跨文化交际期末复习Word文档格式.docx
- 文档编号:18512576
- 上传时间:2022-12-18
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:11
- 大小:21.65KB
跨文化交际期末复习Word文档格式.docx
《跨文化交际期末复习Word文档格式.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《跨文化交际期末复习Word文档格式.docx(11页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
2.Whatarethethreeaspectswheretheculturaldifferencesexist?
(选择)
1)verbaldifference;
language,thoughtpatterns
2)Non-verbalcommunication;
body-language,timeconcept,spaciouslanguage,paralanguage…
3)values;
worldviews,beliefs,attitudes…
Unit1后半
Culture
Culturecanbeseenassharedknowledge,whatpeopleneedtoknowinordertoactappropriatelyinagivenculture
Enculturation文化习得
Theprocessoflearningone’sownculture
Acculturation文化适应
Adaptthecultureslearningbytheothercultures
Ps:
文化习得,文化适应需要对比
Ethnocentrism文化中心主义
Thinkyourcultureissuperiortotheothers
Whatarethethreeingreduentsofculture?
Products,behaviors,andideas.
Howtounderstandculturaliceberg?
Culturelikeanicebergcanbedividedintotwoparts:
cultureabovethewaterlineandculturebelowthewaterline.Cultureabovethewaterlineisexplicit,visible,tangible,easytochangewithtime,atipoftheiceberg.Culturebelowthewaterlineisimplicit,invisible,intangible,hardtochangewithtime,themajority
Whatarethecharacteristicofculture?
Cultureisdynamic,shared,learned,ethnocentric(文化中心主义)
Unit2
Source发出信息的人
Personwhosendoutinformation
Encoding编码
Theprocessofputtingyourthoughtsintosymbols
Message
Encodedthoughts
Channel渠道
Thewaythemessageisdelivered
Decoding解码
Assignameaningtothewords
Receiver
Personwhoattendstotheinformation
Context内容
Thephysicalenvironmentthatsurroundus
Whatarethethreecharacteristicsofcommunication?
(简答/选择)
Communicationistransactional(互换性),dynamic,irreversible,symbolic,systematicandcontextual.
Whatarethethreebasicaspectstocommunication?
Andonwhichaspectdoesthesuccessof
interpretationcommunicationgreatlydependon?
Ourindividualpersonality,thecultureweoperatein,thephysicalenvironmentthatsurroundsus.
Dependonthecultureweoperatein.
Unit2后半
VerbalInterculturalCommunication非言语行为
Peoplefromdifferentculturalbackgroundscommunicatewithotherpeoplethroughlanguage
Pragmatics语言学
Thestudyoftheeffectthatlanguagehasonhumanperceptions(感知)andbehavior
Shortanswerquestion
1.HowisChineseaddressingdifferentfromAmericanaddressing?
InChinese,thesurnameisputbeforethegivenname.
InAmerican,viceversa,thenameorder.
Inrecentyears,manyEnglish-speakingpeopletendtoaddressothersbytheirgivennames,evenwhenmeetingforthefirsttime.ButinChinese,wetendtoaddresseachotherwiththefullname.
AnothercommonChineseformofaddressistheuseofaperson’stitleoffice,orprofession
Therefore,onecanconcludethattheChinesecustomsofaddressingmemberswiththekinshipterms(亲戚关系)evennotrelatedbybloodormarriage
2.Whoshouldbeintroducedfirstinthewest?
Thesenior,thefemale,theguest
3.HowisChinesehospitalitydifferentfromAmericanhospitality?
A:
InChina,aguestusuallyobservestheprincipleofavoidingbringingtroubletothehost.
InAmerican,incontrast,itisthehostwhotriestoavoidinterferinginguests’freedomofactionbyleavingroomforthegueststomakechoices.
B:
TheChinesehostusuallygoestotroubletomakesurethereissomethingleftafterthemeal;
the“wastefulness”ofthispracticehasbeencriticizedinAmerican,andsomeadvocateorderingmoresensiblequantities.
PS:
1.appropriatetopicsi.eJimSmith—UncleJim
2.responsetocomplaint
3.makeapology
Unit3
Aculturalassumption文化定式
AculturalassumptionIswhenweassumethatapersonhasparticularvaluesandattitudesbasedontheirculturalbackgrounds.
HowwouldAmericansmisunderstandtheChineseresponsestothecompliments?
1.Inthefirstcase,theimplicationwasthatthepraisorhadpoorjudgement
2.Thepraisorwasnotsincere
3.TheChinesewouldbesuspectedof“fishingforcompliments”
WhyaretheChinesereluctanttopayacompliment?
1.ThesamecomplimentwasgivenbyaChinesemantoaChinesewoman,thecomplimentcanbe.takenasakindofflirtation(调戏)
2..Peoplearecautiousaboutdrawingalinebetweencomplimentandflattery.
3.Apositivesubtleformofrequest.
(重要)HowistheChinesedifferentfromAmericansinexpressinggratitude?
1.Chinesepeopledon'
tusuallysay"
thankyou"
tothosewhoareverycloseandwhoareinalowerposition.ThankyouisverycommoninAmerican,sotheytendtothankpeoplealldaylongregardlessofrelationship
2.TraditionalChinesecustomsdon'
trequirepeopletoexpressthanksforthesmallfavors
TheAmericanswouldthankyouallthewayforverysmallandmostordinarythings.
Unit4
Semantics语意学
Thestudyofthemeaningofwords
Denotation本义
Theliteral(字面意义)meaningordefinitionofaword-theexplict,particular,definedmeaning
Connotation延伸义
Extendedmeaningofassociatedmeanings,thesuggestive(隐含)meaning.
Taboo禁忌语
Somewords,objectsoractionsthatyoushouldavoidinacertainculture.
Euphemism委婉语
Theactofsubstitutingamild,indirectorvaguetermforoneconsideredharsh,blunt,oroffensive
Whatarethe4majorverbaldifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglish?
1.Aterminonelanguagedoesn’tnecessarilyhaveacounterpart(对等的人事物)intheotherlanguage.
2.Wordsortermsinbothlanguagesappeartorefertothesameobjectorconceptonlyonthesurface,butactuallyrefertoquitedifferentthings
3.Thingsorconceptsarerepresentedbyoneorperhapstwotermsinonelanguage,butbymanymoretermsintheotherlanguage,forexample,finerdistinctionsintheotherlanguage
4.Termshavemoreorlessthesameprimarymeaning,buthavesecondaryoradditionalmeaningsthatmaydifferconsiderablyfromeachother.
PS:
makesomeexamplesforthedifferences
Thethoughtpatternsofpeoplearoundtheworld
TheUnitedStatesweremorelinearanddirect
TheSemiticindividualssolvedproblemsusingacombinationoftangentialandsemi-directapproaches,
Romanceiscircuitous(迂回)approach
Russiansemployedacombinationofindirectandcircuitousapproaches
Unit5(选择为主)
Chroxemics时间学
Monochronictime=M-time单时性文化
Emphasisonschedules,segmentationandpromptness(efficiency)andpunctuality.Itfeaturesoneeventatatime.
Polychronictime=P-time多时性文化
practicedbymostotherpeoplesislessrigidandclock-bound.PeoplefromP-timeculturesscheduleseveralactivitiesatthesametime,andtimeforthemismoreflexibleandmorehuman-centered
Proxemics空间学
theperceptionanduseofspace
Kinesics身势学
morethanjusthandorarmgestures;
itreferstoanylittlemovementofanypartofthebody
Paralanguage副语言
languageliesbetweenverbalandnonverbalcommunication.Itinvolvessoundsbutnotwords,itmeansthesetofnonphonemicpropertiesofspeech,suchasspeakingtempo(节奏),vocalpitch(音高)andintonationalcontours(语音语调)
WherearethedifferentfeaturesofM-timeandP-time?
M-time:
meanspayingattentiontoanddoingonlyonethingatatime.Emphasisonschedules,segmentationandpromptness(efficiency)andpunctuality.Itfeaturesoneeventatatime.
P-time:
practicedbymostotherpeoplesislessrigidandclock-bound.PeoplefromP-timeculturesscheduleseveralactivitiesatthesametime,andtimeforthemismoreflexibleandmorehuman-centered
1.touch/nontouchculture&
long/shortbodydistance
i.eArab—touch/short
USA—nontouch/medium
2.seat—China:
facingthedoorisdistinguished
USA:
acrossingthecorner
Unit6
Whatisthedifferencebetweensexandgender?
书P120表6.1
Sex(生理性别):
biological(生理的),permanentandwithanindividualproperty
Gender(社会性别):
socially-constructed,variedovertimeandacrossculturesandwithasocialandrelationalquality
Inall,genderandsexarenotsynonymous.
Whatarethetwoprimaryinfluencesonthesocialization?
1..familycommunication,particularlybetweenmotherandchildren
2.recreationalinteractionamongchildren
Unit7(以案例分析为主)
Identifythecontrastbetweenhigh-contextandlow-contextcultureandthenuseittointerpretthedifferencebetweenAmericanandJapaneseorChinesenegotiatingstyle?
1.Negotiationatmosphere:
American:
efficient,professionalism(职业精神)andcompromise(妥协,让步)
Japanese:
socializing,trust
Chinese:
socialization
2.Detail
thefacts,writtenagreementsorcontrast
fewerspecificissuesandlessdetailoriented,briefwrittenagreements
generalwrittenagreements
3.Communicationstyle
moreinterestedinlogicalargumentsthaninthepeopletheyaredealingwithdislikesilence
encouragecovert,fragmented
avoidopenlyconfrontconflict
4.Culturalvariationsinselectingnegotiators:
technicalexpertise:
youngernegotiatorsarecommon;
womenareinc
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 文化 交际 期末 复习