多维教程探索研究生英语课后习题答案答案文档格式.docx

多维教程探索研究生英语课后习题答案答案文档格式.docx

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mockstheformalityofEnglishthatnolongerexistsintheseforeignUsages

8.ForeignvarietiesofEnglishareverydifferentfromtheoriginalstandardBritishEnglish,sometimestheyarebarelyrecognizable.

9.B

10.TheauthorthinksthatcommunicationismoreimportantthanthepurificationoftheEnglishlanguage.

B

1.fastdelivery（oftheproduct）/rapidkilling（ofthecustomer）

2.Pleasehangyourowncoatandhathere/diebyhangingyourself

3."

revolutionary"

ideasarebeingsold/disgustingnewideasarebeingsold

4.bestbakers/idle,lazypersons

5.thelatestrnethod/aChristiandenomination

6.adoctorforwomen'

sdiseases/regardwomenasadiseaseorwomanizer（vulgarmeaning）

7.pressthebuttonofthelifttomoveit/inefficiencyofthelift

8.howtogetservice/openthedoorandcalloutthewords“Roomservice”.（rude）

9.inanEuropeanatmosphere/acarthatrushesapersontothehospital

10.servethebestwine/ourwineisverybad;

hopeless

11.from12~14o'

clockchambermaidsarenotbusy/treatchambermaidsunfairly（withpossiblesexualmeaning）

12.thepictureswerepaintedinthelasttenyears/thepainterswereputtodeath

13.leaveyourlaundry/benakedortakeoffyourclothes

14.dancingisgoingon/veryvulgarlanguage（areferencetomalesexorgans）

15.moralrequirementforwhocansharethesameroom/impliesthatmenandwomenmustmarryinordertolivetogether

VocabularyandStructure

1--b2--d3--f

4—j5—I6--h

1.sensitive2.list3.prevalent

4.deficiency5.withheld6.certainty

7.functional8.confronte9.courtesy

10.spared11.stroke12.ambitious

13.purified14.highlights15.novelty

C

1.A.sensitiveB.senseC.sensitivity

2.A.compulsoryB.compulsionC.compulsory

3.A.LeaseB.leaseC.leasing

4.A.deviateB.deviantlyC.deviation

5.A.prevalenceB.prevalentC.prevalent

6.A.deficientB.deficiencyC.deficient

7.A.extractsB.extractingC.extracted

8.A,confrontedB.confrontationC.confronted

9.A,spareB.spareC.spare

10.A.strokeB.strokingC.stroke

D

1.C.makealternative2.B.oftakingadvantage

3.C.ofaheadinjury4.D.remains

5.A.accepted6.A.asmuchenergyas

7.C.wouldendup8.C.hasbeen

9.B.or10.D.withwhich

E

1.language2.associates3.in-laws4.total

5.responds6.swell7.Hardly8.lives

9.dreams10.aloud11.ourselves12.so

13.distinguishes14.humanity15.makes16.expressed

17.source18.newborn19.act20.tradition

Speaking

（Open）

TranslationandWriting

在过去，当探险者或商人们走出家园到外面的世界去寻找新的领地、市场或原材料资源时，他们通常与跟他们打交道的当地人说的不是同一种语言。

遇到这种情况时，他们一般采取以下三种方法之一来对付，吕口：

（1）外来人学习说当地主人的语言（或反之），

（2）他们使用当地作为贸易用的第三种语言，或（3）产生一种新的语言——这种语言是由使用者的不同母语的一些成分合成的。

在说不同语言的人群中用来作为他们共同的交际工具的语言叫混合语（交际语）。

这个名称是由在地中海地区使用的中世纪时的贸易语言派生而来的。

这种贸易语言主要基于日耳曼语（意大利语、法语和西班牙语），但也包括了一些希腊语、阿拉伯语和土耳其语的成分。

在当今世界，将英语称为最主要的交际语是合适的，因为英语是大部分说不同语言的人的交际工具。

1.Onetheoryreferstothesensitivitytothetargetlanguageasbeingoneofthemostimportantfactorsinlanguagelearning.

2.InordertohelpstudentsintheirstudyofEnglish,thelibraryhasdecidedtoleaseEnglishfilmsintheoriginaltothem.

3.Onweekends,ifoneshopputsupdiscountnotices,othershops,bigorsmall,willcomeupwithitbyputtingupmorediscountnotices.

4.Whenungrammaticalexpressionsofalanguagebecomeprevalentinsocietheywillgraduallybe~bythepublic.

5.Theclosingofthecompanywasnotcausedbyashortageofcapitalbutbymanagementdeficiency.

6.Advertisementsusuallyhighlighttheproductorservicetheyadvertisetoattractcustomers.

7.Itisarguedthatweshouldwithholdthespeedoflanguagechange;

otherwisewemayhavetolearnanewlanguageeverytwentyyears.

8.IfeelgratitudetohimbecauseeverytimeIencountereddifficultiesinmystudyhewouldhelpme.

9.Itwilltakegreatpainstoimprove/changethefinancialsituationofthefactory.

10.Thosewhoadvocatethepurityofalanguageprotectthelanguageforthe

sakeoftheirculture.

ReadingPractice

1.F2.T3.F4.T

5.T6.F7.F8.T

UnitTwo

1.iPeoplehavedifferentopinionsaboutliesbuttheydon'

tdiffermuchindefiningwhattruthis.

iiLyingisusuallyregardedasevilbutinrealitymanypeoplelie.Thisisworthyofourattention.

2.iLiesareintentionallytolduntruths/anunintentionallytolduntruthisnotalie.

iiAlmosteveryonelies.

3.iAllliesareevilandharmfulsotheyshouldbeavoided.

iiManyliesarenotevilbutarenecessaryandbeneficialtosociety.

4.Open.（Butaccordingtothewriter,）standardsregardingwhenliesareac-ceptablevarynotonlywithindividualsbutaJsowithdifferentcultures.

5.Thestatementmeansthatwhenonegrowsup,onemayhavethepainfulexperienceofrealizingthatotherpeoplemaynotholdthesameopinionabouthonestyasonedoes.Thisisbecausetherealityoftenrunscountertowhatistaughttochildren.

6.2）thosethataretoldwithintentiontoharmthelistenerorathirdparty

andtobenefittheliar

3）thosethatdon'

ttellthewholetruth（Someinformationmaybeleft

unsaid.）

4）thosethataretoldwithnointentionofbeingkept

5）thosethataretoldtodeceiveoneself

7.（Open）

8.B

9.Becauseitpreventsonefromrealizingone'

sshortcomingsandimprovingoneself.

10.Differentculturesmayhavedifferentstandardsregardingwhenliesareacceptable.（e.g.Peopleinsomeculturesfeelitismoreimportantnottohurtothersthantotellthetruth）.Itmaybehardtochangetheseculturallybasedbeliefs.

1.Peoplecannotmakesoundjudgementabout...becausewehavenottoldthemthetruth.Weshouldtrytoavoidlyingbecauseinasocietywherelyingiscommon,trustbecomesimpossible,andwithouttrust,cooperationcannotexist.

2.Yourparentsandyourculturemayteachyouthatliarswillsuffer,butinrealityyoufindthattheyoftendon'

t,（Thisiswhatone'

smoralbeliefsarecomparedwith.）Thisrealizati&

nmaymakeyoutakeaskepticalattitudetowardsyourmoralbeliefs."

It"

refersto"

therealization"

and"

them"

moralbeliefs."

Becausetheydon'

tappeartobetrue.

3.Manyoftheliesaretoldwithingovernmentcircles.Forexample,apersonmaylietothegovernment,oragovernmentofficialmaylietothepublic,whichfallsintothecategoryof"

littlewhitelie"

.Here,theauthoriscriticalofthegovernmentbecausehethinksoneperson'

s"

isanotherperson'

s"

dirtylie"

4.IntheUnitedStates,peopledonotoftentellallthetruthintheirincometaxreports,whichisconsideredanunquestionableliebythegovernment.Becausepeoplefeelthegovernmentalreadytakestoomuchoftheirearnigns.

5.Someadvertisersandpoliticiansoftenmakefalsepromises,whichruinthereputationofotheradvertisersandpoliticians.Itisimpliedherethatsomefalsepromisesarefairlyharmless,butothersaretakenmoreseriouslyandcanhurtthelistener/receiver.

6.Wehavetoberealisticaboutourdreamsandambitionsononehandanddeceiving/trickingourselvesontheother.Ifwearenot,wecan'

trecognizetheneedforchange,makethenecessarychanges,andachievesuccess.

7.Theauthorsuggeststhatifwehavenotlookedatourfaults,weshouldhonestlyexamineourselvescloselytoseewhatwereallyarelike.Berealistic.

8.Ideasaboutlyingvaryfromculturetoculture.Oneculturemayhaveahighopinionoftruthevenifithurts,whileanotherculturemayconsiderthatotherpeople'

sfeelingsaremoreimportant.

1.C2.D3.B4.A5.C

6.C7.D8.D9.D10.B

1.goingthrough2.goeswith

3.inresponseto4.grewup

5.behavinganaffairwith/havehadanaffairwith6.turnablindeyeto

7.hold...together8.watchingfor

9.incomparison10.drawalinebetween

1.A.whatis2.A.thanhave

3.D.it4.D.ignored

5.C.go6.D.wouldhebe

7.C.objectedto8.C.though

9.D.tosaysomething10.C.tohisfeet

1.to2.than3.expressing4.always

5.relief6.But7.persuaded8.cracked

9.accident10.inturn11.recalJ12.the

13.times14.exchanged15.uncovered16.solution

17.nor18.others19.mind20.leave

那些常常说谎又没有充足理由的人被称为病态说谎者。

他们会对任何事情说谎。

他们似乎无法控制说谎的；

中动。

对这些人的研究表明，他们中很多人小时候受过虐待或者来自有酗酒或有精神病家属史的家庭；

也有不少人在他们生长的家庭里，真话得不到尊重，没有人说真话。

他们似乎比常人更加强烈地需要得到别人的爱不口别人的尊重。

但事实上，他们中并非每个人都无法控制自己说谎的欲望。

没人能说清为什么有些人能克制说谎而有些入却无法克制说谎。

病态的说谎者往往没有亲近的或长期维持的私人关系。

他们非常谨慎，通常不介绍自己的熟人相互认识以免他们将听到的东西进行比较。

************

通常，北美国家的父母告诫他们的孩子说谎是坏事，他们不应该说谎。

如果说谎，他们应该感到内疚。

在欧美文化中，对一个说谎孩子的传统惩罚是用肥皂清洗他的嘴巴。

然而通过他们自己的行为，父母也会告诉孩子，在某些情况下，大多数人确实也会说谎。

因此孩子在这种双重教育下长大——他们偶尔也会说谎，但是他们会感到内疚，并且不想让别人知道他们已说了谎。

1.Differentpeoplehavedifferentopinionsaboutwhetherlyingisalwaysbadandwhetheritshouldbeavoided.

2.ThetallestbuildingsinLondonaresmallincomparisonwiththeskyscrapersofNewYork.

3.Thepointatwhichpeopledrawthelinebetweenanacceptablelieandabadlievariesfrom