红字英文介绍The-Scarlet-Letter.ppt
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红字英文介绍The-Scarlet-Letter.ppt
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红字,thescarletletter,NathanielHawthorne纳撒尼尔霍桑(1804-1864),AnAmericannovelistandshortstorywriterinthe19thcentury.HisfictionworksareconsideredpartoftheRomanticmovementand,morespecifically,darkromanticism(黑色浪漫主义).,Manyofhisworksfeaturingmoralallegories(寓言)withaPuritaninspiration.Amanofliterarycraftsmanship,extraordinaryintheuseofsymbol:
symbolsserveasaweapontoattackreality.Itcanbefoundeverywhereinhiswriting.Histhemesoftencenterontheinherentevilandsinofhumanity.Hisworksoftenhavemoralmessagesanddeeppsychologicalcomplexity.,ImportantWork,Novels:
Fanshawe(1825,范肖)TheScarletLetter(1850,红字)HouseoftheSevenGables(1851,七个尖角阁的房子)TheBlithedaleRomance(1852,福谷传奇)TheMarbleFaun(1857,玉石雕像)Shortstories:
Twice-ToldTales(1837,故事重述)MossesFromanOldManse(1846,古屋青苔),Background,17thCenturyBoston,Massachusetts,NewEnglandcolonyPuritan清教徒:
PuritansbelievedGodandSatanwerepresentineveryonessoul.Theywereconstantlyfightingagainsteachother.Theybelievedthattherelationshipofanindividualtothecommunitywasanimportantconcern.Antinomian唯信仰论者:
主张基督徒可以废弃道德,依靠信仰来拯救灵魂。
Quaker教友派:
靠内心意识指引的教派Witch巫女,TheScarletLetter:
Background,ThesettingofTheScarletLetterisBostoninthe1640s.PersecutedinEngland,thePuritanscametoNorthAmericatoformtheirowncommunities.LifeintheColonieswasharsh,butitgavethePuritanstheopportunitytoformasocietybasedontheirreligiousideals.Puritanssoughtthefreedomtolivebytheirbeliefs.However,thePuritanleadersdidnottoleratereligiousbeliefsthatdifferedfromtheirown.,Introduction,TheScarletLettertoldastoryofapuritanwomanHesterPrynnewhowaspunishedtowearascarletAwhichstoodforthecrimeofadultery.TheprettyyoungladytriedtosettledowninBostonwithheroldanduglyhusbandChillinggworth,ascholar.Butthelatterdidnotappearforyears.Duringthistime,HestercommittedadulterywithalocalMinsterDimmesdale,andgavebirthtoagirlPearl.Facingtheterriblepunishment,Hesterrefusedtogiveherloversnameawaytoprotecthim.Yearslater,thehusbandChillinggworthcametothetownandfoundoutthewholetruth,andheoperatedanhorrorrevengeonDimmesdale,withhidinghisowntruename.Yet,asthestorygoing,HesterandDimmesdalebecamesympatheticfigures,whileChillinggworthwasadevilatlast.Justbecauseoftheending,TheScarletLetterwasdefinedasnothingbutacoarseandvulgarbookwithideasthatwouldpervertthemindsofreaders,whenitwaspublishedatfirst.Howeverpeoplerealizedthatitwasathoughtfulbookwithgreatvalueandworthytostudyagainandagain.,Theachievementsofthenovel,TheAnalysisofVariousSubjectsOnthethinkingside,thetopicsofthoseachievementsvariedaswidelyasfromfeminismtonineteenth-centurymaleidentities,fromPuritanismtoRaceandSlavery,fromTranscendentalismtoPolicy.Forinstance,fromthepointofreligion,FengGuolingsaidthereligiousethicsstoppedtheauthorfromunitingtheloverswithwedlock,TheStudyofWritingSkillsItisthefirstpointthathewasgoodatputtingsymbolsintofullplay.Thesecondoneisthephantasmagoriathatwasimbeddedintohisnovel.TheUseofIntertextualReadingThismodecoverstwopartsthatintertextualreadingofdifferentliteraryworksaswellasofliteraryworksandhistory.,Incontrast,thestudiesofHawthorneinAmerica,putfocusontheconceptofromancewithdrawingontheachievementsofsciencecommunity,likeelectrictheory.Therearesomanygreatachievementsconcerningallkindsofideas,however,whenreadersthinkofHawthornesattitudetoreligion,theyarelimitedtotheideathatHawthornewasinadilemma:
eitherbetrayhisreligionordepressthenature.ButinfactHawthornefoundthebalancebetweentheminTheScarletLetterwhenhetreatedreligionasatoolofregulationfunctionratherthanpurebelief.相比之下,中国的研究主要是文学研究,而美国则关注于作品中的科学原理。
虽然研究众多,但是读者在思考霍桑的宗教态度时候总是认为霍桑处于两难境地,是背叛信仰还是抑制人性。
但是在红字中,霍桑其实已经找到了两者之间的平衡点他把宗教当成是一种具有调节社区的工具而不是纯粹的信仰,MajorcharactersinTheScarletLetter,HesterPrynne,ArthurDimmesdale,RogerChillingworth,daughter,lover,husband,heroine,Pearl,Charactersinthethescarletletter,HesterPrynneHesterisportrayedasanintelligent,capable,woman.Shespeculatesonhumannature,socialorganization,andlargermoralquestions.Hesterstribulationsalsoleadhertobestoicandafreethinker.Shecaresforthepoorandbringsthemfoodandclothing.,ArthurDimmesdaleDimmesdalewasascholar.ThefactthatHestertakesalloftheblamefortheirsharedsingoadshisconscience,andhisresultantmentalanguishandphysicalweaknessopenuphismindandallowhimtoempathizewithothers.ThepersonalguiltdrivesDimmesdaletofurtherinternalizehisguiltandself-punishmentandleadstostillmoredeteriorationinhisphysicalandspiritualcondition.,Charactersinthethescarletletter,RogerChillingworthRoge
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- 红字 英文 介绍 The Scarlet Letter
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