库存管理二重点Inventory management two key pointsWord文档格式.docx
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库存管理二重点Inventory management two key pointsWord文档格式.docx
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(4)intheexistingenterpriseresourcesconstraints,withthemostreasonablefortheusertoprovidethedesiredlevelofservice;
(5)onthepremiseofmeetcustomerexpectationsofservicelevel,trytoreducetheinventorycosttoanacceptablelevel;
(6)balancebetweeninventorycostandinventoryprofit.
4.classificationofinventories?
(1)accordingtothestateofthelogisticsprocessclassificationisdividedinto:
A.rawmaterialinventory,B.WIPinventory,C.maintenanceinventory,d..Finishedgoodsinventory
(2),accordingtotheroleclassificationisdividedinto:
A.turnoverinventory,B.safetyinventory,C.regulationinventory,d..Intransitinventory
5whatisthecompositionofinventorycost?
(1)purchasecost;
(2)ordercost;
(3)storagecost;
(4)outofstockcost;
6.inventorymanagementprocess?
Theinventorymanagementprocessincludes:
determiningrequirements,inventoryidentificationandcoding,orderingquantityandorderingtime,determiningservicelevelsandsafetystocks,andpurchasingleadtimemanagement.
7.whatarethebasicdecisionsoninventorycontrol?
A.determinesthetimeintervalbetweentwoadjacentorders.B.determinestheorderquantityofeachorder.C.determinestheleadtimeofeachorder.D..Determinestheinventoryrateofservicetomeetthedemand.
8.whataretheclassificationsofforecastingmethods?
(1)accordingtotheroleofcompetentfactors,classificationcanbedividedintoqualitativepredictionandquantitativeprediction.
Qualitativepredictionmethodsincludegeneralprediction,marketresearch,groupconsensus,historicalanalogyandDelphimethod.
Quantitativepredictionissubdividedintotimeseriesmethod,causalityanalysismethod,correlationmethodandsimulationmethod.
Timeseriesmethodincludessimpleaveragemethod,simplemovingaveragemethod,weightedaveragemethod,weightedmovingaveragemethodandexponentialsmoothingmethod.
Causalcorrelationanalysisincludesregressionanalysis,econometricmodel,input/outputmethod.
(2)classificationaccordingtotheforecasttime,includinglong-termforecast,mediumtermforecastandshort-termforecast.
9.whatisthecontentofdemandforecast?
Thecontentofdemandforecastincludestime,time,frequency,rangeandpredictability.
10.generalstepstopredict?
(1)determinethepurposesofprediction;
(2)choosetheforecastingobject,analysis,decisionfactorsofdemandandimportance;
(3)thetimespandecisionforecasting:
short-termandmedium-termorlong-term;
(4)choosethepredictionmodel;
(5)accordingtothenumberofmobilephonerequiredforprediction;
(6)considersetandunpredictablefactors;
(7)toverifythepredictionmodel;
(8)tojudgeandmakeaconclusion,andthenmakethedemandforecast;
(9)thepredictionresultsforpracticalapplication;
(10)tomonitortheforecastaccordingtoactualdemand.
11.,theforecastshouldpayattentiontotheproblem?
A.
Whatistheroleofjudgmentinprediction?
(1)theroleofjudgmentinchoosingapredictionmethod;
(2)theroleofjudgmentinidentifyinginformation;
and(3)distinguishingtheroleintheoutcomeofthetrade-offs.B.stabilityandresponsiveness.Stabilityreferstotheabilitytoresistrandominterferenceandtorespondtoasteadydemand.Thepredictionmethodwithgoodstabilitycanbeusedtoeliminateordecreasetheinfluenceofthefollowingfactors,andisapplicabletothepredictionproblemswhicharegreatlyaffectedbyrandomfactors.Responsivenessistheabilitytorespondquicklytochangingdemands.Goodresponseforecastingmethodcankeepupwiththechangeofactualdemandandadapttothepredictionproblemwhichisaffectedbyrandomfactors.
12.,theadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthemarketadjustmentmethod?
Advantages:
(1)forecastfromcustomerexpectations,betterreflectsthemarketdemand
(2)canunderstandcustomerviewsontheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofproducts,isconducivetotheimprovementandperfectionofproducts,developingnewproductsandtargetedtocarryoutpromotionalactivities.
Disadvantages:
(1)itisdifficulttoobtaincustomercooperation
(2)customerexpectationisnotequaltotheactualpurchase,butalsoeasytochangeexpectations(3)becausecustomersdonotknowmuch,theinvestigationrequiresalotofmanpowerandtime.
13.predictivemethodsofmeasurement?
(1)averageerror
(2),averageabsoluteerror(3),relativeerrorabsolutevalue(4),relativeerrorabsolutevalue,averagevalue
14.theoperationmechanismoffixedorderquantitysystem?
Whentheinventorybalancefallstotheorderpoint,afixedquantityorderisissued.Fixedordersystemisalsocalledcontinuousordersystem,becauseinthissystem,theinventorybalanceshouldbecomparedwiththeorderpointatanytimetodecidewhethertoplaceanorder.
15.quantitativeordersystemmodelconceptsandcharacteristicsAfixedorderquantitysystemisafixedinventorycontrolsystemwithorderpointandorderquantity.
Features:
(1)eachorderquantityQisusuallyfixed,mainlyconsidertheminimumtotalinventorycostprincipleofbatchsizeselection
(2)everytwoadjacentordertimeintervalisusuallychange,itssizedependsonchangesindemand,demandisshorttimeinterval,thedemandissmalllongtimeintervals(3)leadtimebasicallyunchanged,theleadtimeisdeterminedbytheexternalfactorsofsupplierproductionandtransportationcapacity,thereisnodirectlinkwiththedemandofmaterials,itisusuallyconsideredaconstant.
16.applicationmethodoffixedorderquantitysystem?
(1)cardmethod
(2),doubleboxmethod(3),threeboxmethod
17.operationmechanismoffixedintervalsystem?
Checkthestockeveryfixedtime,determinethebalanceofthestockandissuetheorder.Theorderquantityisequaltothedifferencebetweenthemaximuminventoryandtheinventorybalance.
Modelcomparisonof18.fixedintervalsystemsandtwomodelsThefixedintervalsystememploysregularstocktaking,andthetimeintervalbetweentwoadjacentordersisfixed.Thefixedorderquantitysystemdealswitheachitemseparately,whilethefixedintervalsystemisrelevanttohandleavarietyofgoodsandachievejointorders.Theadvantagesofafixedintervalsystemare:
first,handlingorderofmultipleitemsatonetimeandlowordercost.Two,theamountofanorderislarge,anditiseasytoobtainapricediscountprovidedbythesupplierforthetotalamountofanorder.Three,largeorder,sothatthetransporttoolstobeeffectiveandeconomicaluse,transportationcostslow.
Six
Whatisthedefinitionofstochasticinventorycontrolsystem?
Theinventorycontrolsystemistheinventorycontrolsystemwithastochasticdemandandaleadtime.
7.definitionofonceordersystem?
Asingleordermodelstudiestheinventorycontrolofitemsthatcanbepurchasedonlyonceorcanonlybescheduledforasingleperiodoftime.
ThebasicprincipleofABCclassification:
classificationaccordingtothevalueorimportanceoftheobjectundercontrol,usuallydividedintothreecategoriesaccordingtoannualconsumptionamount(inventoryvalueorquantity*cost).
ABCthreefeatures:
?
Astockvarietiesaccountedforabout10%ofthetotalvariety,butthevalueaccountedforaround70%ofthetotalvalueoftheinventory?
Bstockvarietiesaccountedforabout20%ofthetotalnumberofgoods,thetotalvalueoftheinventoryvalueaccountedforabout20%?
aboutCstockvarietiesaccountedforthetotal70%ofthetotalvalueofgoods.Thetotalvalueofinventoriesaccountedforabout10%.
AccordingtoABCclassification:
classification,accordingtotheannualfeeisusuallydividedbythenumber,intheinventorymanagement,ABCclassificationisgenerallybasedinventoryvalueclassification,otherindicatorsare:
theconsequencesoftheriskofshortageofsupplyuncertainty,outdatedordeterioration
ABCclassificationofinventorycontrolstrategiesatypeofproductshouldbeasstrictaspossibletocontrol,tomaintaincompleteandaccurateinventoryrecords,givingthehighestprocessingpriority,etc..ClassBproductsshouldbeundergeneralcontrolandcheckedeverythreemonths.Cproductscanbecontrolledassimplyaspossible.
Therelationbetweenorderquantityandthreekindsofcost:
undertheconditionoftotalannualdemand,thesmallertheorderquantity,thesmallertheaverageinventoryandstoragecost,thehighertheordercost.
Calculation:
annualordercost=C*(D/Q)
Annualstoragecost=C*(D/Q)
TotalinventorycostTC=C*(D/Q)+C*(D/Q)+P*D
EOQ=
Theeconomicorderintervalintervalisdefined:
theeconomicsysteminordertomakethetotalinventorycostisthelowestorderinterval,theeconomicorderintervaldecidesacertainnumberofitemsorwhenissuedorders,orordersarecarriedoutatfixedperiodoftime.
orderintervalT=1/M
MaximuminventoryquantityE=D(T+L)/N
MinimumannualtotalChenTC0=DP+DPHT0
Thedeterminationoford
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