step by step45Word下载.docx
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step by step45Word下载.docx
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Employmentsituation
Peoplegraduatinglastyeargettingjobs/six,sevendifferentpositions
KerenAloya'
sbrotherboom/didwell
Sociologymajorsgraduatingthisyear
nojob/havejoboffersrescinded
Companiesintechsectorslowcollegerecruiting/renegeon
(Intel,Dell,etc.)joboffers
M--MichaelHallkasK--KerenAloya
CChrisPetersonB--BillColeman
M.Irememberpeoplegraduatinglastyearandtheywerealreadygettingjobscomingatthemlikesix,sevendifferentpositionsatonceandnowit'
slikepeoplearescroungingforwhattheycanget.
K.Mybrothergotoutofcollegejustafewyearsago,andthat'
swhentheboomwasstillgoingandhe,hedidprettywell.Ijustkindofimagineditescalatingandgettingeasier,andeasierandeasier.Butnosuchluck.
C.SociologymajorKerenAloyagraduatesfromRutgersthisyearwithafour-yeardegreeandnojob,anunwelcomeandgrowingtrendamongherclassmatesnationwide,someofwhomareevenhavingtheirjoboffersrescinded.
B.Thisyearisalittlebitdifferentforcollegegradsbecausetheeconomyhaschangedandit'
schangeddramaticallyduringthecourseoftherecruitingseason,
C.CompaniesinthebatteredtechsectorlikeCisco.,Intel,andDellhasslowedcollegerecruiting.Theyhavealsorenegedonjoboffersmadetocollegegrads,offeringthesuddenlyun-hiredapologybonusesinstead.
C.Readthefollowingdifficultsentencesandlisten.
1.Soit'
sbeenalittlebitofastrugglefiguringoutwhereIwanttobeandwhatI'
mgoingtobedoing.
2.Urbanareasarejustmagnetsnowforyoungpeople.
3.I'
vebeentoldbysomanypeoplethatyourfirstjoboutofcollegeisveryoften-notajobthatleadsyoutoyourultimatejob.
PartIIUniversitylife
UniversityLife(I)
I.Diversestudentpopulation
A.Age
B.Socioeconomicbackgrounds
C.Racialandethnicminorities
D.Foreignstudentpopulation
II.Undergraduateschool
A.Coursesyllabus
1.Numberofclassespersemester:
5
2.Classtimeperweek.15hrs(+2or3forlab)
3.Classsize
a.Introductoryclass:
+100
b.Discussiongroup:
15--20
c.Languageclass:
muchsmaller
4.Teacher-studentrelationship:
informal,friendly
5.Assignments:
reading+otherwork
6.Preparinghoursforclass:
2--3hrs:
1hr
TodayI'
dliketogiveyousomeideaabouthowlifeatanAmericanuniversityorcollegemightbedifferentfromthewayitisinyourcountry.Tobesure,thestudentbodyonaU.S.campusisaprettydiversegroupofpeople.Firstofall,youwillfindstudentsofallages.Althoughmoststudentsstartcollegeataroundtheageof18,youwillseestudentsintheir30sand40sandevenoccasionallyintheir60sand70s.StudentsonaU.S.campuscomefromawidevarietyofsocioeconomicbackgrounds.Manystudentsworkatleastpart-time,andsomeofthemworkfull-time.Someofthestudentsliveindormitoriesoncampus,somehavetheirownapartmentsusuallywithotherstudents,andothersliveathome.Somecollegesanduniversitieshaveaverydiversestudentpopulationwithmanyracialandethnicminorities.Someschoolshaveafairlylargeforeignstudentpopulation.SoyoucanseethatonemeetsallkindsofpeopleonaU.S.collegeoruniversitycampus.Nowthatyouhavesomegeneralideaofdifferencesinthestudentbodypopulation,I'
dliketotalkafewminutesaboutwhatIthinkanaveragestudentisandthendiscusswithyouwhatatypicalclassmightbelike.
Let'
sbeginmytalkingaboutanaveragestudententeringhisorherfreshmanyear.Ofcourse,suchapersonneverreallyexists,butstillit'
sconvenienttotalkaboutan"
average"
studentforourpurposes.ForeignstudentsareoftensurprisedathowpoorlypreparedAmericanstudentsarewhentheyenterauniversity.Actually,atveryselectschoolsthestudentsareusuallyverywellprepared,butatlessselectiveschools,theymaynotbeaswellpreparedasstudentsinyourcountryare.SchoolsintheStatessimplyadmitalotmorestudentsthanisusualinmostothercountries.Also,mostyoungAmericanuniversitystudentshavenottraveledinothercountriesandarenotverywell-versedininternationalmattersanddonotknowalotaboutpeoplefromothercountries.Foreignstudentsusuallyfindthemfriendlybutnotverywell-informedabout.theircountriesorcultures.
Whatkindofacademicexperienceswillthisso-called"
studenthave?
Theaverageundergraduatestudenttakesfiveclassesasemesterandisinclassabout15hoursaweek.Ifheorshetakesaclassthathasalaboratory,thiswillrequiretwoorthreemorehours.Manyintroductoryundergraduateclassesaregiveninlargelecturesof100ormorestudents.However,manyoftheseclasseswillhavesmalldiscussiongroupsof15to20studentsthatmeetonceaweek.Inthesesmallergroups,ateachingassistantwillleadadiscussiontohelpclarifypointsinthelectures.Otherkindsofclasses-forexample,languageclasses--willbemuchsmallersothatstudentscanpracticelanguage.Ingeneral,Americanprofessorsareinformalandfriendlywiththeirstudents,and,asmuchaspossible,theyexpectandinviteparticipationintheformofdiscussion.Alargeamountofreadingandotherworkisoftenassignedtobedoneoutsideclass,andstudentsareexpectedtotakefullresponsibilityforcompletingtheseassignmentsandaskingquestionsinclassaboutthoseareastheydon'
tunderstand.Asaruleofthumb,studentsspendtwotothreehourspreparingforeachhourtheyspendinclass.Americanprofessorsoftenencouragetheirstudentstovisitthemduringofficehours,especiallyifthestudentsarehavingproblemsintheclass.
B.UniversityLife(II)
B.Studentacademicobligations
1.Assignments
2.Examinations
3.Paper
4.Quizzes
C.Attendancepolicies--regularattendance
III.Graduateschool
A.Students:
highlyqualifiedandhighlymotivated
B.Muchmoreindependentwork
C.Seminars
1.Readingwidelyontopics
2.Preparingforthoroughdiscussion
D.Workingindependentlyinsomeareaofinterestandmakingpresentations
E.Writingaresearchpaper
smoveonnowtodiscussstudentobligationsinatypicalAmericanclass.Theseobligationsareusuallysetdowninthecoursesyllabus.Asyllabusisgenerallyhandedouttostudentsonthefirstorsecondclassmeeting.Agoodsyllabuswillgivethestudentsacourseoutlinethatmentionsallthetopicstobecoveredinclass.Itwillalsocontainalltheassignmentsandthedatestheyshouldbecompletedby.Anaverageuniversitycourseofonesemestermighthavethreeexaminationsortwoexaminationsandapaper.Thedatesoftheexaminationsandwhattheexaminationswillcovershouldbeonthesyllabus.Ifapaperisrequired,thedateitisdueshouldalsobeonthesyllabus.Theprofessormayalsodecidethatheorshewillbegivingquizzesduringthesemester,eitherannouncedorunannounced.Forstudentscomingfromasystemwherethereisoneexaminationineachsubjectattheendoftheyear,allthistestingcanbealittlesurprisingatfirst.Oh,bytheway,maybethiswouldbeagoodplaceformetomentiontheissueofattendance.Anotherrealdifferenceinoursystemisourattendancepolicies.Perhapsyoucomefromasystemwhereattendanceisoptional.Generallyspeaking,Americanprofessorsexpectregularattendanceandmayevengradeyoudownifyouareabsentalot.Allthisinformationshouldbeonyoursyllabus,alongwiththeprofessor'
sofficenumberandofficehours.
Ihaveonlyacoupleofminutesleft,andI'
dliketousethemtotalkabouthowgraduateschoolissomewhatdifferentfromundergraduateschool.Ofcourse,it'
smuchmoredifficulttoentergraduateschool,andmoststudentsarehighlyqualifiedandhighlymotivated.Studentsingraduateschoolareexpectedtodomuchmoreindependentworkthanthoseinundergraduateschool,withregularlyscheduledexams,etc.,someclasseswillbeconductedasseminars.Inaseminarclass,theremaybenoexams,butstudentsareexpectedtoreadratherwidelyontopicsandbepreparedforthoroughdiscussionoftheminclass.Anotherpossibilityingraduateclassesisthatinadditiontoreadingsdonebyallstudents,eachstudentmayalsobeexpectedtoworkindependentlyinsomeareaofinterestandlatermakeapresentationthatsummarizeswhatheorshehaslearned.Usuallyeachstudentthengoesontowriteapaperonwhatheorshehasresearchedtoturnintotheprofessorforagrade.
Ihop
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