The English Reserve and Politeness 翻译 英语泛读教程 3高等教育出版社文档格式.docx
- 文档编号:18452515
- 上传时间:2022-12-16
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:45
- 大小:33.71KB
The English Reserve and Politeness 翻译 英语泛读教程 3高等教育出版社文档格式.docx
《The English Reserve and Politeness 翻译 英语泛读教程 3高等教育出版社文档格式.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《The English Reserve and Politeness 翻译 英语泛读教程 3高等教育出版社文档格式.docx(45页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
Howoldareyou?
"
oreven"
Whatisyourname?
arenoteasilyasked.Questionslike"
Wheredidyoubuyyourwatch?
or"
Whatisyoursalary?
arealmostimpossible.Similarly,conversationinBritainisingeneralquietandrestrainedandloudspeechisconsideredill-bred.
Thisunwillingnesstocommunicatewithothersisanunfortunatequalityinsomeways,sinceittendstogivetheimpressionofcoldness,anditistruethattheEnglish(exceptperhapsintheNorth)arenotnotedfortheirgenerosityandhospitality.Ontheotherhand,theyareperfectlyhumanbehindtheirbarrierofreserve,andmaybequitepleasedwhenafriendlystrangerorforeignersucceedsforatimeinbreakingthebarrierdown.
CloselyrelatedtoEnglishreserveisEnglishmodesty.Withintheirhearts,theEnglishareperhapsnolessconceitedthananybodyelse,butintheirrelationswithotherstheyvalueatleastashowofmodesty.Self-praiseisfelttobeill-bred.Ifapersonis,letussay,verygoodattennis,andsomeoneaskshimifheisagoodplayer,hewillseldomreply"
Yes,"
becausepeoplewillthinkhimconceited.Hewillprobablygiveananswerlike,"
I'
mnotbad,"
Well,I'
mverykeenontennis."
Thisself-deprecationistypicallyEnglish,and,mixedwiththeirreserve,itoftenproducesasortofgeneralairofindifferencewhichappearstoforeignersdifficulttounderstandandevenirritating.
ThefamousEnglishsenseofhumorissimilar.Itsstartingpointisself-deprecation,anditsgreatenemyisconceit.Itsidealistheabilitytolaughatoneself—atone'
sownfaults,one'
sownfailuresandembarrassments,evenatone'
sownideals.Thecriticism,"
Hehasnosenseofhumor,"
isverycommonlyheardinBritain,wherehumorissohighlyprized.Asenseofhumorisanattitudetoliferatherthanthemereabilitytolaughatjokes.Thisattitudeisnevercruelordisrespectfulormalicious.TheEnglishdonotlaughatacrippleoramadman,atragedyoranhonorablefailure.Sympathyoradmirationforartisticskillarefelttobestrongerthanlaughter.
Likeasenseofhumor,sportsmanshipisanEnglishidealwhichnotallEnglishmenliveupto.ItmustberealizedthatsportinitsmodernformisalmostentirelyaBritishinvention.Boxing,associationfootball,tennisandcricketwereallfirstorganizedandgivenrulesinBritain.Rulesaretheessenceofsport,andsportsmanshipistheabilitytopractiseasportinobediencetoitsrules,whilealsoshowinggenerositytoone'
sopponentandgoodtemperindefeat.Moreover,sportsmanshipasanidealisappliedtolifeingeneral.Oneofthemostelementaryrulesoflifeis"
neverhitamanwhenhe'
sdown"
─inotherwords,nevertakeadvantageofanotherperson'
smisfortune.Englishschool-boysoftenshowthissenseofsportsmanshiptoasurprisinglyhighdegreeintheirrelationswitheachother.
AnotherfeatureinBritainispoliteness.OnthewholeBritishhabitsofpolitenessareveryinformal.Allpolitenessisbasedontheelementaryruleofshowingconsiderationforothers,andacknowledgingtheconsiderationtheyshowtoyou."
Excuseme"
isusedasanadvanceapologyfortroublingsomebody,aswhenpassinginfrontofhimorinterruptinghisconversation,orwhenputtingaquestiontoastranger."
Sorry"
expressesregretforanaccidentaldisturbanceorbreachofmanners.Italsotakestheplaceof"
no"
whenyoucannotagreetoarequestoranimpliedrequestlike"
MayIborrowyourpen?
Doyouknowthetime?
Haveyouanysizesevenshoes?
"
Pardon?
isthepolitewayofaskingsomebodytorepeatwhathehassaid.InBritain,exceptatschool,"
please"
isnolongerusedinaskingpermissiontospeak,andthephrase"
No,please"
socommonabroad,wouldsoundmostunusualinBritainitself."
Yes,please"
isthecommonestuseoftheword,andistheoppositeof"
No,thankyou"
whenreplyingtoanoffer.Abareyesornoisconsideredveryrudeinthiscase.Similarly,apoliterequestdoesnotbeginwith"
Iwant"
Ithink"
butwithaphraselike"
Will(orWould,Can,Could)youplease...?
Wouldyoumind...?
Whentherequestisgranted,andatanytimewhenyouarereceivingsomething,howeverobviouslyyouareentitledtoit,youarealwaysexpectedtosay"
Thankyou"
.
Britishpeopledonotreadilyaskeachothertodoanythingthatwouldinvolverealinconvenience:
theyprefertowaitforsuchservicetobeoffered,ratherthanaskforit.Iftheydoask,thentherequestisaccompaniedbyanimpliedapologylike,"
Idon'
treallylikeaskingyou,but..."
or,"
IknowthetroubleI'
mcausingyou,butwouldyoumind...?
andsoon.Similarlyitisoftenpolitetorefuseanofferofservicebymeansofsuchareplyas,"
Oh!
pleasedon'
tbother,"
followedbyanexplanationofwhyyoucandowithoutit.Infact,withoutbeingconsciousofit,Britishpeoplesometimesmakeofferspurelyoutofpoliteness,notreallyexpectingthemtobeaccepted,andoffersofthiskindarerefusedwiththesamepoliteness.
Ifyouareinvitedintoaperson'
shome,thereareotherquestionstoconsider.Forinstance,whattimeshouldyouarrive?
Ifitisasocialoccasion,notabusinessone,itisnotpolitetoarriveearly.Yourhostesswillbepreparingforyou,andwillbemostembarrassedifyouarrivebeforesheisquiteready.Tenminuteslateisexcellent.Halfanhourlateisexcessiveandrequiresapologies.Thentoo,theBritishareratherparticularabouttablemanners.Themainthingis:
tositupstraight,copyeveryoneelse,gailyaskingwhattodoifyouarenotsure,andkeeptheconversationgoing.Whattimeshouldyouleave?
Therearenorules,butitismostimpolitetostaytoolate,asitimpliesalackofconsiderationforyourhosts.Ifitissimplyaninvitationtoaneveningmealandconversation,youwillprobablytakeyourleavebetweentenandeleveno'
clock.Ifyouhavebeenaskedtostayforseveraldays,youwillconformasfaraspossibletotheroutineofthehouse,andyourhostesswillbeverypleasedifyougiveherabunchofflowers,speciallybought,beforeyouleave.
Politenesstowardswomenislessobservedtodaythanitusedtobe.Itisstillconsideredpolitetogiveupone'
sseattoawomanwhoisstanding,toopendoorsforher,helpheralightfromthebus,carrythingsforher,protectherfromthetraffic,andsoon,andthemaxim"
Ladiesfirst"
iswellknown.Butnowthatwomenaretheequalsofmeninhavingthevote,takingpaidemploymentandreceivinghighereducation,theyreceivemuchlessconsiderationthanformerly,forthewholebasisofpolitenesstowardswomenisthefeelingthattheyneedprotection.
Thesameprincipleappliestooldpeople.IftheyarerespectedinBritain,itisbecausetheyarefelttobeinneedofprotectionandsupport.OldageandseniorityalonedonotcommandauthorityamongtheBritish,infactmodernlifehasbeendevelopingsofastthatoldpeopleoftenappeartiresomeandoutofdate.Thus,"
Weneedsomeyoungblood"
isoftenheardinorganizationswheretheenergyandmodernmethodsofyoungermenarefelttobemorelikelytosucceedthanthelongbutpartlyirrelevantexperienceofolderones.Thewisestoftheoldergenerationrealizethis.Theyeithermakeanefforttoremainyounginheartandkeeppace4withthetimesorelsetheyletyoungermentaketheirplace.
ItfollowsthatmatureEuropeanshavenodesiretogrowoldortolookolderthantheyare.Womenespecially,forreasonsofsexualattraction,longto"
stayyoung"
andthereisnogreatercomplimenttoamaturewomanthantobetold"
Howyoungyoulook!
Ontheotherhand,ifawoman'
shairstyle,make-upandclothesrevealanobviousefforttolookartificiallyyoung,sheissaidto"
lookcommon,"
andisregardedwithdisapproval.
(1528words)TOP
课文一
英国人的谨慎和礼貌
在许多人看来,英国人极为礼貌,同他们交朋友很难。
但愿下列文字能够帮助你更好地了解英国人的性格特点。
对于其他欧洲人来说,英国人最著名的特点是“谨慎”。
一个谨慎的人不太会和陌生人聊天,不会流露出太多的情感,并且很少会兴奋。
要了解一个谨慎的人并非易事;
他从不告诉你有关他自己的任何事,也许你和他工作了几年,却连他住在哪儿,有几个孩子,兴趣是什么,都不知道。
英国人就有类似的倾向。
如果乘公共汽车去旅行,他们会尽量找一个没人坐的位子;
如果是乘火车,他们会找一个没人的单间。
如果他们不得不与陌生人共用一个单间时,那么即使火车驶出了很多英里,他们也不会开口交谈。
一旦谈起来的话,他们不会轻易问及像“你多大年龄?
”或者甚至“你叫什么名字?
”等私人问题。
像“你的手表是在哪儿买的?
”或者“你的收入是多少?
”这样的问题几乎不可想象。
同样,在英国,人们交谈时一般声音都很轻、很有节制,大声谈话会被视为没有教养。
在某种程度上,不愿意与他人交流是一种不幸的品质,因为它可能会给人造成态度冷淡的印象。
而事实上,英国人(也许除了北方人)并不以慷慨和好客而著称。
而另一方面,虽然谨慎使他们不易与人沟通,但他们内心还是很有人情味的。
如果一个陌生人或外国人友善地将这种隔阂打破那么一会儿,他们可能会满心欢喜。
与英国人的谨慎紧密相连的品质是英国式的谦逊。
在内心深处,英国人可能比任何人都高傲,但是当他们与别人相处时,他们十分看重谦逊的品质,至少要表现出谦虚的样子。
自我标榜会被认为没有教养。
让我们假设,有一个人非常擅长打网球,但如果有人问他是否是个优秀选手时,他很少会说“是”,不然,人们会认为他很高傲。
他可能会作出类似这样的回答,“不算太差,”或者“嗯,我非常喜欢网球。
”这样的自我贬低是典型的英国式的。
而且当这一品质与他们的谨慎混合在一起时,常常形成一种漠然的气氛,这在外国人看来难于理解,甚至令人恼火。
著名的英国人的幽默感也是大同小异。
它的出发点是自我贬低,它的最大对手是高傲,它的理想境界是自嘲的能力—嘲笑自己的错误、自己的失败
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- The English Reserve and Politeness 翻译 英语泛读教程 3高等教育出版社 英语 泛读 教程 高等教育出版社
![提示](https://static.bdocx.com/images/bang_tan.gif)
链接地址:https://www.bdocx.com/doc/18452515.html