语言学 全部习题+答案Word文档格式.docx
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语言学 全部习题+答案Word文档格式.docx
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12.Theaffix“-ish”intheword‘boyish’conveysag____meaning.
13.B___________morphemesarethosethatcannotbeusedindependentlybuthavetobecombinedwithothermorphemes,eitherfreeorbound,toformaword.
14.Affixesareoftwotypes:
inflectionalaffixesandd__________affixes.
15.D________affixesareaddedtoanexistingformtocreatewords.
16.As______isaddedtotheendofstemstomodifythemeaningoftheoriginalwordanditmaycasechangeitspartofspeech.
17.C__________isthecombinationoftwoorsometimesmorethantwowordstocreatenewwords.
18.Therulesthatgovernwhichaffixcanbeaddedtowhattypeofstemtoformanewwordarecalledm___________rules.
19.Intermsofmorphemicanalysis,d_______________canbeviewedastheadditionofaffixestostemstoformnewwords.
20.As______canbeaboundroot,afreemorpheme,oraderivedformitselftowhichaderivationalaffixcanbeadded.
III.Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement:
21Themorpheme“vision”inthecommonword“television”isa(n)______.
A.boundmorpheme
B.boundform
C.inflectionalmorpheme
D.freemorpheme
22.Thecompoundword“bookstore”istheplacewherebooksaresold.Thisindicatesthatthemeaningofacompound__________.
A.isthesumtotalofthemeaningofitscomponents
B.canalwaysbeworkedoutbylookingatthemeaningsofmorphemes
C.isthesameasthemeaningofafreephrase
D.Noneoftheabove
23.Thepartofspeechofthecompoundsisgenerallydeterminedbythepartofspeechof__________.
A.thefirstelement
B.thesecondelement
C.eitherthefirstorthesecondelement
D.boththefirstandthesecondelements
24._______arethosethatcannotbeusedindependentlybuthavetobecombinedwithothermorphemes,eitherfreeorbound,toformaword.
A.Freemorphemes
B.Boundmorphemes
C.Boundwords
D.Words
25._________isabranchofgrammarwhichstudiestheinternalstructureofwordsandtherulesbywhichwordsareformed.
A.Syntax
B.Grammar
C.Morphology
D.Morpheme
26.Themeaningcarriedbytheinflectionalmorphemeis_______.
A.lexical
B.morphemic
C.grammatical
D.semantic
27.Boundmorphemesarethosethat___________.
A.havetobeusedindependently
B.cannotbecombinedwithothermorphemes
C.caneitherbefreeorbound
D.havetobecombinedwithothermorphemes
28.____modifythemeaningofthestem,butusuallydonotchangethepartofspeechoftheoriginalword.
A.Prefixes
B.Suffixes
C.Roots
D.Affixes
29._________areoftenthoughttobethesmallestmeaningfulunitsoflanguagebythelinguists.
A.Words
B.Morphemes
C.Phonemes
D.Sentences
30.“-s”intheword“books”is _______.
A.aderivativeaffix
B.astem
C.aninflectionalaffix
D.aroot
IV.Definethefollowingterms:
31.morphology
32.inflectionalmorphology
33.derivationalmorphology
34.morpheme
35.freemorpheme
36.boundmorpheme
37.root
38.affix
39.prefix
40.suffix
41.derivation
42.Compounding
V.Answerthefollowingquestions:
43.WhatarethemainfeaturesoftheEnglishcompounds?
44.Discussthetypesofmorphemeswithexamples.
SuggestedAnswers
I.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueorFalse.
l.T
2.F
3.T
4.T
5.T
6.T
7.T
8.F
9.F
10.T
II.Fillineachblankbelowwithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven.
11.Morpheme
12.grammatical
13.Bound
14.derivative
15.Derivative
16.suffix
17.Compounding
18.morphological
19.derivation
20.stem
III.Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement.
2l.D
22.D
23.B
24.B
25.C
26.C
27.D
28.A
29.B
30.C
IV.Definethefollowingterms.
31.Morphology:
Morphologyisabranchofgrammarwhichstudiestheinternalstructureofwordsandtherulesbywhichwordsareformed.
32.Inflectionalmorphology:
Theinflectionalmorphologystudiestheinflections
33.Derivationalmorphology:
Derivationalmorphologyisthestudyofword-formation.
34.Morpheme:
Itisthesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguage.
35.Freemorpheme:
Freemorphemesarethemorphemeswhichareindependentunitsofmeaningandcanbeusedfreelyallbythemselvesorincombinationwithothermorphemes.
36.Boundmorpheme:
Boundmorphemesarethemorphemeswhichcannotbeusedindependentlybuthavetobecombinedwithothermorphemes,eitherfreeorbound,toformaword.
37.Root:
Arootisoftenseenaspartofaword;
itcanneverstandbyitselfalthoughitbearsclear,definitemeaning;
itmustbecombinedwithanotherrootoranaffixtoformaword.
38.Affix:
Affixesareoftwotypes:
inflectionalandderivational.Inflectionalaffixesmanifestvariousgrammaticalrelationsorgrammaticalcategories,whilederivationalaffixesareaddedtoanexistingformtocreateaword.
39.Prefix:
Prefixesoccuratthebeginningofaword.Prefixesmodifythemeaningofthestem,buttheyusuallydonotchangethepartofspeechoftheoriginalword.
40.Suffix:
Suffixesareaddedtotheendofthestems;
theymodifythemeaningoftheoriginalwordandinmanycaseschangeitspartofspeech.
41.Derivation:
Derivationisaprocessofwordformationbywhichderivativeaffixesareaddedtoanexistingformtocreateaword.
42.Compounding:
Compoundingcanbeviewedasthecombinationoftwoorsometimesmorethantwowordstocreatenewwords.
V.Answerthefollowingquestions.
Orthographicallyacompoundcanbewrittenasoneword,twoseparatewordswithorwithoutahypheninbetween.Syntactically,thepartofspeechofacompoundisdeterminedbythelastelement.Semantically,themeaningofacompoundisidiomatic,notcalculablefromthemeaningsofallitscomponents.Phonetically,thewordstressofacompoundusuallyfallsonthefirstelement.
Freemorphemes:
Theyaretheindependentunitsofmeaningandcanbeusedfreelyallbythemselves,forexample,“book-”intheword“bookish”.
Boundmorphemes:
Theyarethosethatcannotbeusedindependentlybuthavetobecombinedwithothermorphemes,eitherfreeorbound,toformawordsuchas“-ish”in“bookish”.Boundmorphemescanbesubdividedintorootsandaffixes.Arootisseenaspartofaword;
itcanneverstandbyitselfalthoughithasaclearanddefinitemeaning,suchas“gene-”intheword“generate”.Affixesareoftwotypes:
inflectionalandderivational.Inflectionalmorphemesmanifestvariousgrammaticalrelationsorgrammaticalcategoriessuchas“-s”intheword“books”toindicatepluralityofnouns.Derivationalaffixesareaddedtoanexistingformtocreateawordsuchas“mis-”intheword“misinform”.Derivationalaffixescanalsobedividedintoprefixesandsuffixes.Prefixesoccuratthebeginningofawordsuchas“dis-”intheword“dislike”,whilesuffixesoccurattheendofawordsuchas“-less”intheword“friendless”.
UnitISomePreliminariesaboutLanguage
I.Decidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse:
1.Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.
2.Ascientificstudyoflanguageisbasedonwhatthelinguistthinks.
3.Generallinguisticsisgenerallythestudyoflanguageasawhole
4.Phoneticsisdifferentfromphonologyinthatthelatterstudiesthecombinationsofthesoundstoconveymeaningincommunication.
5.Thestudyofthewaysinwhichmorphemescanbecombinedtoformwordsiscalledmorphology.
6.Appliedlinguisticsistheapplicationoflinguisticprinciplesandtheoriestolanguageteachingandlearning
7Competenceandperformancereferrespectivelytoalanguageuser’sunderlyingknowledgeaboutthesystemofrulesandtheactualuseoflanguageinconcrete
8Languageisameansofverbalcommunication.Therefore,thecommunicationwayusedbythedeaf-muteisnotlanguage
9Bydiachronicstudywemeantostudythechangesanddevelopmentoflanguage
10languagechangeisuniversal,ongoingandarbitrary
11.Thereisuniversalagreementabouttheoriginoflanguage.
12.Petdogscanspeakhumanlanguages.
13.Allh
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