fastreading2Word下载.docx
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fastreading2Word下载.docx
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sconsiderthetechnicaloreducationalmaterialmostofusmustreadforourjobs.Ifyouworkinatechnicalfield-andmostbusinessandprofessionalpeopledo-you'
dbetterreadslowlyandcarefully.Almostallbusinessestodayaresubjecttofederalregulationstosomedegree.IfyoumustreadtheFederalRegister,theCodeofFederalRegulations,theOSHAHandbookorothertechnicalmaterialsrelateddirectlytoyourjob,I'
durgeyoutotakeyourtime.Amisreadingcouldbecostlyordamagingtoyourfirm.Ontheotherhand,newspapers,newsmagazinesandotherpublicationsshouldbereadwithsomedegreeofspeed.Here'
swhereageneralknowledgeofspeedreadingtechniquesmightbeuseful.Especiallysincethatisthemostcommontypeofreadingwedo.
Anyonecanimprovetheirreadingefficiently.Todoso,youmustlearnsomebasictechniquesandthenconsciouslyapplythem.Perhapsanexpensivecoursewouldhelpyou,butaninexpensivepaperbackandconcentratedpracticemightprovideasmuchlong-termbenefit.Inanycase,youlosenothingbytryingtheself-helpapproach.
(306words)
1.Fromthepassagewecanknowthattheauthoris_________.
(a)anenthusiasticreaderoffiction
(b)anunenthusiasticreaderoffiction
(c)aspeedreaderoffiction
(d)anindifferentreaderoffiction
2.Hemingway'
swritingismentionedinthepassagetoshowthat_________.
(a)somewritingshouldbereadcarefully
(b)somewritingshouldbereadquickly
(c)onehastounderstandthefullmeaningofawrittenpiece
(d)onedoesn'
thavetounderstandthefullmeaningofawrittenpiece
3.Technicalmaterialsshouldbereadcarefullybecause_________.
(a)theyareusuallydifficulttounderstand
(b)theyarerelatedtofederalregulations
(c)theyareanuncommontypeofreading
(d)amisreadingmaydoharmtoyourwork
4.Onetypeofprintedmaterialtheauthorthinkscanbereadquicklyis________.
(a)abusinessletter
(b)adictionary
(c)anewsmagazine
(d)apoem
5.Theauthoradvisespeopleeagertoimprovetheirreadingspeedto________.
(a)attendanintensivecourse
(b)readacheappaperbackbeforeenrollinginacourse
(c)teachthemselvesbypracticewithacheappaperback
(d)readbooksonbasicspeedreadingtechniques
PassageTwo
Theschoolisacomplexsocialstructure,existinginitsownrightyetsurroundedbyothergroupswhichtosomeextentcontrolandinfluenceit.Individualsinaschoolaresubjecttoavarietyofpressuresbothwithintheschoolandoutsideit.Whataretheseinfluences,andwheredotheyoriginate?
Therearefourmajorelementswhichproduceandreceiveinfluences:
theteacher,thechild,theschoolitselfandtheoutercommunity.Thesefourelementswillinfluenceandbeinfluencedbyeachotheratmanylevelsinavarietyofways.Theteacher,forexample,bringsintotheschoolallhisownhabitsofmind,attitudes,beliefs,values,waysofdoingthingsandseeingtheworldwhichhehasinheritedfromthesocietyinwhichhewasbroughtup.Thesefactorswillinfluencethechildren,theschoolandthecommunityoutside.Thechildbringsintotheschooleverythingwhichhehaslearnedinhisfamily-habits,attitudes,beliefs,etc.-andtheteacherandtheschoolwillrespondtothese.Theschoolitselfisasocialorganizationwithspecialrequirementsofbehaviour,influencedbythegenerallyacceptedvaluesandtraditionsofeducation,builtupovertheyears.Boththechildandtheteachermustadaptthemselvestothese.Theschoolinfluencesthewidercommunityaroundit,bothbyproducingthemanpowerwiththeskillsneededbysociety,andbyshapingthebeliefsandattitudesoftheyoungenteringsociety.Asforthecommunity,itinfluencestheactualorganizationoftheschoolthroughsuchgroupsasgovernors,parent-teacherassociations,administrators,etc.,andinalessformalway,itisrepresentedbythoseworkingintheschool,thechildren,theteachersandservicingstaff.
Withallthesefactorsinmind,itisobviousthatschoolsmaydiffergreatlyaccordingtothenatureofthecommunitywhichtheyserve.Everyareahasitsowngeographical,economicandhistoricalcharacterwhichmaybereflectedintheschool.Forexample,aschoolservingacommunitywhichisdominatedbyonemajorindustrymayneedtoorganizeitselfaccordingtotheexpectationsofjobopportunitieswhichwillbeavailabletothechildrenastheyleavetofindwork.Aschoolinaremoteruralareamaybeslantedinadifferentdirection.Similarly,thepresenceintheneighbourhoodofoneparticularsocialclass,raceorreligionmaybereflectedintheschool.
(396words)
6.Bysaying“theschoolisacomplexsocialstructure,”theauthormeansthat_______.
(a)theschoolexistsinacomplexsociety
(b)theschoolisorganizedinmuchthesamewaythatthesocietyisorganized
(c)theschoolisalwayscontrolledbyinfluentialindividuals
(d)theschoolisalwaysinfluencedbythepeoplewithinandwithout
7.Accordingtotheauthor,theteacher__________.
(a)istheeducatorandwillneverbeinfluencedbythechildren
(b)alwaysrejectsthegenerallyacceptedvaluesandtraditionsofeducation
(c)influencesthechildrenandisinfluencedbythematthesametime
(d)shouldnotbringhisownhabitsofmindandvaluesintotheschool
8.Theschooldoesallthefollowingexcept__________.
(a)helpingchildrenformtheiroutlookandvaluesoflife
(b)teachingchildrenskillsneededinsociety
(c)settingspecialrequirementsofbehavior
(d)producinggroupsofgovernors
9.Thelastsentenceofthesecondparagraphimpliesthatthecommunity_________.
(a)influencestheschoolthroughsocialgroups.
(b)organizesvarioussocialgroups.
(c)representsthepeopleintheschool.
(d)influencestheschoolthroughpeoplebothinsideandoutsidetheschool.
10.Fromthepassagewemaydrawtheconclusionthat_________.
(a)thefourelementsofteninfluencethesocialstructure
(b)thefourelementsarealwaysinseparable
(c)thefourelementsalwaysaffecteachother
(d)thefourelementsdominatethemajorindustryinthecommunity
PassageThree
Youngpeopleshouldhavetherighttocontrolanddirecttheirownlearning,thatis,todecidewhattheywanttolearn,andwhen,where,how,howmuch,howfast,andwithwhathelptheywanttolearnit.Tobestillmorespecific,Iwantthemtohavetherighttodecideif,when,howmuch,andbywhomtheywanttobetaughtandtherighttodecidewhethertheywanttolearninaschoolandifsowhichoneandforhowmuchofthetime.
Nohumanright,excepttherighttolifeitself,ismorefundamentalthanthis.Aperson'
sfreedomoflearningispartofhisfreedomofthought,evenmorebasicthanhisfreedomofspeech.Ifwetakefromsomeonehisrighttodecidewhathewillbecuriousabout,wedestroyhisfreedomofthought.Wesay,ineffect,youmustthinknotaboutwhatinterestsandconcernsyou,butaboutwhatinterestsandconcernsus.
Thisrightofeachofustocontrolourownlearningisnowindanger.Whenweputintoourlawsthehighlyauthoritariannotionthatsomeoneshouldandcoulddecidewhatallyoungpeopleweretolearnandbeyondthat,coulddowhatevermightseemnecessary(whichnowincludesdosingthemwithdrugs)tocompelthemtolearnit,wetookalongstepdownaverysteepanddangerouspath.Therequirementthatachildgotoschool,foraboutsixhoursaday,180daysayear,forabouttenyears,whetherornothelearnsanythingthere,whetherornothealreadyknowsitorcouldlearnitfasterorbettersomewhereelse,issuchagrossviolationofcivillibertiesthatfewadultswouldstandforit.Butthechildwhoresistsistreatedasacriminal.Withthisrequirementwecreatedanindustry,anarmyofpeoplewhosewholeworkwastotellyoungpeoplewhattheyhadtolearnandtotrytomakethemlearnit.Someofthesepeople,wantingtoexerciseevenmorepoweroverothers,ortobeevenmore“helpful,”arenowbeginningtosay,“Ifcompulsoryeducationisgoodforchildren,whywouldn'
titbegoodforeveryone?
Ifitisagoodthing,howcantherebetoomuchofit?
”
Theyarebeginningtotalk,asonemandidonanationwideTVshow,about“womb-to-tomb”schooling.Ifhoursofhomeworkeverynightaregoodfortheyoung,whywouldn'
ttheybegoodforusall-theywouldkeepusawayfromtheTVsetandotherfrivolouspursuits.Somegroupofexperts,somewhere,wouldbegladtodecidewhatwealloughttoknowandthenverysooftencheckuponustomakesureweknewit-with,ofcourse,appropriatepenaltiesifwedidnot.
(481words)
11.Accordingtothepassage,itismostfundamentalthatyoungpeopleshouldhavethefreedomof_______.
(a)speech
(b)thought
(c)learning
(d)curiosity
12.Thepassageimpliesthat_______.
(a)therightofcontrollingone'
sownlearningisnotahumanright
(b)somepeoplearedoingthekindoflearningwhichtheydonotwant
(c)interestplaysani
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