英语句型转换Word格式文档下载.docx
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英语句型转换Word格式文档下载.docx
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一、陈述句与疑问句、祈使句、感叹句间的转换
1、陈述句中肯定句变为否定句,大部分是用not来改变谓语结构,但也有借用否定意义的词,如nothing,nobody,none,neither,little,few,never,hardly等,例如:
:
A:
Tomdoeswellinmaths.变否定句
B:
Tomdoesn’tdoinmaths.
Hehasmuchtodo.变否定句
Hehasnothingtodo.
Allofmyclassmateslikeart.变否定句
Noneofmyclassmateslikesart.
2、改为疑问句。
根据上下句的结构和词的减少,来判断变为哪一种形式的疑问句。
例如:
Mybrotheroftenhasbreakfastatschool.
Doesyourbrotheroftenhavebreakfastatschool?
Tom’salreadyweakinEnglish.
Tom’salreadyweakinEnglish,isn’the?
Theredlightchangeseverytwominutes.
Howoftendoestheredlightchange?
3、改为感叹句。
根据所给的句子结构和单词的词性,来确定使用哪一种感叹句的形式,例如:
Thisisaninterestingbook.
Whataninterestingbookthisis!
或Howinterestingthisbookis!
二、同义句转换。
根据上句,写出一个意思相同(或相近)的下句,此类形式繁多,内容复杂,涉及面广,归类如下:
1、同义词或词组之间的转换。
(通常上下句时态保持一致)。
常见的同义词或词组有:
(1)四个“花费”(spend—take—cost—take);
(2)三个“到达”(getto—reach—arrivein/at);
(3)四个“收到…来信”(hearfrom—getaletterfrom—receivealetterfrom—havealetterfrom);
(4)两个“擅长于…”(begoodat—dowellin);
(5)两个“有空”(befree—havetime);
(6)三个“入睡”(gotosleep—gettosleep—fallasleep);
(7)两个“玩得开心”(enjoyoneself—haveagoodtime);
(8)“给…打电话”(callsb—telephonesb—ringsb.acall—makeatelephonetosb.)(9)“飞往…”(flyto…—goto…byair/plane)(10)“自学”(teachoneself—learn…byoneself)(11)在…方面帮助help…with…—help…(to)do…(12)在…差beweakin…—dobadlyin…(13)能/会…can—beableto(14)更喜欢…like…betterthan…—prefer…to…(15)充满了…befullof…—befilledwith…(16)放弃干…giveupdoing…—stopdoing…(17)不再…nolonger—not…anylonger(18)照顾/保管takecareof…—lookafter(19)展览onshow—ondisplay(20)阻止…干…stop…fromdoing—keep/prevent…fromdoing…(21)由于thanksto—becauseof…(22)举手handsup—putupone’shands(23)最后,终于atlast—intheend(24)与…不同bedifferentfrom…—benotthesameas…(25)从…借入…borrow…from…—lend…to…(26)乘公汽/火车/的士goto…bybus/train/taxi—takeabus/train/taxito…(27)乘自行车去…goto…bybike—rideabiketo…(28)为…感到自豪beproudof…—betheprideof…(29)步行去…walkto…—goto…onfoot(30)独自地byoneself—alone等。
Thechildrenhadagoodtimeinthepark.
Thechildrenenjoyedthemselvesinthepark.
2、同义句型之间的转化。
常见的同义句型有①Itseemsthat从句→Somebodyseems(tobe)+adj/n②It’skindofsb.todo…→Somebodyiskindtodo…③Whatdoes…mean?
→Whatdoyoumeanby…?
或What’sthemeaningof…?
④Thereissomethingwrongwith…→Somethingiswrongwith…⑤not…until…与when/after/before引导的时间状语从句的转换⑥What’swrongwith…?
→What’sthematterwith…?
⑦Howis…?
→What’s…like…?
⑧Howdoyoulike…?
→Whatdoyouthinkof?
⑧It’stimethat…→It’stimeforsb.todo…⑨It’ssaidthat…→Peoplesaythat…⑩CanIhelpyou?
→WhatcanIdoforyou?
IwenttobedafterIfinishedmyhomework.
Ididn’tgotobeduntilIfinishedmyhomework.
3、if引导的条件状语从句的转化。
Ifitdoesn’traintomorrow,they’llgotothepark.
Unlessitrainstomorrow,they’llgotothepark.
Ifyoudon’thurry,you’llbelate.
Hurryup,oryou’llbelate.
Fishcan’tliveifthereisnowater.
Fishcan’tlivewithoutwater.
4、现在完成时态中的一句多译。
在现在完成时态中,结束性动词不能与时间段连用,必须改成相应的延续性动词。
常见的动词转换有:
buy—have,borrow—keep,die—bedead,open—beopen,join—bein+组织/bea+成员,begin—beon,leave—beawayfrom,close—beclosed,arrivein/getto/come/goto—bein/at,finsh—beover,gotosleep—beasleep,getup—beup.
Theoldmandiedfivemonthsago.
Theoldmanhasbeendeadsincefivemonthsago.
Theoldmanhasbeendeadforfivemonths.
It’sfivemonthssincetheoldmandied.
Fivemonthshaspassedsincetheoldmandied.
5、简单句与复合句之间的转换。
①含宾语从句的复合句与简单句的转换。
Isawtheywereplayingfootballontheplayground.
Isawthemplayingfootballontheplayground.
Theteacherfoundthatshewasveryclever.
Theteacherfoundherveryclever.
HefoundthatitwashardtolearnEnglishwell.
HefoundithardtolearnEnglishwell.
Wearesurethatwewillwintofirstmatch.
Wearesuretowintofirstmatch.
由疑问代词/副词引导的宾语从句可转化为“疑问句+不定式”结构。
CouldyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?
Couldyoutellmehowtogettotherailwaystation?
Wedon’tknowwhatweshoulddonext.
Wedon’tknowwhattodonext.
②由when/after/before/while/since/until引导的时间状语从句可转化为when/after/before/while/sine/until+doing…
Theywenthomeaftertheyfinishedtheirwork.
Thewenthomeafterfinishingtheirwork.
MrSmithhastaughtEnglishsincehecametoChina.
MrSmithhastaughtEnglishsincecomingtoChina.
Whensb.+be+数词+yearsold→attheageof+岁数
Whenhewastwelveyearsold,Edisonstartedwritinghisownnewspaper.
Attheageoftwelve,Edisonstartedwritinghisownnewspaper.
③由so…that…引导的结果状语从句可转化为too…todo或…enoughtodo……例如:
TheboxissoheavythatIcan’tcarryit.
Theboxistooheavyformetocarry.
或:
Theboxisn’tlightenoughformetocarry.
Thechildissooldthathecangotoschool.
Thechildisoldenoughtogotoschool.
④由sothat引导的目的状语从句可转化为inordertodo例如:
Myfathergotupearlythismorningsothathecouldcatchtheearlybus.
Myfathergotupearlythismorninginordertocatchtheearlybus.
⑤由because引导的原因状语从句可转化为becauseof…例如:
Wedidn’tgototheparkbecauseitrained.
Wedidn’tgototheparkbecauseoftherain.
⑥定语从句可以转化为介词短语或分词短语。
ThemanwhoisonthebikeisJim.
ThemanonthebikeisJim.
Themanwhoisdrivingtheredcarismyboss.
Themandrivingtheredcarismyboss.
ThegirlwhoiscalledMaryismysister.
ThegirlcalledMaryismysister.
6、用并列连词neither…nor;
either…or…;
both…and…;
notonly…butalso…连句。
Ihaven’tseenaTVplayforlong,andLilyhasn’teither.
NeitherInorLilyhasseenaTVplayforlong.
Tomisgoodatmaths,andheisgoodatFrench,too.
TomisgoodatbothmathsandFrench.
neither…nor…,either…or…和notonly…butalso…连接两个主语时,谓语动词依靠近它的主语而定,即“就近原则”,但是both…and用来连接两个主语时,谓语复数。
7、主动语与被动语态的互变。
“主动”变“被动”实行“三变二不变”原则。
“三变”即是主语,谓语和宾语的变化,“二不变”即时态不变,句式不变。
Theymakewatchesinthetown.
Watchesaremadebytheminthetown.
Icanfinishtheworkbeforeeight.
Theworkcanbefinished(byme)beforeeight.
DotheygrowriceinSouthChina?
IsricegrowninSouthChina?
注:
使役性动词make或感观性动词see/watch/lookat/hear/listento/feel在主动语态中所带省to的不定式宾补变为被动语态时,必须加上to.
Isawhimtakeyourumbrella.
Hewasseentotakeyourumbrella.
8、形容词、副词二级之间的转化,例如
Chineseisthemostimportantsubjectofall.
Chineseismoreimportantthananyothersubject.
Thisexerciseiseasierthantheothertwo.
Thisexerciseistheeasiestofthethree.
Ⅵ.解题指导
要做好句型转换题,必须注意如下几点:
1、注重掌握教材中的基本句和同一句子英语的不同结构表达技巧。
2、弄清题意,明确题目考查点,了解题目所给句子与答句之间的关系。
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