语言学历年试题Word文件下载.docx
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语言学历年试题Word文件下载.docx
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2.Ofthefollowingsoundcombinations,only_______ispermissibleaccordingtothesequentialrulesinEnglish.() A.kiblB.bkilC.ilkbD.ilbk
3.ThesentencethathasaNPandaVPcanbeshownina_______formula“S→NPVP”。
()
A.hierarchicalB.linearC.treediagramD.vertical
4.Itisthe_______onCaseassignmentthatstatesthataCaseassignorandaCaserecipientshouldstayadjacenttoeachother.()
A.CaseConditionB.parameter C.AdjacentConditionD.AdjacentParameter
5.Predicationanalysisisawaytoanalyze_______meaning.
A.phonemeB.wordC.phraseD.sentence
6.AccordingtoSearle,thoseillocutionaryactswhosepointistocommitthespeakertosomefuturecourseofactionarecalled_______.()
A.commisivesB.directivesC.expressivesD.declaratives
7.Theterm_______linguisticsmaybedefinedasawayofreferringtotheapproachwhichstudieslanguagechangeovervariousperiodsoftimeandatvarioushistoricalstages.
A.synchronicB.diachronicC.comparativeD.historicalcomparative
8.Thewayinwhichpeopleaddresseachotherdependsontheirage,sex,socialgroup,andpersonalrelationship.TheEnglishsystemofaddressformsfrequentlyusedincludesfirstname,lastname,title+lastname,_______,andkinterm. A.title+firstnameB.title+title C.titlealoneD.firstname+lastname+title
9.Languageandthoughtmaybeviewedastwoindependentcirclesoverlappinginsomeparts.Whenlanguageandthoughtareidenticalorcloselyparalleltoeachother,wemayregardthoughtas“subvocalspeech,”andspeechas“_______”。
()
A.vocalthoughtB.subvocalthought C.covertthoughtD.overtthought
10.Whcihofthefollowingbeststatesthebehavioristviewofchildlanguageacquisition_______.()
A.Languageacquisitionisaprocessofhabitformation
B.Languageacquisitionisthespecies-specificpropertyofhumanbeings
C.Childrenarebornwithaninnateabilitytoacquirelanguage
D.Humansareequippedwiththeneuralprerequisitesforlanguageandlanguageuse
第二部分非选择题
二、填空题(本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分。
)
11.Inthecourseoftime,thestudyoflanguagehascometoestablishcloselinkswithotherbranchesofs________studies,suchassociologyandpsychology.
12.Clear[1]anddark[]areallophonesofthesameonephoneme/1/.Theynevertakethesamepositioninsoundcombinations,thustheyaresaidtobeinc________distribution.
13.Ar________isoftenseenaspartofaword,butitcanneverstandbyitselfalthoughitbearsclear,definitemeaning. 14.Ac________sentencecontainstwoormoreclauses,oneofwhichisincorporatedintheother.
15.Thatthedenialofonememberoftwowordsimpliestheassertionoftheotheristhecharacteristicofc________antonyms. 16.Whilethemeaningofasentenceisabstractanddecontextualized,thatofanu________isconcreteandcontext-dependent. 17.Phonologicalrulesmaymovephonemesfromoneplaceinthestringtoanother.Forexample,ModernEnglishverbaskwasOldEnglishaskian,withthe/k/precedingthe/s/.Soundchangeasaresultofsoundmovementisknownasm________. 18.Inmanysocietiesoftheworld,wefindalargenumberofpeoplewhospeakmorethanonelanguage.Asacharacteristicofsocieties,b________inevitablyresultsfromthecomingintocontactofpeoplewithdifferentculturesanddifferentlanguages. 19.Thebrain‘sneurologicalspecializationforlanguageiscalledlinguisticI________,whichisspecifictohumanbeings. 20.Inordertoacquireasecondlanguage,learnerswillsubconsciouslyusetheirfirstlanguageknowledgeinlearningasecondlanguage.Thisisknowaslanguaget________.
三、判断说明题(本大题共10小题,每小题2分,共20分。
)判断下列各题正误,正者在括号内写“T”,误者在括号内写“F”,并说明理由。
()21.Inthehistoryofanylanguagethewritingsystemalwayscameintobeingbeforethespokenform.
()22.InEnglish,longvowelsarealsotensevowelsbecausewhenwepronouncealongvowelsuchas/i:
/,thelarynxisinastateoftension.
()23.Acompoundisthecombinationofonlytwowords.
()24.“Thestudent”inthesentence“Thestudentlikedthelinguisticlecture.”,and“Thelinguisticlecture”inthesentence“Thelinguisticlecturelikedthestudent.”belongtothesamesyntacticcategory.
()25.Linguisticformshavingthesamesensemayhavedifferentreferencesindifferentsituationswhilelinguisticformswiththesamereferencealwayshavethesamesense.
()26.Animportantdifferencebetweenpresuppositionandentailmentisthatpresupposition,unlikeentailment,isnotvulnerabletonegation.Thatistosay,ifasentenceisnegated,theoriginalpresuppositionisstilltrue.
()27.ThedivisionofEnglishintoOldEnglish,MiddleEnglish,andModernEnglishisnonconventionalandnotarbitrary. ()28.Languagereflectssexisminsociety.Languageitselfisnotsexist,justasitisnotobscene;
butitcanconnotesexistattitudesaswellasattitudesaboutsocialtaboosorracism.
()29.Ifachildisdeprivedoflinguisticenvironment,heorsheisunlikelytolearnalanguagesuccessfullylateron.
()30.Whenchildrenlearntodistinguishbetweenthesoundsoftheirlanguageandthesoundsthatarenotpartofthelanguage,theycanacquireanysoundsintheirnativelanguageoncetheirparentsteachthem.
四、名词解释题(本大题共10小题,每小题3分,共30分。
)
31.culturaltransmission(asadefiningfeatureofhumanlanguage)32.phonicmediumoflanguage33.voicing34.inflectionalmorphemesn35.reference36.locutionaryact37.protolanguage38.ethnicdialect 39.registers 40.acculturation
五、论述题(本大题共2小题,每小题10分,共20分。
41.WhydowesaytreediagramsaremoreadvantageousandinformativethanlinearstructureinanalyzingtheconstituentrelationshipamonglinguisticelementsSupportyourstatementwithexamples.
42.Describetheprocessoflanguageperception,comprehensionandproduction.
全国2001年10月高等教育自学考试
现代语言学试题参考答案
一、单项选择题(本大题共10小题,每小题2分,共20分)
1.A2.A3.B4.C5.D6.A7.B8.C9.D10.A
二、填空题(本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分)
plementary16.utterance17.metathesis18.bilingualism
19.lateralization20.transfer
三、判断改错题(本大题共10小题,每小题2分,共20分)
21.F Thecontraryistrue.Thewritingsystemisalwaysalaterinvention. 22.T23.F Somecompoundscontainmorethantwowords.24.T25.FItisfalsebecauselinguisticformswiththesamereferencemightdifferinsense.Acaseinpointisthetwoexpressions“morningstar”and“eveningstar.”Theyrefertothesamestarbutdifferinsense. 26.T27.FThedivisionofEnglishintoOldEnglish,MiddleEnglish,andModernEnglishisconventionalandsomewhatarbitrary.28.T29.T30Childrenfirstacquirethesoundsfoundinalllanguagesoftheworld,nomatterwhatlanguagetheyareexposedto,andinlaterstagesacquirethe“moredifficult”sounds.
四、名词解释题(本大题共10小题,每小题3分,共30分)
31.Oneofthemajordefiningfeaturesofhumanlanguage.Humansarebornwiththeabilitytoacquirealanguage,butdifferentfromanimals,theactualuseofhumanlanguageisnotgeneticallytransmitted,ratheritisculturallytransmitted,i.e.ithastobetaughtandlearnt.
32.Thelimitedrangeofsoundsthatareusedinhumanlanguagecommunication,i.e.thespeechsounds.Voicingisaphoneticfeatureofsomesounds.Itiscausedbythevibrationofthevocalcords.
34.Inflectionalmorphemesaremorphemesthatareusedtoindicatethegrammatrcalrelationsandcategories,suchas-ed,-(e)s-estinEnglish.
35.Referenceiswhatalinguisticformreferstointherealworld;
itisamatteroftherelationshipbetweentheformandthereality.Forexample,ifwesay,“Thedogisbarking,”wemustbetalkingaboutacertaindogknowntoboththespeakerandthehearerinthesituation.Theactualdogtheword“dog”referstointhisparticularsituationisthereferenceoftheword“dog”。
360(36.Locutionaryactreferstotheactofutteringwords,phrases,andclauses.Itistheactofconveyingliteralmeaningbymeansofsyntax,lexiconandphonology.Forexample,bysaying“Youhaveleftthedoorwideopen”,thelocutionaryactperformedbythespeakeristhathehasutteredallthewordsandexpressedwhatthewordsliterallymean.
37.Aprotolanguageistheoriginalformofalanguagefamilythathasceasedtoexist.Theprotoformcanbereconstructedbyidentifyingandcomparingsimilarlinguisticformswithsimilarmeaningsacrossrelatedlanguages.
m38.Anethnicdialectisasocialdialectofalanguage,oftencuttingacrossregionaldifferences.Itisspokenmainlybyalessprivilegedpopulationthathasexperiencedsomeformofsocialisolation,suchasracialdiscriminationorsegregation. 39.Registersarelanguagevarietiesappropriateforuseinparticularspeechsituations,incontrasttolanguagevarietiesthatareassociatedwiththesocialorregionalgroupingoftheircustomaryusers.Forthisreason,registersarealsoknownassituationaldialects.
40.Acculturationreferstoaprocessofadaptingtothecultureandvaluesystemofthesecondlanguagecommunity.
五、论述题(本大题共2小题,每小题10分,共20分)
41.Inadditiontorevealingalinearorder,aconstituentstructuretreehasahierarchicalstructurethatgroupswordsintostructuralconstituentsandshowsthesyntacticcategoryofeachstructuralconstituent,andconsequentlyisbelievedtomosttruthfullyillustratetheconstituentrelationshipamonglinguisticelements.
Forexample,thephrase“theoldmenand
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