12Unit9TheDamnedHumanRaceWord文档格式.docx

12Unit9TheDamnedHumanRaceWord文档格式.docx

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allegiance;

ascent;

atrocious;

avaricious;

brood;

conjecture;

degenerate;

descent;

disposition;

exterminate;

gory;

mutilation;

oblige;

rabid;

scruple;

wantonly

GrammarFocus:

Studyandlearnhowsuchcontrastexpressionsasand,but,compared

PartFourLanguageStudy

4.1PhrasesandExpressions

4.1.1Wordlist:

4.1.2Phrasesandexpressionslist:

4.1.3WordBuilding

4.2Grammar

4.2.1Object

PartFiveExtension

5.1Groupdiscussion

八、教学方法和措施

本单元将运用黑板、粉笔、多媒体网络辅助教学设备等教学手段，主要采用以学生为主体、教师为主导的任务型、合作型等教学模式，具体运用教师讲授法、师生讨论、生生讨论等方法进行教学。

九．作业，讨论题，思考题

完成课后练习；

多看英语报刊杂志及英语经典小说，扩大阅读量；

精听与泛听相结合，逐步提高自己的听力水平；

积极参加英语角等有助于提高英语口语的活动；

坚持用英语写日记；

做一些专四相关练习；

十．参考资料：

1）杨立民主编,《现代大学英语精读》（4）第二版，学生用书。

北京：

外语教学与研究出版社,2012。

2）杨立民主编,《现代大学英语精读》（4）第二版，教师用书。

3）李观仪主编，《新编英语教程》（第三、四册）。

上海:

上海外语教学研究出版,1999。

4）黄源深，虞苏美等主编，《综合英语教程》（1-4册）。

高等教育出版社，1998。

5）《高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲》，北京：

外语教学研究出版社，2000。

6）JudyPearsall主编，《新牛津英语词典》。

上海：

上海外语教育出版社，1998。

7）丁往道、吴冰等编著，《英语写作手册》。

外语教学与研究出版社。

8）张道真，《现代英语用法词典》（重排本）。

外语教学与研究出版社，1994。

9）张道真，温志达,《英语语法大全》上、下卷。

外语教学与研究出版社，1998。

十一、课后小结

Unit9TheDamnedHumanRace

PartOneWarm–up

1.1Warm-upQuestions

1.DoyouhaveanyideawhyMarkTwainbecamemoreandmorebitterinhislateryears?

Doyouagreethatitwaslargelyduetohispersonalmisfortunes?

Howwouldyoudescribethisessay?

Seriousandmatter-of-fact?

Scientificallydetachedandobjective?

Hilariouslyhumorous?

Bitterlysatirical?

Orwhat?

2.Whatisthemainideaofthisessay?

Doyouthinkthesubjectofhumannaturestilldeservesourcloseattentiontoday?

IsTwain’scondemnationofhumanbeingsinlinewiththeDarwiniantheoryofevolution?

Howdoestheauthorcometodoubtthis?

Isthattheresultofscientificexperiment?

IsMarkTwainseriouswhenhesaysthathehasdonemanymonthsofpainstakingandfatiguingworkintheLondonZoologicalGarden?

Whatkindofeffectdoyouthinkhehopestoachievewiththismockseriousness?

3.DoyoutakeMarkTwain’sviewsseriously?

WhydoyouthinkTwainwrotethisessay?

Doeshehaveanyseriouspurposeotherthanamusinghisreaders?

1.2Definethefollowingwordsandphrases

1.sport

2.loose

3.grace

4.confined

5.occasion

6.prior

7.unhumanly

8.distinction

9.subjectsth/sbtosth

10.havenotscrupledtodosth

11.cheatsboutofsth

PartTwoBackgroundInformation

2.1Abouttheauthor:

MarkTwain（1835---1910）wasbornSamuelLanghorneClementsinFlorida,Missouri,butlivedasachildinHannibal,Missouri,ontheMississippiRiver.HetookthepennameMarkTwainfromthecallofthepilotsontheriversteamers,whichindicatedthatthewaterwastwelvefeetdeep,asafedepthforasteamer.Duringhisearlyyears,heworkedasariverboatpilot,newspaperreporter,printer,andgoldprospector.Butthenheturnedtowriting,andbecameoneofthegreatestofAmericanwriters.

2.2Hismasterpiece:

InnocentsAbroad1869

TheAdventuresofTomSawyer1876

TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn1885

LifeontheMississippi1883

ThePrinceandthePauper1882

2.3Hiswritingstyle:

hilariouslyhumorous

bitterlysatirical

2.4Aboutthestory:

Theauthorwritesaboutuglyhumantraitsanddispositions.Inhisopinion,humanbeingsarenotascendedfromtheloweranimalsbutdescendedfromthehigheranimals.

PartThreeTextAppreciation

3.1TextAnalysis

1.Questionsforthinking:

a.Howdoestheauthorcontrasthumanbeingswithotheranimals?

Whatspecifichumantraitsanddispositionsdoeshecondemn?

Howwouldyoudescribetheimageofhumanbeingsintheauthor’swriting?

Andwhatargumentsdoestheauthorgivetosupporthisviews?

b.Whydoeshesaythatmanisthecruelanimal?

Whatexamplesdoeshegivetoillustratethepoint?

DoyouagreewithTwainthathumanbeingsarecruelwhereastigers,wolves,andanacondasarenot?

3.1.2Structureofthetext

I.Introduction 

:

Topicandcredibilityoftheauthor’sresearch（paras.1-3）

A.Topic 

Thedescentofmanfromthehigheranimals（para.1）

B.Credibility 

Theuseofscientificmethodandauthenticinstitutionwheretheexperimentswereconducted（para.2）

C.Acharacteristicexampleofhisexperiments（para.3）

II.Findingsaboutmanasagainsthigheranimals（paras.4-17）

A.Man’sgreed（para.4）

B.Man’simmorality（paras.5-8）

C.Man’scruelty（para.9）

D.Man’sinclinationforwars（paras.10-11）

E.Man’spositionofenslavingandbeingenslaved（para.12）

F.Man’shypocrisy（paras.13-15）

G.Man’sinabilitytolearntolivetogetherpeacefully（paras.16-17）

III.Conclusion 

Restatementofthethesis（para.18）

Logic&

Technique

Themainbodyisarrangedaccordinglytothevarioustraitsanddispositionsofhumanbeingsascontrastedtothe“higheranimals.”However,inthesecondhalf,theauthorbeginstoadoptapolemictone.Heseemstobearguingwithpeoplewhobelieveinman’ssuperiority.NoticehowMarkTwainachieveshumor.Hetalkstongueincheekthroughouttheessay,usinghighlyexaggeratedandformalwordsandexpressionsasappropriatefortheacademicwritinghepretendstheessaytobe.Headoptsapompousstyleverydifferentfromtheusualcolloquialvernacularheisfamousfor,toridiculethosecriticswhosayMarkTwainlackspropereducation.

Relevantquestions:

1.Howisthisessayorganized?

Whatdevicesdoestheauthorusetomakethearticleinteresting?

Whatdoyouhavetosayaboutthedictionofthisessay?

MarkTwainisgenerallyknownforhisskilfuluseofthevernacular.Wouldyouconsiderthisessayagoodexample?

Isthisarticlewritteninacolloquialandinformalway?

Howwouldyouexplainhisadoptionofthisstyle?

2.DoyouagreewithMarkTwain?

Ifyouweretowriteinresponsetothisessaytoexpresssomedifferentopinions,whatwouldyousay?

3.1.3DetailedAnalysisofthetext

PartI:

MainIdea

Thisslightlyabridgedessayisorganizedlikeapapertoreportresultsofascientificexperiment.Ithasathesisstatementatthebeginningandabriefsumming-upattheend.Themainbodyisarrangedaccordingtothevariousstraitsanddispositionofhumanbeingsascontrastedtothe“higheranimals”.Howeverinthesecondpartofthebodytheauthorbeginstouseapolemictone.Heseemstobearguingwithpeoplewhobelieveinman’ssuperioritybecausetheycanreason,havemoralprinciplesandreligion,andlovetheirneighborsandcountry.

PartII:

Discussion

1.Howdoestheauthorcontrasthumanbeingswithotheranimals?

2.Whydoeshesaythatmanisthecruelanimal?

Conclusionofthetext:

ItiswrongtothinkthatMarkTwainispessimisticorcynical.Heisneither.Behindallthebitternessisawarmandhumanheart.MarkTwaindoesnotreallybelievethathumanbeingsareincurablycruel,greedyandwicked.Otherwisehewouldnothavebotheredtowritethoseessays.Hewritesaboutuglyhumantraitsanddispositionspreciselybecausehethinkshumanbeingsarecapableofmendingtheirwaysiftheycanopentheireyestotheirownweaknessesandunderstandtheconditionsthatgiverisetothemandnurturethem.Inotherwords,hispolicyistofrighteninordertoenlighten.

3.3SentenceParaphrase

1. 

Ihavebeenstudyingthetraitsanddispositionsofthe“loweranimals”,andcontrastingthemwiththetraitsanddispositionsofman.Ifindtheresulthumiliatingtome.

Ihavebeenstudyingthecharacteristicsoftheso-calledloweranimalsincomparisonwiththoseofman.Theresultofthisstudymakesme,asaman,feelterriblyashamed.

traitsanddispositions:

characteristics;

features;

nature;

qualities;

personalities

humiliating:

makingmefeelashamed;

embarrassing;

mortifying

Noticethetongue-in-cheekwaytheauthorexpresseshisideas.Hemakesitsoundasifhewereconductingandreportingontheresultofascientificinvestigation.Inotherwords,heisdeliberatelyusingapompousstyletoachievehumor.

2. 

ForitobligesmetorenouncemyallegiancetotheDarwiniantheoryoftheAscentofManfromtheLowerAnimalsandtonameittheDescentofManfromtheHigherAnimals.

Becausetheresultofmystudyforcesmetogiveup（toabandon）myloyaltyto（firmbeliefin）Darwin’stheoryofevolutionandtochangethetheoryoftheAscentofManfromtheLowerAnimalstothetheoryoftheDescentofManfromtheHigherAnimals.

toobligesbtodosth:

toforcesbtodosth;

tomakeitnecessaryforsbtodosth

torenounce:

toabandonorgiveup;

torejectordisown

allegiance:

loyalty,esp.toanationoracause

3.Thatistosay,Ihavesubjectedeverypostulatethatpresenteditselftothecrucialtestofactualexperiment.

Inotherwords,Ihaveputeverytheoryorhypothesisthereistothedecisivetestofactualexperiment.

tosubjectsht/sbtosth:

tocausesb/sthtoundergoorexperiencesthunpleasantordifficultandoftenforalongtime,e.g.

Theyweresubjectedtoverycrueltortures.

Thedesertificationsubjectedpeoplelivinginthatareatogreathardships.

postulate:

（fml）assumption;

theory;

hypothesis

thatpresenteditself:

thathappensorexists,e.g.

whentheopportunitypresentsitselfyoumustseizeitatonce.

4.Italsoseemedtosuggestthattheearlwasdescendedfromtheanaconda,andhadlostagooddealinthetransition.

Italsoseemedtoshowthattheearlcamef