第3讲动词的语态Word格式文档下载.docx
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第3讲动词的语态Word格式文档下载.docx
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glass
is
broken.(系表结构)
broken
boy.(被动语态)
2.如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时,一般为被动语态
magazine
published
in
Shanghai.。
(被动语态)
door
locked.(系表结构)
has
already/just
been
locked.(被动语态)
shop
opened.(系表结构)
opened
at
8
a.m.
everyday.(被动语态)
3.被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外,还可以用于其他各种时态,而系表结构中的系动词be只有一般时态和完成时态。
二、被动语态的用法
1.不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
Some
new
computers
were
stolen
last
night.
This
book
1981.
2.
强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。
written
him.
Eight
hours
per
day
for
sleep
must
be
guaranteed.
3.出于修辞需要
He
went
to
country
and
warmly
welcomed.
他去了那个国家并受到热烈欢迎。
三、主动语态变被动语态的方法
1.把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
2.把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词),根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数,以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式。
3.把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。
All
people
laughed
him.=
all
They
make
bikes
factory.=
are
madeby
themin
factory.
四、含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时,由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成,原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。
We
can
repair
watch
two
days.
=
repaired
You
ought
take
it
away.
It
taken
should
do
once.
done
once
五.不能用被动语态的几种情况:
①所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用被动语态,如:
place,
happen,
burst
out,
break
belong
to,
occur,
appear,
last,
rise,
come,
go,
show
up,
turn
fade,
disappear,
run,
walk,
stand,
lie,
exist,
rest,
fail等;
meeting
broke
up
dusk.
②表示状态;
拥有或归属;
希望、意图的谓语动词,如:
last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit、join、mean、look
like、consist
to;
have、own、belong
wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。
③主动语态中,宾语是反身代词或相互代词each
other时,不能成为被动语态中的主语。
④主动句中的宾语是同源宾语、不定式或动名词等时,不用被动语态。
⑤主动形式表被动意义
a)系动词feel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容词时;
fish
smells
good.
b)描述物体物理属性的动词,如:
cut,
sell,
wear,
tear,
wash,
operate,
work等;
pen
writes
smoothly.
These
novels
won’t
sell
well.
kind
of
cloth
washes
easily.
lock.
c)在“be
形容词
do”的结构中,若不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语,则用主动代被动。
water
isn’t
fit
drink.
girl
easy
get
along
with.
d)一些固定结构
Something
needs/wants/requires
doing.
(=needs/wants/requires
done)
worth
reading
carefully
With
a
lot
homework
do,
have
no
time
fun.
blame(受谴责)、be
rent(出租)
六.被动形式表示主动意义,如:
seated、be
hidden、be
lost、be
drunk、be
dressed等。
seated
on
bench.
hidden
behind
door.
(=He
hid
himself
door.)
dressed
red
short
skirt.
七、常考考点
考点一:
不能用于被动语态的动词和词组
cometrue,consistof,takeplace,happen,become,rise,occur,belong,breakout,appear,arrive,die,fall,last,exist,fail,succeed
Ittookplacebeforeliberation.
考点二:
下列动词的主动语态表示被动意义,而且常与well,quite,easily,badly等副词连用。
lock(锁);
wash(洗);
sell(卖);
read(读);
wear(穿);
blame(责备);
ride(乘坐);
write(写);
Glassbreakseasily.玻璃容易破碎。
Thecarridessmoothly.这车走起来很稳。
Thecaselockseasily.这箱子很好锁。
Thebooksellswell.这本书很畅销。
考点三:
一些常用经典被动句型:
Itissaid…,Itisreported…,Itiswidelybelieved…,Itisexpected…,Itisestimated…,这些句子一般翻译为“据说……”,“人们认为……”,
而“以前人们认为……”则应该说:
Itwasbelieved…,Itwasthought
(15-20分钟)
1).Insomepartsoftheworld,tea___withmilkandsugar.(NMET1993)
A.isservingB.isservedC.servesD.served
2).ThisisTed’sphone.Wemisshimalot.He___tryingtosaveachildintheearthquake.(NMET2002)
A.killedB.iskilledC.waskilledD.waskilling
3).----Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?
----Notyet,therooms_____.(NMET1991)
A.arebeingpaintedB.arepaintingC.arepaintedD.arebeingpainting
4).Whenandwheretogofortheon-salaryholiday___yet.(上海春2003)
A.arenotdecidedB.havenotbeendecided
C.isnotbeingdecidedD.hasnotbeendecided
5).Themanagerenteredtheofficeandwashappytolearnthatfour-fifthsofthetickets___.(上海春2001)
A.wasbookedB.hadbeenbookedC.werebookedD.havebeenbooked
1)解析
B
因为serve是及物动词,其动作承受者tea作主语,表示经常发生的情况,故用一般现在时的被动语态。
2).解析
C
Ted是kill的承受者,用被动语态,且Ted救人发生在过去,所以用一般过去时的被动语态
3).
解析
A
“house”和“paint”应该是被动的关系,排除B,D。
后者未搬进新居的原因是房子正在油漆,所以要用现在进行时的被动语态。
不能用一般现在时表示习惯性动作,排除C。
4).
D
decide是及物动词,动作的发出者通常是人,句中的主语是动作的承受者,所以decide要用被动语态。
从题干的语境和关键词yet,可判断用现在完成时,不定式做主语用单数,故用现在完成时的被动语态。
5).
句中tickets是book(订票)的承受者,主谓为被动关系,又因票已被订出应发生在entered
office这个过去动作之前,所以要用过去完成时的被动语态。
分A、B、C三档难度,A是必须掌握,B是拔高,C是备选(给尖子生准备)
A类
()1._____anewlibrary_____inourschoollastyear?
A.Is;
builtB.Was;
builtC.Does;
buildD.Did;
build
()2.Anaccident____onthisroadlastweek.
A.hasbeenhappenedB.washappenedC.ishappenedD.happened
()3.Cotton(棉花)____inthesoutheastofChina.
A.isgrownB.aregrownC.growsD.grow
()4.Sofar,themoon____bymanalready.
A.isvisitedB.willbevisitedC.hasbeenvisitedD.wasvisited
()5.AtalkonChinesehistory_____intheschoolhallnextweek.
A.isgivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.gives
()6.Howmanytrees____thisyear?
A.areplantedB.willplantC.havebeenplantedD.planted
()7.Alotofthings____bypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.
A.aredoingB.arebeingdoneC.hasbeendoneD.willbedone
()8.--When___thiskindofcomputers______?
--Lastyear.
A.did;
useB.was;
usedC.is;
usedD.are;
used
()9.TheGreatWall____allovertheworld.
A.knowsB.knewC.isknownD.wasknown
()10.Who_____thisbook_____?
writtenB.was;
writtenbyC.did;
writtenD.was;
written
()11.Astory_____byGrannyyesterday.
A.wastoldusB.wastoldtousC.istoldusD.toldus
()12.Themonkeywasseen_____offthetree.
A.jumpB.jumpsC.jumpedD.tojump
()13.Theschoolbag___behindthechair.
A.putsB.canbeputC.canbeputtedD.canput
()14.Olderpeople____well.
A.looksafterB.mustbelookedafterC.mustlookafterD.lookedafter
()15.Ourteacher______carefully.
A.shouldbelistenedtoB.shouldbelistenC.belistenedD.islistened
B类
二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。
(请注意时态和语态两个方面)
1.It'
ssaid(据说)thatthelongbridge______________(build)intwomonths.
2.Wheretohavethemeeting______________(discuss)now.
3.Whichlanguage_______themostwidely_______(speak)intheworld?
4.Thelostboy_____________(notfind)sofar.
5.Lastyearalargenumberoftrees______________(cut)down.
6.Thestudents_____often_____(tell)totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs.
7.Theoldmanisill.He______(mustsend)tothehospital.
8.Vegetables,eggsandfruits_________(sell)inthisshop.
9.What_______knives______(make)of?
They_______________(make)ofmetal(金属)andwood.
10.Canthemagazine___took_____(take)outofthelibrary?
11.Theroom_____________(clean)bymeeveryday.
12.Thestarscan’t_____________(see)inthedaytime.
13.Someflowers_______________(water)byLiMingalready.
14.Thiskindofshoes__________(sell)well.
15.Howlong_____youruncle______(be)inthecity?
16.Thefood_____________(smell)delicious.
17.Look!
Someone__________(dance).
C类
1.
----Where
your
money?
----My
money
was_______.
A.
robbed
B.
lost
C.
not
here
more
D.
2.
washing
machine
_______by
engineer
right
now.
being
going
3.
Shortly
afterwards,
noticed
my
satisfaction
that
their
work
_______.
improved
B.
improvedD.
would
4.
believed
using
production
factory_____.
A.
will
greatly
increase
increased
5.
Anti-Japanese
War
_______in
1937.
out
happened
6.
"
Don``t
worried.The
doctor_______"
.
sent
send
7.
Motors
electricity.
run
made
running
8.
Because
patient``s
health,_______.
he
advised
doctor
lose
weight
losing
him
C.
doctor``s
advice
what
9.
hospital
three
months.
completed
complete.
10.
farmers
______from
morning
till
night
landlord.
working
worked
。
(5分钟)
(留给学生写:
对本节课方法、模型、思路、公式、原理进行提炼和总结,并让学生牢记)
(
)1._____
library
_____
our
school
year?
Is;
built
Was;
Does;
build
Did
;
)2.
An
accident
____
road
week.
has
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