专业四级考前恶补阅读完型Word文档下载推荐.docx

专业四级考前恶补阅读完型Word文档下载推荐.docx

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C.nor 

D.never

2. 

A.shiftingB.transferringC.alteringD.transforming

3. 

A.any 

B.someC.anythingD.something

4.A.serious 

B.apparent 

C.severe 

D.fatal

通读全文后可知，这是一篇有关科普知识的短文，一般来说科普知识文章以客观陈述为突出特点，用词比较正式，句子结构比较严密，因此在选择时要在宏观上考虑到这些因素。

比如第四空，从科学常识可知，缺乏任何一种维生素都不至于使疾病严重（serious）、致命（fatal），故应排除选项A和D。

severe（严厉的）不能用来修饰疾病。

因此，选Bapparent既合乎句意，搭配又得当。

另外，完形填空的空格没有任何一个是孤立地存在的，必须把它们放在文章的语言环境中进行逐个推敲，同时利用自己对各种材料描写、陈述内容的了解，作出正确选择。

PART 

Ⅰ

Decidewhichofthechoicesgivenbelowwouldcorrectlycompletethepassageifinsertedinthecorrespondingblanks.MarkthecorrectchoiceforeachblankonyourANSWERSHEET.TheUnitedStatesiswell-knownforitsnetworkofmajorhighwaysdesignedtohelpadrivergetfromoneplacetoanotherintheshortestpossibletime.___1___thesewidemodernroadsaregenerally___2___ 

andwellmaintained,with___3___ 

sharpcurvesandstraightsections,adirectrouteisnotalwaysthemost___4___ 

one.Largehighwaysoftenpass___5___ 

scenicareasandinterestingsmalltowns.Furthermore,thesehighwaysgenerally___6___ 

largeurbancenters,whichmeansthattheybecomecrowdedwith___7___ 

trafficduringrushhours,___8___ 

the“fast,direct”routebecomesaveryslowroute.However,thereisalmostalwaysanotherroutetotake___9___ 

youarenotinahurry.Notfarfromthe___10___ 

new“superhighways”,thereareoftenolder,___11___ 

heavilytraveledroadswhichgothroughthecountryside.___12___ 

ofthesearegoodtwo-laneroads;

othersareunevenroadscurvingthroughthecountry.Thesesecondaryroutesmaygoupsteepslopes,alonghigh___13___,ordownfrighteninghillsidetotowns___14___ 

indeepvalleys.Throughtheselessdirectroutes,longerandslower,theygenerallygotoplaces___15___ 

theairiscleanandsceneryisbeautiful,andthedrivermayhaveachancetogetafresh,cleanviewoftheworld.

1.A.Although 

B.Since 

C.Because 

D.Therefore

2.A.stable 

B.splendid 

C.smooth 

D.complicated

3.A.little 

B.few 

C.much 

D.many

4.A.terribleB.possible 

C.enjoyableD.profitable

5.A.to 

B.into 

C.over 

D.by

6.A.lead 

B.connectC.collect 

D.communicate

7.A.large 

B.fast 

C.high 

D.heavy

8.A.when 

B.for 

C.but 

D.that

9.A.unless 

B.if 

C.as 

D.since

10.A.relatively 

B.regularlyC.respectivelyD.reasonably

11.A.and 

B.less 

C.more 

D.or

12.A.All 

B.SeveralC.Lots 

D.Some

13.A.rocks 

B.cliffs 

C.roadsD.paths

14.A.lying 

B.laying 

C.laid 

D.lied

15.A.thereB.when 

C.whichD.where

Ⅱ

SECTION 

A 

READINGCOMPREHENSION［25MIN.］

Inthissectiontherearefourpassagesfollowedbyfifteenquestionsorunfinishedstatements,eachwithfoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatyouthinkisthecorrectanswer.

MarkyourchoiceonyourANSWERSHEET.

TEXTA

Beforethemid1860’s,theimpactoftherailroadsintheUnitedStateswaslimited,inthesensethatthetracksendedatthisMissouriRiver,approximatelythecenterofthecountry.Atthepointthetrainsturnedtheirfreight,mail,andpassengersovertosteamboats,wagons,andstagecoaches.Thismeantthatwagonfreighting,stagecoaching,andsteamboatingdidnotcometoanendwhenthefirsttrainappeared;

rathertheybecamesupplementsorfeeders.Eachnew“endoftrack”becameacenterforanimaldrawnorwaterbornetransportation.Themajoreffectoftherailroadwastoshortenthedistancethathadtobecoveredbytheolder,slower,andmorecostlymeans.Wagonfreighterscontinuedoperatingthroughoutthe1870’sand1880’sandintothe1890’s.Althoughoverconstantlyshrinkingroutes,andcoachesandwagonscontinuedtocrisscrosstheWestwherevertherailshadnotyetbeenlaid.Thebeginningofamajorchangewasforeshadowedinthelater1860’s,whentheUnionPacificRailroadatlastbegantobuildwestwardfromtheCentralPlainscityofOmahatomeettheCentralPacificRailroadadvancingeastwardfromCaliforniathroughtheformidablebarrieroftheSierraNevada.AlthoughPresidentAbrahamLincolnsignedtheoriginalPacificRailroadbillin1862andarevised,financiallymuchmoregenerousversionin1864,littleconstructionwascompleteduntil1865ontheCentralPacificand1866ontheUnionPacific.TheprimaryreasonwasskepticismthataRailroadbuiltthroughsochallengingandthinlysettledastretchofdesert,mountain,andsemiaridplaincouldpayaprofit.Inthewordsofaneconomist,thiswasacaseof“prematureenterprise”,wherenotonlythecostofconstructionbutalsotheveryhighriskdeterredprivateinvestment.IndiscussingthePacificRailroadbill,thechairofthecongressionalcommitteebluntlystatedthatwithoutgovernmentsubsidynoonewouldundertakesounpromisingaventure;

yetitwasanationalnecessitytolinkEastandWesttogether.

16. 

Theauthorreferstotheimpactofrailroadsbeforethelate1860’sas“limited”because____.

A. 

thetrackdidnottakethedirectroutefromonecitytothenext

B.passengersandfreighthadtotransfertoothermodesoftransportationtoreachwesterndestinations

C.passengerspreferredstagecoaches

D.railroadtravelwasquiteexpensive 

17. 

Whatcanbeinferredaboutcoachesandwagonfreightersastherailroad 

expanded?

Theydevelopedcompetingroutes.

B.Theirdriversrefusedtoworkfortherailroads.

C.Theybegantospecializeinprivateinvestment.

D.Therewereinsufficientnumbersoftrainedpeopletooperatethem. 

18. 

WhydoestheauthormentiontheSierraNevadainline17?

ToarguethatamoredirectroutetotheWestcouldhavebeentaken.

B.ToidentifyahistoricallysignificantmountainrangeintheWest.

C.Topointoutthelocationofaserioustrainaccident.

D.Togiveanexampleofanobstaclefacedbythecentralpacific. 

19. 

Theword“subsidy”inline27isclosestinmeaningto 

_____.

A.persuasionB.financingC.explanationD.penalty

TEXTB

Certainlynocreatureintheseaisodderthanthecommonseacucumber.Alllivingcreature,especiallyhumanbeings,havetheirpeculiarities,buteverythingaboutthelittleseacucumberseemsunusual.Whatelsecanbesaidaboutabizarreanimalthat,amongothereccentricities,eatsmud,feedsalmostcontinuouslydayandnightbutcanlivewithouteatingforlongperiods,andcanbepoisonousbutisconsideredsupremelyediblebygourmets?

Forsomefiftymillionyears,despiteallitseccentricities,theseacucumberhassubsistedonitsdietofmud.Itisadaptableenoughtoliveattachedtorocksbyitstubefeet,underrocksinshallowwater,oronthesurfaceofmudflats.CommonincoolwateronbothAtlanticandPacificshores,ithastheabilitytosuckupmudorsandanddigestwhatevernutrientsarepresent.Seacucumberscomeinavarietyofcolors,rangingfromblacktoreddishbrowntosandcolorandnearlywhite.Oneformevenhasvividpurpletentacles.Usuallythecreaturesarecucumbershaped—hencetheirname—andbecausetheyaretypicallyrockinhabitants,thisshape,combinedwithflexibility,enablesthemtosqueezeintocreviceswheretheyaresafefrompredatorsandoceancurrents.Althoughtheyhavevoraciousappetites,eatingdayandnight,seacucumbershavethecapacitytobecomequiescentandliveatalowmetabolicrate—feedingsparinglyornotatallforlongperiods,sothatthemarineorganismsthatprovidetheirfoodhaveachancetomultiply.Ifitwerenotforthisfaculty,theywoulddevourallthefoodavailableinashorttimeandwouldprobablystarvethemselvesoutofexistence.Butthemostspectacularthingabouttheseacucumberisthewayitdefendsitself.Itsmajorenemiesarefishandcrabs,whenattacked,itsquirtsallitsinternalorgansintowater.Italsocastsoffattachedstructuressuchastentacles.Theseacucumberwilleviscerateandregenerateitselfifitisattackedoreventouched;

itwilldothesameifthesurroundingwatertemperatureistoohighorifthewaterbecomestoopolluted.

20. 

Accordingtothepassage,whyistheshapeofseacucumbersimportant?

A.Ithelpsthemtodigesttheirfood.

B.Ithelpsthemtoprotectthemselvesfromdanger.

C.Itmakesiteasierforthemtomovethroughthemud.

D.Itmakesthemattractivetofish.

21. 

Thefourthparagraphofthepassageprimarilydiscusses____.

A.thereproductionofseacucumbers

B.thefoodsourcesofseacucumbers

C.theeatinghabitsofseacucumbers

D.threatstoseacucumbers’existence

22. 

Whatcanbeinferredaboutthedefencemechanismsoftheseacucumber?

A.Theyareverysensitivetosurroundingstimuli.

B.Theyarealmostuseless.

C.Theyrequiregroupcooperation.

D.Theyaresimilartothoseofmostseacreatures.

23. 

WhichofthefollowingwouldNOTcauseaseacucumbertoreleaseits

internal 

organsintothewater?