1993年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题和解析Word文件下载.docx
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1993年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题和解析Word文件下载.docx
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3.[A]spend[B]require[C]settle[D]retain
4.[A]so[B]as[C]thus[D]such
5.[A]some[B]any[C]this[D]each
6.[A]amused[B]interested[C]shocked[D]frightened
7.[A]like[B]for[C]at[D]into
8.[A]correct[B]proper[C]right[D]suitable
9.[A]care[B]concern[C]attention[D]intention
10.[A]circumstance[B]environment[C]surroundings[D]space
11.[A]too[B]quite[C]a[D]far
12.[A]their[B]its[C]those[D]that
13.[A]painted[B]covered[C]ornamented[D]decorated
14.[A]solutions[B]conclusions[C]decisions[D]determinations
15.[A]For[B]In[C]As[D]with
SectionⅡReadingComprehension
Passage1
Islanguage,likefood,abasichumanneedwithoutwhichachildatacriticalperiodoflifecanbestarvedanddamaged?
JudgingfromthedrasticexperimentofFrederickⅠinthethirteenthcentury,itmaybe.Hopingtodiscoverwhatlanguageachildwouldspeakifheheardnomothertongue,hetoldthenursestokeepsilent.
Alltheinfantsdiedbeforethefirstyear.Butclearlytherewasmorethanlackoflanguagehere.Whatwasmissingwasgoodmothering.Withoutgoodmothering,inthefirstyearoflifeespecially,thecapacitytosurviveisseriouslyaffected.
TodaynosuchseverelackexistsasthatorderedbyFrederick.Nevertheless,somechildrenarestillbackwardinspeaking.Mostoftenthereasonforthisisthatthemotherisinsensitivetothesignalsoftheinfant,whosebrainisprogrammedtolearnlanguagerapidly.Ifthesesensitiveperiodsareneglected,theidealtimeforacquiringskillspassesandtheymightneverbelearnedsoeasilyagain.Abirdlearnstosingandtoflyrapidlyattherighttime,buttheprocessisslowandhardoncethecriticalstagehaspassed.
Expertssuggestthatspeechstagesarereachedinafixedsequenceandataconstantage,buttherearecaseswherespeechhasstartedlateinachildwhoeventuallyturnsouttobeofhighIQ.Attwelveweeksababysmilesandmakesvowel-likesounds;
attwelvemonthshecanspeaksimplewordsandunderstandsimplecommands;
ateighteenmonthshehasavocabularyofthreetofiftywords.Atthreeheknowsaboutl,000wordswhichhecanputintosentences,andatfourhislanguagediffersfromthatofhisparentsinstyleratherthangrammar.
Recentevidencesuggeststhataninfantisbornwiththecapacitytospeak.Whatisspecialaboutman’sbrain,comparedwiththatofthemonkey,isthecomplexsystemwhichenablesachildtoconnectthesightandfeelof,say,atoy-bearwiththesoundpattern“toy-bear”.Andevenmoreincredibleistheyoungbrain’sabilitytopickoutanorderinlanguagefromthemixtureofsoundaroundhim,toanalyze,tocombineandrecombinethepartsofalanguageinnewways.
Butspeechhastobeinduced,andthisdependsoninteractionbetweenthemotherandthechild,wherethemotherrecognizesthesignalsinthechild’sbabbling(咿呀学语),graspingandsmiling,andrespondstothem.Insensitivityofthemothertothesesignalsdullstheinteractionbecausethechildgetsdiscouragedandsendsoutonlytheobvioussignals.Sensitivitytothechild’snon-verbalsignalsisessentialtothegrowthanddevelopmentoflanguage.
16.ThepurposeofFrederickⅠ’sexperimentwas__
[A]toprovethatchildrenarebornwiththeabilitytospeak
[B]todiscoverwhatlanguageachildwouldspeakwithouthearinganyhumanspeech
[C]tofindoutwhatrolecarefulnursingwouldplayinteachingachildtospeak
[D]toprovethatachildcouldbedamagedwithoutlearningalanguage
17.Thereasonsomechildrenarebackwardinspeakingismostprobablythat__
[A]theyareincapableoflearninglanguagerapidly
[B]theyareexposedtotoomuchlanguageatonce
[C]theirmothersrespondinadequatelytotheirattemptstospeak
[D]theirmothersarenotintelligentenoughtohelpthem
18.Whatisexceptionallyremarkableaboutachildisthat
[A]heisbornwiththecapacitytospeak
[B]hehasabrainmorecomplexthanananimal’s
[C]hecanproducehisownsentences
[D]heoweshisspeechabilitytogoodnursing
19.WhichofthefollowingcanNOTbeinferredfromthepassage?
[A]Thefacultyofspeechisinborninman.
[B]Encouragementisanythingbutessentialtoachildinlanguagelearning.
[C]Thechild’sbrainishighlyselective.
[D]Mostchildrenlearntheirlanguageindefinitestages.
20.Ifachildstartstospeaklaterthanothers,hewill
[A]haveahighIQ[B]belessintelligent
[C]beinsensitivetoverbalsignals[D]notnecessarilybebackward
Passage2
Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucratic(官僚主义的)managementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,well-ventilatedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand“human-relations”experts;
yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless,thathedoesnotwholeheartedlyparticipateinhisworkandthatheisboredwithit.Infact,theblue-andthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.
Theworkerandemployeeareanxious,notonlybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajob;
theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionorinterestinlife.Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.
Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedortofallbehindisnotamatterofsalarybutevenmoreamatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjob,theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasforthetightmixtureofsubmissivenessandindependence.Fromthatmomentontheyaretestedagainandagainbythepsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytogetalong,etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone’sfellowcompetitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.
AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepre-industrialmodeofproductionortonineteenth-century“freeenterprise”capitalism?
Certainlynot.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities—thoseofloveandofreason—aretheaimsofallsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasmeanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.
21.By“awell-oiledcoginthemachinery”theauthorintendstorendertheideathatmanis
[A]anecessarypartofthesocietythougheachindividual’sfunctionisnegligible
[B]workingincompleteharmonywiththerestofthesociety
[C]anunimportantpartincomparisonwiththerestofthesociety,thoughfunctioningsmoothly
[D]ahumblecomponentofthesociety,especiallywhenworkingsmoothly
22.Therealcauseoftheanxietyoftheworkersandemployeesisthat
[A]theyarelikelytolosetheirjobs
[B]theyhavenogenuinesatisfactionorinterestinlife
[C]theyarefacedwiththefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistence
[D]theyaredeprivedoftheirindividualityandindependence
23.Fromthepassagewecaninferthatrealhappinessoflifebelongstothose
[A]whoareatthebottomofthesociety
[B]whoarehigherupintheirsocialstatus
[C]whoprovebetterthantheirfellow-competitors
[D]whocouldkeepfarawayfromthiscompetitiveworld
24.Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorsuggeststhatweshould
[A]resorttotheproductionmodeofourancestors
[B]offerhigherwagestotheworkersandemployees
[C]enablemantofullydevelophispotentialities
[D]ta
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