言语幽默与翻译以《围城》为例Word格式文档下载.docx
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言语幽默与翻译以《围城》为例Word格式文档下载.docx
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16)
Owingtoitsmagicpower,Humorhasanirreplaceablepositioninrelievingstressandsmoothinghumanrelationship.However,becauseofcontaininglotsoflinguisticsandculturalconnotations,humorhasstrongnationfeatures.Soitisdifficultforpeopletoperceivetheuniqueartisticeffectsandwittyexpressedinanotherlanguage.Ontheotherhand,itisnowanerawhenglobalizationisdevelopingrapidlyandcross-cultureexchangebecomesnecessary.Humorisanindispensablepartofanation’slanguageandcultureaswellasarichresourceoftheworld.Therefore,toexploreonhumortranslationbecomesextremelyimportant.(这段话描述貌似不很合理)
1.2WhyisFortressBesiegedTakenastheMainSubject?
(同1.1)
FortressBesieged,amasterpieceofQianZhongshu,hasbeenacclaimedas“oneofmodernChina’sbestnovels…ProfessorC.T.Hsia(XiaZhiqing)hashighlypraisedthenovel’scomicexuberanceandsatire.”(JeanneKelly&
NathanK.Mao,2003:
v)Thereareagoodnumberofpapersrelatedtotheartoflanguageinthenovel,butfewofstudythosehumorousexpressionsinthenovelfromthepointviewoftranslation,whichleavessomewhatavacancyincross-culturalexchanges.Thosehumorousdescriptionsplayakeyroleindeepeningthethemesofthenovel.Agoodcomprehensionofthemisgoingtohelpone’sunderstandingofthewriter’sintentionaswellasthethemeofthenovel.FortressBesieged,inEnglishtranslationofthenovel,mostofthewitty,ironicalandsatiricalexpressionshavedisappeared.Thespiritthenoveloriginallypossessedismissingintranslationversion,leadingforeignreaderstoaninadequateunderstandingofQianZhoushu.(ZhangQuan,1991:
88)
1.3TheStructureofthePaper
Thepaperconsistsof4chapters.Chapteroneistheintroductionofthepaper.Chaptertwoistheliteraturereview,focusingondefinitionsofhumoranditsclassification.Italsoprovidesareviewofideasuponhumoranditstranslation.ChapterThreeincludesabriefintroductiontothenovelFortressBesiegedanditsEnglishversion,andthenfollowsacasestudyaswellasananalysisofthetranslationsofsomehumorousexpressions;
ChapterFouristheconclusionofthepaper.
【1.1、1.2、1.3最好不要出现在正文中间,与正文没有实际联系,可以删除】
2.1ApproachestodefinitionsofHumor(?
?
)
What’shumor?
Generally,humorisconsideredallthosethatcanmakepeoplelaugh.Funnystories,scenes,wittyideas,andthoughtsareallthesourcesofhumor.InboththeEastandtheWest,humorisfamiliartopeopleandisusedindailylifeaswellasinliteraryworks,yet,itishardtoofferitapreciseandscientificdefinition.
2.2NatureofHumorandClassificationsofHumor
Itisnecessarytonoticethecharacteristicsofhumor(不完整的句子表达).Humoringeneralencompassesfourelements:
a.laughter,thecarrierofhumor;
b.unexpectedness,humortendstobeofftheconventionaltrackofthinking;
c.pleasure,themostdesirableone;
d.playfulspirit(XuLixin,2003:
20)Inspiteofthedifferentnotionsonthenatureofhumorbydifferenttheorists,humorinessenceisusuallynotawayfromthelawofcontradiction,acontrastofbeingrationalandirrational,goodandbad,trueandfalse,etc(这句话不知道与上下文有什么联系).ThehumorousexpressionsinFortressBesiegedalsomeettheseconditions.WemaynoticethatdevicesforproducinghumorsarealmostidenticalinChineseandEnglishlanguages,bothusinghyperbole,pun,irony,parody,word-play,anticlimax,simileandmetaphor,etc.
Ingeneral,humorcanbeclassifiedintofourtypes:
“aqualityorcapacityoftheinterlocutor;
afeatureofthediscourseorsituation;
theobjectivemanifestation(intheformofliteraryworksorotherdiscoursesortheeventorthesituationitself)andatechniqueofexpression.”(XuLixin,2003:
16)Thisisabroaderwayofclassification.Thereareseveralmorespecificdifferentiationsonhumoraccordingtopreviousresearch.MaoRongguidividedhumorintosituational,non-situational.(ShenGuangqiu,2003:
2)Theformerreferstothosedevoidoflinguisticvariations,andistranslatable.Thelatterdependsontheplayonlinguisticselementsandisdifficulttotranslate.
2.3HumorandTranslation
2.3.1AnOverview
HumorhaslongbeenatopicdiscussedbyscholarsinboththeWestandtheEast.Studiesandexplorationsofhumoranditstranslationhavealwaysbeengoingoninacademicfieldsinspiteofthepacebeingratherslowbecauseofthecomplexityandthesheerdifficultyattachedtotheverytopic---humorandtranslation.
Non-translatabilityofhumordominatestheareaontheinitialstageofdevelopment,whichisalsoreflectedinacollectionofpaperspublishedin1984.(JinShaoyu,1984:
491)LiuMiqingalsospecifiedtheinvolveddifficultiesinhisbookStyleandTranslationbysayingthatthewittinessembeddedinhumorousandpunninglanguagescaneasilybelostintranslation,thustheyarealmostuntranslatable.Asamatteroffact,tilltodayhumorrenderingisquiteahardtargettohitintranslationpracticesevenifsomenewtrendshavesparkled.
Withtheprogressoftranslationtheories,humorrenderingcanbeseenfromarelativelynewperspective—functionalism,whichwouldbeachallengetothetraditionaltranslationtheories.Intheirpointsofopinion,thecauseforthepreviousnotion(non-translatability)isitsadherencetoconventionalview:
translationisaprocessoflinguistictransfer.
2.3.2FunctionalistApproachtoHumorTranslation
Functionalismgiveshintstosometranslators,focusingonthefunctionorfunctionsofthetextsandtranslations.(ChristianeNord,2001:
1)Therearethreesub-branchesderivedfromfunctionalismrespectivelybythreescholars,KatharianReiss,HansJ.Vermeer,andJustaHolz-Manttari,whohavesomeslightlydifferentinterpretationstowardsfunctionalismasawhole.Itisirrationaltomakeaclear-cutdivisionamongtheminpracticalsituationsbecausetheirideasoverlapalot.However,thethreepeoplehaveonepointincommon,thatis,allofthemhavemovedawaymoreorlessfromthelinguisticallyorientedtranslationtheory,whichwasclearlystatedinVermeer’swords.“Linguisticsalonewon’thelpus…Solet’slooksomewhereelse.’’(ChristianeNord,2001:
10)Theyagreewiththeclaimthattranslation,asacomplicatedactivity,callsforfunctionalequivalenceasaprimeprincipleotherthanlinguisticsequivalence.Comparedwiththetraditionalviews,functionalistapproachinsiststhatanidealtranslationistobemeasuredbyfunctionalequivalenceinthesourcetextandinthetargettext.
Indealingwithhumortranslation,theSkoposisgenerallythemostcitedoneasatheoreticalbasis.Vermeer’sSkopostheorieisadmittedasanimportantstepinthedevelopmentoffunctionalistapproachtotranslation.TheSkoposrulethusreadsasfollows:
translate/interpret/speak/writeinawaythatenablesyourtext/translationtofunctioninthesituationinwhichitisusedandwiththepeoplewhowanttouseitandpreciselyinthewaytheywantittofunction.”(ChristianeNord,2001:
29)SoSkopos,aGreekword,technicallyreferstothepurposeoraimofthetargettext.Therefore,translationintheeyeofVenneermeansanofferofinformationforthetargetaudience.
Vermeer’stheoryandthetraditionalonesdefinetranslationdifferently,leadingtotheirdifferentviewsontranslationequivalence(TE),adisputed,repeatedlydiscussedandinescapableissueinbothmodernandtraditionaltranslationstudies.EquivalenceisnotabandonedintheframeworkofSkopostheoriebutredefinedasequivalenceofthesamecommunicativefunctionorfunctionsasthesourcetext.Apieceoftranslation,underfunctionalistapproach,isnolongermeasuredbyequivalenceonlinguisticlevelbutthatofthefunctionthetargettexthasachieved,whichisaccordinglyoftenaccompaniedbysubstantialalterationintranslating.Skopostheorieisacceptedbysomescholarsasatheoreticalguideinthetranslationofhumorousdiscourse.OuyangLifeng,asoneofthescholars,reconsidersthetranslationofhumoroustextsfromthestandpointoffunctionalisttranslation.Hehassuccessfullykeptthehumorinthetargetlanguagebyalteringtheinformationinthesourcetext.HerearetwoexamplesfromhisessayHowtoTranslateHumor.(OuyangLifeng,2003:
50-53)
Examplel:
AfamedChinesediplomatattendedagalareceptioninWashingtonintheearlypartoftheday.ASenatelady,tryingtostartapoliteconversation,asked“Dr.Wong,what‘nese’areyou?
Chinese,JapaneseorJavanese?
’’“Chinese,”hereplied,“andyou,madam?
What‘kee’areyou?
Monkey,donkeyorYankee?
’’
TheChineseversion:
一位著名的中国外交官出席了上午早些时候在华盛顿举行的招待会。
一位女议员喜欢故作文雅,问:
“王先生,请问你是什么‘人’?
中国人,日本人还是爪哇人?
”
“中国人,”他回答说,“夫人,你呢?
你是什么‘老’?
老猴,老驴还是老美?
Example2:
A:
Whatmakesaroadbroad?
B:
Theletter“B”.
甲:
什么
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- 关 键 词:
- 围城 言语 幽默 翻译
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