英语国家的社会的与文化的入门 课后题解答.docx
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英语国家的社会的与文化的入门 课后题解答.docx
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英语国家的社会的与文化的入门课后题解答
Book1Unit1
1.WhatwastheBritishEmpire?
Whatdoyouknowaboutit?
Inwhatwayisthe“Empire〞stillfeltinBritainandintheinternationalfield?
TheBritishEmpireprisedthedominions,colonies,protectorates,mandates,andotherterritoriesruledoradministeredbytheUnitedKingdom,thathadoriginatedwiththeoverseascoloniesandtradingpostsestablishedbyEnglandinthelate16thandearly17thcenturies.
Intheinternationalfield,Britainhasgreatvoiceinpolitics,economyandcultureandsoon.
2.
WhyimpossibletosumupBritishpeoplewithafewsimplephrases:
TheUKismadeupofdifferentelements.Itincludes4partswithintheonenation-state.Itisnowamultiracialsocietywithdifferentreligionbelieves.Itisdividedeconomicallyanditisasocietywithaclass-structure.Andwithineachofthefourcountriestherearedifferentregions.Sincethiscountrywassoplicatedbothinhistoryorhumanity,itisimpossibletosumuptheirpeople.
3.
Ahistoryofinvasions:
(1)Beforethe1stcenturyADBritainwasmadeupoftribalkindomsofCelticpeople.TheybroughtthecentralEuropenculturetoBritain.Thenin43AD,RomanEmpireinvadedBritainandcontrolleditforslavesocietybutalsodisseminatedtheirCatholicism.
(2)However,inthe5thcentury,theRomanEmpirerapidlywanedinpowerandBritainwasconqueredbytheAnglesandtheSaxons.InordertodefendtheSaxons,agreatleader—KingArthurappeared.Hecreatedthe"roundtable"tosatisfyalltheknights'requirementofhavingequalprecedence.ThusitgraduallyformedthemonarchyinBritainasamoredemocraticsystem.WhetherArthur'sarealpersoninthehistoryornot,Anglo-SaxonsdidsucceedininvadingBritainandtheyweretheforefathersoftheEnglish.(3)Inthe8thcentury,theVikingsfromDenmarkcontrolledthenothernandeasternEngland.AAnglo-Saxonherio,kingAlfredtheGreatfoughtagainstthevikingswiththetrulyEnglish.Andthat'swhythere'sacertainculturaldifferencebetweennorthernersandsouthernersinEngland(4)Later,theNomansfromnorthernFrance,undertheleadingofWilliamofNormandy,killedthekingandWilliambecametheFristofEngland.TheyimportedarullingclassthatFrench-speakingNormanaristocracyrulledSaxonandEnglish-speakingpopulation.Inthiscondition,thereweren'talotofrebellionsamongtheEnglishpeople.ThatdirectlyformedanEnglishuniquecharacter:
arichlyunconventionalinteriorlifehiddenbyanexternalconformity.Eventoday,wecanstillfindthispersonalityfromtheBritishpeoplethroughtheirlifestyles.
Howdidtheyinfluenceculture:
[接着上边一起看]
(2)alotofstoriesofKingArthur,whichbroughtalotofsingers,poets,novelistsandfilmmakers.Placesassociatedwithhislegend.RoundtablewasweenasanindicatorofthewayinwhichtheEnglishhavewishedtoseetheirmonarchassomethingotherthanaremotedictator.(3)anglo-saxoninvadersweretheforefathersoftheEnglish.ByVikings'settlementstheEnlishheroesweretrulyEnglish.Thereremainstothisdayacertainculturaldividebetweennorthernersandsouthernersinengland.(4)NormanaristocracyrulingalargelySaxonandEnglish-speakingpopulation.thelegendofRobinHood.
4.
GeneralcharacteristicofScotland:
Scotlandisthesecondlargestofthefournations,bothinpopulationandingeographicalarea.Itisalsothemostconfidentofitsownidentitybecausealoneamongstthenon-EnglishponentsoftheUKithaspreviouslyspentasubstantialperiodofhistoryasaunifiedstateindependentoftheUK.
(1)rugged.
(2)notconqueredbytheRomans(3)maintainitsseparatepoliticalidentityformorethanahundredyears.(4)eagerforindependence.
HowScotlandbecamepartoftheunionofGreatBritain:
in1707byagreementoftheEnglishandScottishparliaments,ScotlandjoinedtheUnion.In1745therewasabrutalmilitaryresponsefromtheBritisharmy.TherebelarmywasdestroyedatthebattleofCullodeninnorthernScotland.
5.
DescribeWalesandtheunificationwithBritain:
(1)waleswasanimportantelementinBritain'sindustrialrevolution,asithadrichcoaldeposits.Itissuccessfulinattractinginvestmentfromabroad.WaleshasbeendominatedbyEnglandforlongerthantheothernationsoftheunion.Despitethisnearnessandlong-standingpoliticalintegrationWalesretainsapowerfulsenseofitsdifferencefromEngland.
(2)WaleshasbeendominatedbyEnglandforlongerthantheothernationsoftheunion.Despitethisnearnessandlong-standingpoliticalintegrationWalesretainsapowerfulsenseofitsdifferencefromEngland.In1536,waleswasbroughtlegally,administratively,andpoliticallyintotheUKbyanactoftheBritishparliament.Thiscloselong-standingrelationshipmeansthatmodernwaleslackssomeoftheoutwardsignsofdifferencewhichScotlandpossesses---itslegalsystem
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