英语语法框架-详细总结.docx
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英语语法框架-详细总结.docx
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语法框架
英语语法框架概述
一、词法
Ø数量:
10大类
Ø分类依据:
形式特征、意义、句法作用
词类
定义
例词
实词
Notional
word
名词
Noun
表示事物名称的词
Market,people,water,information
代词
Pronoun
代替名词或名词所有格的词
I,me,we,your,hers,all,nothing
动词
Verb
表示动作或状态的词
Are,do,go,eat
形容词
Adjective
表示人或事物性质特征的词
Young,fast,excellent
副词
Adverb
表示动作、状态、性质的程度的词
Very,well,always
数词
Numeral
表示数目或顺序的词
One,first,thousand
虚词
Empty
word
冠词
Article
名词前,说明名词含义
A,an,the
介词
Proposition
名词或代词之间,表关系
Of,to,after,
连词
Conjunction
连接,“关节”之意
And,but,if
感叹词
Injection
情感态度的词
Oh,ah,well
二、句法
Ø分类方法:
按成分、按类别
1.句子成分
成分
充当词
例句
主语subject——
“谁”“什么”
动作或状态的发出者
名词
人称代词
物主代词
指示代词
疑问代词
不定代词
基数词
序数词
形容词
不定式
动名词
从句
Noun
Personalpronoun
Possessivepronoun
Demonstrativepronoun
Interrogativepronoun
Indefinitepronoun
Cardinalnumeral
Ordinalnumeral
Adjective
Infinitive
Gerund
clause
Thesungivesuslightandheat.
Welovelife.
Yourideaisgood,butmineisbetter.
Thisismyfavoriteteacher.
Whatisthemostimportantthinginyourlife?
Nobodycanstopmestudying.
Twoofyouaremybeststudents.
Thesecondismysister.
Theoldshouldbetakencareofinourcountry.
Totalkiseasierthantodo.
Helpingotherscanbringushappiness.
Whatyoudidisbetterthanwhatyousaid.
谓语predicate——
主语的动作或状态
实意动词
联系动词
Notionalverb
Linkingverb
Weplantoreviewourlessonsinthreemonths.
WeareChinese.
宾语object——
及物动词或及物动词短语的对象或内容
名词
人称代词
反身代词
指示代词
疑问代词
不定代词
物主代词
相互代词
Noun
Personalpronoun
Reflexivepronoun
Demonstrativepronoun
Interrogativepronoun
Infinitivepronoun
Possessivepronoun
Reciprocalpronoun
NowadaysmanyforeignersarelearningChinese.
Hefoolsusall.
Believeinyourself.
Ithankyouwilllikethis.
Whoareyouwaitingfor?
Theygoteverythingtheywant.
Heisanoldfriendsofhers.
Weshouldlearntorespecteachother.
宾语补足语
objectcomplement——
宾语之后,补充说明
形容词
副词
名词
介词短语
不定式
现在分词
过去分词
Adjective
Adverb
Noun
Prepositionalphrase
Infinitive
Presentparticiple
Pastparticiple
Thatnewswillmakemotherhappy.
Letmeshowyouout.
WechoseTomourmonitor.
Jerryfoundhiminastrangeworld.
DonotforcemetodoanythingIdon’tlike.
Don’tkeepmewaitingtoolong.
Theyranawayandlefttheworkunfinished.
表语predictive——
说明主语,“补足语”
形容词
副词
指示代词
疑问代词
不定代词
基数词
序数词
介词短语
不定式
动名词
现在分词
过去分词
从句
Adjective
Adverb
Demonstrativepronoun
Interrogativepronoun
Indefinitepronoun
Cardinalnumeral
Ordinalnumeral
Prepositionalphrase
Infinitive
Gerund
Presentparticiple
Pastparticiple
clause
Themountainsaregreen.
Timeisup.
WhatIwantisthis.
Iwanderwhoyouare.
Itisnothingserious.
Twoplustwoisfour.
Mymotherisalwaysthefirsttogetup.
Thewatchisjustunderthetable.
Myjobistocleantheroad.
Hisbobbyiscollectingstamps.
Theresultisdisappointing.
Wearedisappointedtotheresult.
ThatiswhatIQmeans.
定语attribute——
修饰名词或代词
名词
形容词
副词
物主代词
指示代词
疑问代词
不定代词
基数词
序数词
介词短语
不定式
动名词
现在分词
过去分词
从句
Noun
Adjective
Adverb
Possessivepronoun
Demonstrativepronoun
Interrogativepronoun
Indefinitepronoun
Cardinalnumeral
Ordinalnumeral
Prepositionalphrase
Infinitive
Gerund
Presentparticiple
Pastparticiple
clause
Heworksinacarfactory.
Nowtheworldisjustlikeasmallvillage.
Thenativethereareveryfriendly.
Theirinventionwontheworldprize.
Thesewildplantsarewellprotected.
Whichriveristhelongestintheworld?
Bothhisparentsaredoctors.
Theorganizationcontainseightcountries.
Hewasthefifthplayertoreceivethehonor.
Manysecretsinspaceremainunknown.
SoIhavenothingtosayformyself.
Iboughtawalkingstickformygrandfather.
Tomgotinjuredbyafallingtree.
Theyreachedanoldhousebuilt200yearsago.
Thosewhodrinkwaterwillnotforgetthepeoplewhodigthewell.
状语adverbial——
位置随意,修饰任意
动词、副词、形容词
从句、全句
名词
形容词
副词
不定式
现在分词
过去分词
介词短语
从句
独立主格
Noun
Adjective
Adverb
Infinitive
Presentparticiple
Pastparticiple
Prepositionalphrase
Clause
nominativeabsolutestructure
LiMingisoneyearoldthanI.
Thetravelerscameback,safeandsound.
Thesonoftenwritetohisparents.
Motherwenttobuysomethinginthemarket.
Hestoodup,lookingatthebosscoldly.
Ledbythenatives,wefoundtheoldcastle.
Fromthespacetheastronautsawablueglobe.
Wherethereissmoke,thereisfire.
Weatherpermitting,wewillgofora
同位语appositive——
前名词、代词的具体内容
名词
代词
数词
从句
Noun
Pronoun
Numeral
clause
MissWu,ourEnglishteacher,iskindtous.
TheyeachhaveaPC.
Ihavepreparedanicedinnerforyoutwo.
We’vegotthenewsthatourteamwonthematch.
2.句子类别
Ø分类:
按使用目的、按结构
(1)按使用目的:
陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句
类别
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