesinthewakeofaseriesofrecentdecisionsbythesupreme
Courtthathasnarrowedthescopeofprotectionsforpatentholders.LastApril,forexamplethe
justicessignaledthattoomanypatentswerebeingupheldfor"
inventions"
thatareobvious.The
judgesontheFederalcircuitare"
reactingtotheanti-patenttrendattheSupremeCourt"
says
HaroldC.Wegner,apatentattorneyandprofessoratGeorgeWashingtonUniversityLawSchool.
26.Business-methodpatentshaverecentlyarousedconcernbecauseof
[A]theirlimitedvaluetobusiness[B]theirconnectionwithassetallocation
[C]thepossiblerestrictionontheirgranting[D]thecontroversyoverauthorization
27.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheBilskicase?
[A]Itsrulingcomplieswiththecourtdecisions
[B]Itinvolvesaverybigbusinesstransaction
4/13
[C]IthasbeendismissedbytheFederalCircuit
[D]ItmaychangethelegalpracticesintheU.S.
28.Theword"
about-face"
(Line1,Para3)mostprobablymeans
[A]lossofgoodwill[B]increaseofhostility
[C]changeofattitude[D]enhancementofdignity
29.Welearnfromthelasttwoparagraphsthatbusiness-methodpatents
[A]areimmunetolegalchallenges[B]areoftenunnecessarilyissued
[C]lowertheesteemforpatentholders[D]increasetheincidenceofrisks
30.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethesubjectofthetext?
[A]Aloomingthreattobusiness-methodpatents
[B]Protectionforbusiness-methodpatentholders
[C]Alegalcaseregardingbusiness-methodpatents
[D]Aprevailingtrendagainstbusiness-methodpatents
Text3
InhisbookTheTippingPoint,MalcolmGladwellarguesthatsocialepidemicsaredrivenin
largepartbytheactingofatinyminorityofspecialindividuals,oftencalledinfluentials,whoare
unusuallyinformed,persuasive,orwell-connected.Theideaisintuitivelycompelling,butit
doesn'
texplainhowideasactuallyspread.
Thesupposedimportanceofinfluentialsderivesfromaplausiblesoundingbutlargely
untestedtheorycalledthe"
twostepflowofcommunication"
:
Informationflowsfromthemedia
totheinfluentialsandfromthemtoeveryoneelse.Marketershaveembracedthetwo-stepflow
becauseitsuggeststhatiftheycanjustfindandinfluencetheinfluentials,thoseselectedpeople
willdomostoftheworkforthem.Thetheoryalsoseemst
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