高三英语阅读微技能训练Word下载.docx
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高三英语阅读微技能训练Word下载.docx
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(5)理解文章的基本结构
(6)理解作者的意图,观点和态度
因此,高三英语第二阶段的复习要特别注重学生阅读技能的训练,在各种体裁题材的阅读材料的训练中,强化阅读微技能,全面提高学生的阅读理解能力和水平。
一、主旨大意
(一)设题方式:
主旨大意题即句、段、篇主旨和大意理解性问题。
题目要求阅读短文后能正确理解文中句、段、篇的主题思想或主要论点。
这种题型主要是考查学生领悟文章大意和归纳、概括文章主题的能力。
一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题标题或目的设题(主题型、标题型和目的型)。
这类问题属于全局性问题,常见的问题形式有:
Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthemainpointofthepassage?
Whichofthefollowingtitlesbestsummarizesthecontentofthepassage?
Themain(central)idea/Thebesttitle/Themainfactofthestorysuggests...
(二)解题技巧:
1.首先要找出文章的主题句,了解文章的主题和中心观点,其他句子则为支撑句或扩展句,是用来阐述、解释、支持或发展主题句所表达的主题思想的。
2.灵活运用细读、跳读和略读等技巧,特别要注意第一段和最后一段,通常第一段包含文章要阅述的观点,而最后一段往往是文章的结论性的观点。
同时,要注意每一段的头一句话,因为这一句话往往是理解这一段的主要内容和回答问题的关键。
3.学会归纳概括。
不少文章的中心思想贯穿全文,并没有用一句话明确表达出来,这就要求学生学会归纳概括。
把注意力放在阅读材料的开头和结尾,放在观点性、归纳性和概括性的句子上,放在被许多句子说明和证实的句子上。
同时,要注意由insummary,inaword,asaresult,finally,inshort,inconclusion和inbrief等“信号词”引导的句子。
但必须注意,不要以部分代整体,也不要过度概括。
(三)训练与解析训练一(2012全国卷IA)
Honey(蜂蜜)fromtheAfricanforestisnotonlyakindofnaturalsugar,itisalsodelicious.Mostpeople,andmanyanimals,likeeatingit.However,theonlywayforthemtogetthathoneyistofindawildbees'
nest(巢)andtakethehoneyfromit.Often,thesenestsarehighupintrees,anditisdifficulttofindthem.InpartsofAfrica,though,peopleandanimalslookingforhoneyhaveastrangeandunexpectedhelper一alittlebirdcalledahoneyguide.
Thehoneyguidedoesnotactuallylikehoney,butitdoeslikethewax(蜂蜡)inthebeehives(蜂房).Thelittlebirdcannotreachthiswax,whichisdeepinsidethebees’nest.So,whenitfindsasuitablenest,itlooksforsomeonetohelpit.Thehoneyguidegivesaloudcrythatattractstheattentionofbothpassinganimalsandpeople.Onceithastheirattention,itfliesthroughtheforest,waitingfromtimetotimeforthecuriousanimalorpersonasitleadsthemtothenest.Whentheyfinallyarriveatthenest,thefollowerreachesintogetatthedelicioushoneyasthebirdpatientlywaitsandwatches.Someofthehoney,andthewax,alwaysfallstotheground,andthisiswhenthehoneyguidetakesitsshare.
Scientistsdonotknowwhythehoneyguidelikeseatingthewax,butitisverydeterminedinitseffortstogetit.Thebirdsseemtobeabletosmellwaxfromalongdistanceaway.Theywillquicklyarrivewheneverabeekeeperistakinghoneyfromhisbeehives,andwillevenenterchurcheswhenbeeswaxcandlesarebeinglit.
59.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.WildBeesB.WaxandHoneyC.BeekeepinginAfricaD.Honey-Lover'
sHelper
训练二2012福建卷D篇
Doyouknowhowitiswhenyouseesomeoneyawnandyoustartyawningtoo?
Orhowharditistobeamongpeoplelaughingandnotlaughyourself?
Well,apparentlyit'
sbecausewehavemirrorneurons(神经元)inourbrains.
Putsimply,theexistenceofmirrorneuronssuggeststhateverytimeweseesomeoneelsedosomething,ourbrainsimitate(模仿)it,whetherornotweactuallyperformthesameaction.Thisexplainsagreatdealabouthowwelearntosmile,talk,walk,danceorplaysports.Buttheideagoesfurther:
mirrorneuronsnotonlyappeartoexplainphysicalactionsytheyalsotellusthatthereisabiologicalbasisforthewayweunderstandotherpeople.
Mirrorneuronscanundoubtedlybefoundalloverourbrains,butespeciallyintheareaswhichrelatetoourabilitytouselanguages,andtounderstandhowotherpeoplefeel.Researchershavefoundthatmirrorneuronsrelatestronglytolanguage.Agroupofresearchersdiscoveredthatiftheygavepeoplesentencestolistento(forexample:
"
Thehandtookholdoftheball"
),thesamemirrorneuronsweretriggeredaswhentheactionwasactuallyperformed(inthisexample,actuallytakingholdofaball).
Anyproblemswithmirrorneuronsmaywellresultinproblemswithbehavior.Muchresearehsuggeststhatpeoplewithsocialandbehavioralproblemshavemirrorneuronswhicharenotfullyfunctioning.However,itisnotyetknownexactlyhowthesediscoveriesmighthelpfindtreatmentsforsocialdisorders.
Researchintomirrorneuronsseemstoprovideuswithevermoreinformationconcerninghowhumansbehaveandinteract(互动).Indeed,itmayturnouttobetheequivalent(相等物)forncuroscienccofwhatEinstein'
stheoryofrelativitywasforphysics.Andthenexttimeyoufeeltheurgetocoughinthecinemawhensomeoneelsedoes--well,perhapsyou'
llunderstandwhy.
70.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?
A.Waystofindmirrorneurons.B.Problemsofmirrorneurons.
C.Existenceofmirrorneurons.D.Functionsofmirrorneurons.
训练三2010湖北黄冈中学高三模拟考试
AcharacteristicofAmericanculturethathasbecomealmostatraditionistorespecttheself-mademan--themanwhohasrisentothetopthroughhisownefforts,usuallybeginningbyworkingwithhishands.Whiletheleaderinbusinessorin-dustryorthecollegeprofessoroccupiesahighersocialpositionandcommandsgreaterrespectinthecommunitythanthecom-monlaboreroreventheskilledfactoryworker,hemaytakepainstopointoutthathisfatherstartedlifeinAmericaasafarmerorlaborerofsomesort.
Thisattitudetowardmanual(体力的)laborisnowstillseeninmanyaspectsofAmericanlif~Oneisinvitedtodinneratahomethatisnotonlycomfortablybutevenluxuriously(豪华地)furnishedandinwhichthereiseveryevidenceofthefactthatthefamilyhasbeenabletoaffordforeigntravel,expensivehobbies,andcollegeeducationforthechildren;
yetthehostessprobablywillcookthedinnerherself,willserveitherselfandwillwashdishesafterward,furthermorethedinnerwillnotconsistmerelyofsomethingquicklyandeasilyassembledfromcontentsofvariouscansandacakeorapieboughtatthenear-bybakery.Onthecontrary,thehostessusuallytakesprideincarefulpreparationofspecialdishes.Aprofessionalmanmaytalkaboutwashingthecar,digginginhisflowerbeds,paintingthehouse.Hiswifemayevenhelpwiththesethings,justasheoftenhelpsherwiththedishwashing.Thesonwhoisawayatcollegemaywaitontableandwashdishesforhisliving,orduringthesummerhemayworkwithaconstructiongangonahighwayinordertopayforhiseducation.
1.FromParagraph1,wecanknowthatinAmerica
A.peopletendtohaveahighopinionoftheself--mademan
B.peoplecanalwaysrisetothetopthroughtheirownefforts
C.collegeprofessorswingreatrespectfromcommonworkers
D.peoplefeelpainfultomentiontheirfathersaslaborers
训练四2011山东济南一中高三月考试题
Ifthereisnodifferenceingeneralintelligence(智力)betweenboysandgirls,whatcanexplaingirls'
poorperformanceinscienceandmathematics?
Itseemstobethattheirtreatmentatschoolisadirectcause.Mathematicsandscienceareseenassubjectsmainlyforboys,andtherefore,asgirlsbecometeenagers,theyarelesslikelytotakethem.Interestingly,bothboysandgirlsoftenregardthesubjectsforboysasmoredifficult.Yetithasbeensuggestedthatgirlsdonottakemathematicscourses,notbe-causetheyaredifficult,butforsocialreasons.Girlsdonotwanttobeinopencompetitionwithboysbecausetheyareafraidtoappearlessfeminine(女性的)andattractive.
However,ifweexaminetheperformanceofboysandgirlswhohavetakenmathematicscourses,therearestillmorehigh-achievingboysthantherearegirls.Thisdifferenceappearstobeworld-wide.Biologicalexplanationshavebeenofferedforthis,butthereareotherexplanationstoo.Perhapsthedifferencewhichcomesoutduringtheteenageyearshasitsrootsinmuchearlierexperiences.Fromtheirfirstdaysinkindergarten,boysareencouragedtoworkontheirownandtocompletetasks.Factsshowthatoutstanding(杰出的)mathematiciansandscientistshavenothadteacherswhosuppliedanswers.
Besides,therecanbelittledoubtthatteachersofmathematicsandscienceexpecttheirboystudentstodobetteratthesesubjectsthantheirgirlstudents.Theyevenappeartoencouragethedifferencebetweenboysandgirls.Theyspendmoretimewiththeboystudents,givingthemmoretimetoanswerquestionsandworkinghardertogetcorrectanswersfromthem.Theyaremorelikelytocallonboysforanswersandtoallowthemtotaketheleadinclassroomdiscussion.Theyalsopraiseboysmorefrequently.Allofthisseemstoencourageboystoworkharderinscienceandmathematicsandtogivethemconfidence(信心)thattheyareabletosucceed.
Suchawayofteachingisnotlikelytoencouragegirlstotakemanymathematicsandsciencecourses,norisitlikelytosupportgirlswhodo.Whenitcomestothesesubjectsitseemscertainthatschoolwidensthedifferencebetweenboysandgirls.
2.Thetextmainlydiscusses______reasonsforthedifferencebetweenboysandgirlsinscientificachievements.A.biologicalB.historicalC.socialD.personal
二、细节事实
细节事实理解题主要考查考生对文章中某一些特定细节或文章的重要实事的理解能力。
它一般包括直接理解题和语义理解题两种。
直接理解题的答案与原文直接挂钩,从阅读材料中可以找到。
这种题难度低,只要学生读懂文章,就能得分,属于低层次题。
而语义理解题须将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换才能得出结论。
这类题目要求考生能理解原文中某个短语或句子的含义,从而找到与答案意思相同的词语和句子。
这种题属于中档层次题。
在历年高考题中占大多数。
其常见命题方式有:
1、特殊疑问句形式。
以what,who,when,where,which,howmuch/many等引出的问题;
2、是非题。
通常以true/false,nottrue/false提问以及以accordingtothetext开头;
3、填空题。
通常涉及与主题有关的事实和细节;
4、就文中数字、排序、识图等提问。
如:
1.Whichofthefollowingistrue/false/mentioned?
2.Whatdoesthewriterpayleastattentionto?
3.Choosetherightorderoftheeventsgiveninthepassage.
4.Allthefollowingstatementsarenottrue(true)except________
5.Whichofthefollowingmaps/diagramsgivestherightpositionof...?
一篇文章有了它所涉及的中心思想,即话题,确定了要表达的中心思想,还必须通过许多细节的信息来进一步解释或表达主题体现中心思想,因此细节是一篇文章的大部分篇幅,也是考生阅读过程中需要理解的主要内容,在阅读测试中,这类试题占大部分。
(二)解题技巧
1.通读全文
- 配套讲稿:
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- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 英语 阅读 技能 训练