职称英语理工类A真题及答案完整版Word下载.docx
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职称英语理工类A真题及答案完整版Word下载.docx
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A.senseB.talentC.flavorD.taste
3.Mostpeoplefind
rejection
hardtoaccept.
A.excuseB.clientC.refusalD.destiny
4.Theorganizationwas
bold
enoughtofacethepress.
A.pleasedB.powerfulC.braveD.sensible
5.Theywerelockedin
mortal
combat.
A.deadlyB.openC.actualD.active
6.Wewereattractedbythe
lure
ofquickmoney.
A.amountB.supplyC.temptD.sum
7.Theprocedureswereperceivedascomplexandless
transparent.
A.clearB.necessaryC.specialD.correct
8.TheStockExchangeisin
turmoil
followingahugewaveofselling.
A.ServiceB.dangerC.disorderD.threat
9.HebelievesthatEuropemustchangeoritwill
perish.
A.surviveB.lastC.dieD.move
10.Therewasa
simultaneous
trialtakingplaceinthenextbuild.
A.fairB.fullC.coexistingD.public
11.Theypromote
assimilation
ofethnicgroupsintothemain-streamculture.
A.policyB.valueC.equalityD.integration
12.Asalesman’s
cardinal
ruleistosatisfycustomers.
A.principalB.officialC.simpleD.legal
13.Imust
compliment
youonyourhandlingofaverydifficultsituation
A.silenceB.praiseC.assureD.complain
14.Welivedforyearsina
perpetual
stateoffear
A.emotionalB.nervousC.terribleD.Continuous
15.Thestarvingchildrenwerea
pathetic
sight.
A.commonB.unexpectedC.unforgettableD.pitiful
第2部分:
阅读判断(第16~22题,每题l分,共7分)
下面的短文后列出了7个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断:
如果该句提供的是正确信息,请选择A;
如果该句提供的是错误信息,请选择B;
如果该句的信息文中没有提及,请选择C。
LackofOxygenDelayedtheRiseofAnimalsonEarth
Scientistshavelongspeculatedastowhyanimalspeciesdidn’tflourishsooner,oncesufficientoxygencoveredtheEarth’ssurface.AnimalsbegantoprosperattheendoftheProterozoicperiod,about800millionyearsago—butwhataboutthebillion-yearstretchbeforethat,whenmostresearchersthinktherealsowasplentyofoxygen?
Well,itseemstheairwasn’tsogreatthen,afterall.
InastudypublishedOct.31inScience,YaleresearcherNoahPlanavskyandhiscolleaguesfoundthatoxygenlevelsduringthe“boringbillion”periodwereonly0.1%ofwhattheyaretoday.Inotherwords,Earth’satmospherecouldn’thavesupportedadiversityofcreatures,nomatterwhatgeneticadvancementswerepoisedtooccur.
“Thereisnoquestionthatgeneticandecologicalinnovationmustultimatelybebehindtheriseofanimals,butitisequallyunavoidablethatanimalsneedacertainlevelofoxygen,”saidPlanavsky,co-leadauthoroftheresearchalongwithChristopherReinhardoftheGeorgiaInstituteofTechnology.“We’reprovidingthefirstevidencethatoxygenlevelswerelowenoughduringthisperiodtopotentiallypreventtheriseofanimals.”
Thescientistsfoundtheirevidencebyanalyzingchromium(Cr)isotopesinancientsedimentsfromChina,Australia,Canada,andtheUnitedStates.ChromiumisfoundintheEarth’scontinentalcrust,andchromiumoxidationisdirectlylinkedtothepresenceoffreeoxygenintheatmosphere.
Specifically,theteamstudiedsamplesdepositedinshallow,iron-richoceanareas,neartheshore.Theycomparedtheirdatawithothersamplestakenfromyoungerlocalesknowntohavehigherlevelsofoxygen.
Oxygen’sroleincontrollingthefirstappearanceofanimalshaslongvexedscientists.“Weweremissingtherightapproachuntilnow,”Planavskysaid.“Chromiumgaveustheproxy.”Previousestimatesputtheoxygenlevelat40%oftoday’sconditionsduringpre-animaltimes,leavingopenthepossibilitythatoxygenwasalreadyplentifulenoughtosupportanimallife.
Inthenewstudy,theresearchersacknowledgedthatoxygenlevelswere“highlydynamic”intheearlyatmosphere,withthepotentialforoccasionalspikes.However,theysaid,“Itseemsclearthatthereisafirst-orderdifferenceinthenatureofEarthsurfaceCrcycling”beforeandaftertheriseofanimals.
“Ifweareright,ourresultswillreallychangehowpeopleviewtheoriginsofanimalsandothercomplexlife,andtheirrelationshipstotheco-evolvingenvironment,”saidco-authorTimLyonsoftheUniversityofCalifornia-Riverside.“Thiscouldbeagamechanger.”
“There’salotofinterestrightnowinabroaderdiscussionsurroundingtherolethatenvironmentalstabilityplayedintheevolutionofcomplexlife,andwethinkourresultsareasignificantcontributiontothat,”Reinhardsaid.
16.ThestudydiscoveredtheriseofanimalsoccurredearlierthantheProterozoicperiod.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
17.Manyresearchersbelievetheoxygenlevelwashighduringpre-animaltimes.
18.Theteamwasfundedbyseveralresearchinstitutes.
19.Geneticadvancementstriggeredtheriseofanimals.
20.Thesamplesstudiedintheresearchwerecollectedinoceanareas.
21.ThestudyrevealedthatchromiumfoundinEarth’scontinentalcrustremainedstablebeforeandaftertheriseofanimals.
22.TimLyonslikedtoplaycomputergamesinhissparetime.
第3部分:
概括大意与完成句子(第23—30题,每题1分,共8分)
下面的短文后有2项测试任务:
(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2~5段每段选择1个最佳标题;
(2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
FirstImage-recognitionSoftware
1.DartmouthresearchersandtheircolleagueshavecreatedanartificialintelligencesoftwarethatusesphotostolocatedocumentsontheInternetwithfargreateraccuracythaneverbefore.
2.Thenewsystem,whichwastestedonphotosandisnowbeingappliedtovideos,showsforthefirsttimethatamachinelearningalgorithm(运算法则)forimagerecognitionandretrievalisaccurateandefficientenoughtoimprovelarge-scaledocumentsearchesonline.Thesystemusespixel(像素)datainimagesandpotentiallyvideo—ratherthanjusttext—tolocatedocuments.Itlearnstorecognizethepixelsassociatedwithasearchphrasebystudyingtheresultsfromtext-basedimagesearchengines.Theknowledgegleaned(收集)fromthoseresultscanthenbeappliedtootherphotoswithouttagsorcaptions(图片说明),makingformoreaccuratedocumentsearchresults.
3."
Overthelast30years,"
saysAssociateProfessorLorenzoTorresani,aco-authorofthestudy,"
theWebhasevolvedfromasmallcollectionofmostlytextdocumentstoamodern,massive,fast-growingmultimediadataset,wherenearlyeverypageincludesmultiplepicturesorvideos.WhenapersonlooksataWebpage,heimmediatelygetsthegist(主旨)ofitbylookingatthepicturesinit.Yet,surprisingly,allexistingpopularsearchengines,suchasGoogleorBing,stripawaytheinformationcontainedinthephotosanduseexclusivelythetextofWebpagestoperformthedocumentretrieval.Ourstudyisthefirsttoshowthatmodernmachinevisionsystemsareaccurateandefficientenoughtomakeeffectiveuseoftheinformationcontainedinimagepixelstoimprovedocumentsearch."
4.Theresearchersdesignedandtestedamachinevisionsystem—atypeofartificialintelligencethatallowscomputerstolearnwithoutbeingexplicitlyprogrammed—thatextractssemantic(语义的)informationfromthepixelsofphotosinWebpages.ThisinformationisusedtoenrichthedescriptionoftheHTMLpageusedbysearchenginesfordocumentretrieval.Theresearcherstestedtheirapproachusingmorethan600searchqueries(查询)onadatabaseof50millionWebpages.Theyselectedthetext-retrievalsearchenginewiththebestperformanceandmodifiedittomakeuseoftheadditionalsemanticinformationextractedbytheirmethodfromthepicturesoftheWebpages.Theyfoundthatthisproduceda30percentimprovementinprecisionovertheoriginalsearchenginepurelybasedontext.
23.Paragraph1____
24.Paragraph2____
25.Paragraph3____
26.Paragraph4____
A.Functionofthenewsystem
B.Improvementindocumentretrieval
C.Publicationofthenewdiscovery
D.Problemsoftheexistingsearchengines
E.Popularityofthenewsystem
F.Artificialintelligencesoftwarecreated
27.Thenewsystemdoesdocumentretrievalby____.
28.Thenewsystemisexpectedtoimproveprecisionin____.
29.Whenperformingdocumentretrievaltheexistingsearchenginesignore____
30.Thenewsystemwasfoundmoreeffectiveindocumentsearchthanthe____
A.usingphotos
B.descriptionoftheHTMLpage
C.currentpopularsearchengines
D.documentsearch
E.informationinimages
F.machinevisionsystems
第4部分:
阅读理解(第31—45题,每题3分,共45分)
下面有3篇短文,每篇短文后有5道题。
请根据短文内容,为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇FaceMasksMayNotProtectfromSuper-Flu
IFasuper-flustrikes,facemasksmaynotprotectyou.Whetherwidespreaduseofmaskswillhelp,orharm,duringthenextworldwidefluoutbreakisaquestionthatresearchersarestudyingfuriously.Noresultshavecomefromtheirmaskresearchyet.However,thegovernmentsayspeopleshouldconsiderwearingthemincertainsituationsanyway,justincase.
Butit’saquestionthepublickeepsaskingwhilethegovernmentaremakingpreparationsforthenextflupandemic.SotheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention(CDC)cameupwithpreliminaryguidelines.“Wedon’twantpeoplewearingthemeverywhere,”saidtheCDC.“Theoverallrecommendationreallyistoavoidexposure.”
Whenthat’snotpossible,theguidelinessaytoconsiderwearingasimplesurgicalmaskifyouareinoneofthethreefollowingsituations.First,you’reheal
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