中医英语常用语Word格式文档下载.docx
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中医英语常用语Word格式文档下载.docx
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5.以功效命名的方剂译式为:
功效+剂型名,如“温脾汤”可译为Spleen-WarmingDecoction或DecoctionforWarmingtheSpleen。
6.以服药时间命名的方剂译式为:
时间+剂型名,如“鸡鸣散”可译为Rooster-CrowingPowder,“鸡苏散”可译为Rooster-WakingPowder。
7.以主药加功效命名的方剂译式为:
主药+剂型名+for+功效,如“朱砂安神丸”可译为Cinnabaris(或Cinnabar)DecoctionforTranquilizingtheMind,“黄连解毒汤”可译为RhizomaCoptidis(或Coptis)DecoctioinforRelievingToxin。
8.以颜色命名的方剂译式为:
颜色+剂型名,如“桃花汤”可译为PeachBlossomDecoction,“紫雪丹”可译为Purple-SnowBolus。
9.以加减方式命名的方剂译式为:
君药+剂型名+plus(加)或minus(减)+加上或减去的药物名称,如“桂枝加(减)芍药汤”可译为RamulusCinnamoni(或CinnamonTwig)DecoctionPlusRadixPaeoniae(或Peony)。
10.以方中所含诸药数加功效命名的方剂译式为:
所含诸药数+剂型名+for+功效,如“五味消毒饮”可译为Five-IngredientDecoctionforEliminatingToxin。
(三)中医方剂常见剂型及其翻译
中医方剂剂型比较多,现就其主要种类与译法分述如下:
1.汤剂:
Decoction
2.散剂:
Powder
3.丸剂:
可译为Bolus(大丸药)、Pellet(小丸药)或Pill
(1)蜜丸:
HoneyedBolus
(2)水丸:
WaterPellet
(3)糊丸:
PastePill
(4)浓缩丸:
CondensedPellet
4.膏剂:
Paste,Ointment,Plaster,Salve
(1)流浸膏:
LiquidExtract
(2)浸膏:
Extract
(3)煎膏:
DecoctedPaste
(4)软膏:
Ointment,Paste
(5)硬膏:
Plaster
5.丹剂:
与丸剂同,只因多用精练药品或贵重药品制成,所以称丹不称丸。
6.酒剂:
Vinum
7.茶剂:
MedicinalTea
8.药露:
Syrup
9.锭剂:
Lozenge,Pastille,Troche
10.糖浆剂:
Syrup
11.片剂:
Tablet
12.冲服剂:
Granule
13.针剂:
Injection
14.栓剂:
Suppository
15.胶囊剂:
Capsule
(二)中药药性的翻译
1.Amongthesematerials,flowers,herbsandtreesaretheonesmostfrequentlyused,thatiswhyChinesemateriamedicaiscalledChinesemedicinalherbs.
在这些药物中,大多数是、草和树木,所以中药又称为中草药。
2.TheChinesemedicinalherbsarecharacterizedbyfourproperties(cold,heat,warmandcool)andfivetastes(sour,bitter,sweet,acridorpungent-spicyandsalty).
中草药具有寒、热、温、凉四种不同的药性(即四气)和酸、苦、甘、辛、咸五种不同的味道(即五味)。
3.Herbssuchaspreparedaconiteroot(Fuzi),whichrelievecoldsyndromes,arecharacterizedaswarmorhot.
象附子这样能解除寒证的草药性属温热。
4.Whenthetasteisnotobvious,itisknownasblandortasteless.
味道不明显的草药为淡味或无味。
5.Also,someherbsarecharacterizedasastringent.
还有一些药物具有收涩的作用。
6.Herbsthathaveadispersingfunctionarepungent-spicy.
辛味之药具有宣散作用。
7.Herbsmaybecold,slightlycoldandverycold;
bitter,slightlybitterandverybitter;
etc.
药物或者为寒、微寒和大寒;
或者为苦、微苦和苦甚。
8.Thefunctionaltendenciesofherbsaremarkedbyascending,descending,floatingandsinking.
药物的作用趋势为升降沉浮。
9.Herbsthatascendandfloatmoveupwardandoutward;
theypromotesweating,raiseyang,causevomitingandopentheorifices.
具有升浮作用的药物有发汗、升阳、涌吐和开窍的功效。
10.Herbsthatdescendandsinkmovedownwardandinward,conductqidownward,promoteurinationanddefecation,subdueyangandcalmthemind.
具有降沉作用的药物有行气、通便、潜阳和安神的功效
11.Inaddition,processingandpreparationmaychangethetasteandpropertyoftheherbandinfluenceitsfunctionaltendencies.
另外,炮制有可能改变药物的性味和影响药物的作用趋向。
12.Aherbmayselectivelyactuponaparticularpartofthebodytorelievepathogenicchangeinspecificmeridiansandorgans.
一个药物可以有选择性地作用于人体的某一特定部位以消除某一经络或器官的病变。
13.Themeridiansthataherbentersdependonthecorrespondingsymptomsrelieved.
一个药物归于何经取决于它所祛除之症状。
14.IntheChineseMateriaMedica,thewords“toxic,nontoxic,verytoxicorslightlytoxic”oftenappear.
在《中华本草》一书中,“有毒、无毒、有大毒或有小毒”等词经常出现。
15.Nooverdoseoftoxicherbsshouldbegivenasthismayleadtosideeffects.
使用有毒的药物时不要多量,以免带来副作用。
(三)中医治则的翻译方法
1.Diaphoresis,alsoknownasexterior-relievingmethod,isatherapeuticmethodusedtoopenthemuscularintersticesandrelieveexteriorsyndromewiththeherbsforrelievingtheexteriorandinducingsweating.
汗法,也叫解表法,是运用解表发汗的方药,开泄肌腠,解除表证的一种治疗方法。
2.Italsocanbeusedtotreatedemaseriousabovethewaist,earlystageofcarbuncleandulceraswellasinhibitederuptionofmeasleswiththesamemanifestationsmentionedabove.
本法也可以用以治疗水肿病腰以上肿甚、疮疡病初起,以及麻疹透发不畅等具有上述证候者。
3.Diaphoresisiseitherinducedbyherbsacridintasteandwarminnatureorbyherbsacridintasteandcoolinnature.
汗法有辛温发汗和辛凉发汗之分。
4.themethodofnourishingyintoinducesweating
滋阴发汗
5.thetherapyofsupportingyangtoinducesweating
助阳发汗
6.Emesisisatherapeuticmethodusedtodirectpathogenicfactorsortoxicmaterialstobevomitedoutthroughthemouth.
吐法是引导病邪或有毒物质,使之从口涌吐而出的一种治疗方法。
7.Emetictherapyisusuallyusedtotreatstheniasyndromewithurgencytovomitoutthingsretainedinside.
吐法常用以治疗病情急迫而必须迅速吐出积滞的实证。
8.Purgationisatherapeuticmethodusedtodischargefeces,eliminateretentionofsubstanceandfluidinsidethebodyandrelieveaccumulationofsthenia-heatwiththeprescriptionsandherbseffectiveforcatharsis.
下法是运用具有泻下作用的方药,通过泻下大便,攻逐体内结滞和积水,并解除实热蕴结的一种治疗方法。
9.Mediationisatherapeuticmethodusedforeliminatingpathogenicfactorsandsupportinghealthyqi.
和法是祛除病邪扶助正气的一种治疗方法。
10.Thistherapyisusedtotreatavarietyofsyndromes,suchasshaoyangsyndromemarkedbyalternativechillsandfeverinthesemi-exteriorandsemi-interiorphase;
irregularmenstruationduetodisharmonybetweentheliverandstomachandstagnationofliverqi;
abdominalpainanddiarrheaduetohyperactivityoftheliverandastheniaofthespleen.
这一疗法应用范围广,如往来寒热于半表半里的少阳证,肝胃不和、肝气郁结所致的月经不调,以及肝旺脾虚的腹痛、泻泄等。
11.Clinicallymediationisdividedintofourtypes:
mediatingshaoyang,relaxingtheliverandharmonizingthestomach,regulatingtheliverandspleen,andregulatingtheintestinesandstomach.
临床上和法分为四种:
和解少阳,适用于邪在半表半里之间的少阳证;
舒肝和胃,适用于肝气犯胃,胃失和降;
调和肝脾,适用于肝脾失调;
调和肠胃,适用于邪在肠胃,寒热互见。
12.Warmingtherapy,alsoknownascold-eliminatingtherapy,isatherapeuticmethodusedtoeliminatepathogeniccoldandinvigorateyangqiwiththeprescriptionsandherbswarmandhotinnature.
温法,也叫祛寒法,是运用性质温热的方药,以祛除寒邪和补益阳气的一种治疗方法。
13.Clinicallywarmingtherapyisdividedintothreetypes:
warmingthemiddletoeliminatecold,resolvingphlegmandretentionoffluidbywarmingandrestoringyangtorescuecollapse.
临床上温法分为三类:
温中祛寒、温化痰饮、回阳救逆。
14.Warmingtherapyalsoincludessuchtherapeuticmethodsaswarmingthelungtoresolvefluidretention,warmingthekidneytopromotewatermetabolism,warmingmeridiansandtheliverandwarmingthestomachtoregulateqi.
温法还包括温肺化饮、温肾利水、温经暖肝、温胃利气等。
15.Heat-clearingtherapyisatherapeuticmethodusedtoclearawayheatbymeansofreducingfire,removingtoxinandcoolingbloodwiththeprescriptionsandherbscoldandcoolinnature.
清法是运用性质寒凉的方药,通过泻火、解毒、凉血等作用,以清除热邪的一种治疗方法。
16.Heat-clearingtherapyisclinicallydividedintofourtypes:
clearingawayheattoreducefire,clearingawayheattoremovetoxin,clearingawayheatatyingphasetocoolblood,andnourishingyintoclearawayheat.
临床上清法分为四类:
清热泻火、清热解毒、清营凉血、养阴清热。
17.Resolutionisatherapeuticmethodusedtoremovetheretentionoffoodandeliminatestagnationwithherbseffectiveforpromotingdigestion.
消法是运用助消化、导食滞的方药,以消积导滞的一种治疗方法。
18.Clinicallyresolutionisdividedintothreetypes:
promotingdigestiontoeliminatefoodretention,removingmassandresolvingaccumulationandregulatingqitoresolvestasis.
临床上消法分为三类:
消食导滞、消痞化积、行气消瘀。
19.Otherresolvingtherapiesincluderesolvingphlegmtoremovefluidretention,resolvingwatertosubsideswellingandsofteninghardnesstoresolvestagnation.
消法还包括消痰化饮、消水散肿及软坚散结。
20.Invigoratingtherapyisatherapeuticmethodusedtotreatastheniaandweaknessbymeansofsupplementingessence,bloodandbodyfluidwiththeprescriptionsandherbseffectivefortonifyingandreinforcingthebody.
补法是运用滋养强壮作用的方药,以补充精、血、津液等物质,消除虚弱证候的一种疗法。
21.Clinicallyinvigoratingtherapyisdividedintofourtypes:
invigoratingqi,tonifyingblood,invigoratingyin,invigoratingyang.
临床上补法分为五类:
补气、补血、补阴、补阳。
(四)病机病症翻译
1.Pathogenesisreferstothemechanisminvolvedintheoccurrence,developmentandchangesofdisease.
病机即疾病发生、发展与变化的机理。
2.Suchacombatbetweenhealthyqiandpathogenicfactorsdamagestherelativeequilibriumbetweenyinandyanginthebody,orleadstodysfunctionofthevisceraandmeridians,orresultsindisturbanceofqiandblood,whichconsequentlybringonvariouslocalorgeneralpathologicalchanges.
正邪相争破坏了人体阴阳的相对平衡,或使脏腑、经络功能失调,或使气血功能紊乱,从而产生全身或局部的多种多样的病理变化。
3.Althoughdiseasesarevariousandclinicalmanifestationsarecomplicated,thepathogenesis,ingeneral,involvesnomorethansuchfactorsassuperabundanceordeclinebetweenhealthyqiandpathogenicfactors,imbalancebetweenyinandyang,disorderofqiandbloodaswellasdysfunctionofthevisceraandmeridians.
尽管疾病的种类繁多,临床征象错综复杂,但总离不开邪正盛衰、阴阳失调、气血失常、经络和脏腑功能紊乱等病机变化的一般规律。
4.Inthiscasethehealthyqiisdifficulttolaunchanintensestruggleagainstpathogenicfactorsandeventuallyleadstoanastheniasyndrome.
在这种情况下,正气难以有力抗击邪气,引起虚证。
5.Theclinicalmanifestationsofastheniasyndromearespiritualandphysicallassitude,lusterlesscomplexion,palpitationandshortnessofbreath,spontaneoussweating,nightsweating,orfeverishsensationoverfivecenters(palms,solesandchest),oraversiontocoldandcoldlimbsandweakpulse,etc.
虚证的临床表现是神疲体倦、面容憔悴,心悸气短,自汗,盗汗,五心烦热,畏寒肢冷,脉虚无力等。
6.Undersuchacondition,theconflictbetweenhealthyqiandpathogenicfactorsisintenseandbringsonastheniasyndrome.
在这种情况下,邪正之争激烈,导致实证。
7.Theclinicalmanifestationsofstheniasyndromeareprofusephlegm,indigestion,accumulationoffluidanddampness,interiorretentionofbloodstasis,highfever,mania,highandcoarsevoice,unpalpableabdominalpain,constipation,dysuriaandpowerf
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