Windows NT Browser v40docWord文件下载.docx
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Windows NT Browser v40docWord文件下载.docx
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4.0operatingsystem–basedclientworkstationsandservers.
©
1999MicrosoftCorporation.Allrightsreserved.
TheinformationcontainedinthisdocumentrepresentsthecurrentviewofMicrosoftCorporationontheissuesdiscussedasofthedateofpublication.BecauseMicrosoftmustrespondtochangingmarketconditions,itshouldnotbeinterpretedtobeacommitmentonthepartofMicrosoft,andMicrosoftcannotguaranteetheaccuracyofanyinformationpresentedafterthedateofpublication.
ThisWhitePaperisforinformationalpurposesonly.MICROSOFTMAKESNOWARRANTIES,EXPRESSORIMPLIED,INTHISDOCUMENT.
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Otherproductorcompanynamesmentionedhereinmaybethetrademarksoftheirrespectiveowners.
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0599
Contents
Introduction1
MSBrowsingOverview2
MicrosoftNetworkBrowserSystem2
HowServersManageBrowsingforMicrosoftNetworking2
MultiprotocolConsiderations3
MasterBrowserElections3
RoleofMasterBrowsers5
RoleofBackupBrowsers5
RoleofDomainMasterBrowsers5
BrowserFailureswithMicrosoftNetworking6
HowServersAnnounceThemselvesinMicrosoftNetworks7
NetBIOSSpecialNames7
SamplesofNetBIOSSpecialNames8
HowClientsReceiveBrowserInformation10
MicrosoftTCP/IPandNameResolution12
NetBIOSoverTCP/IP12
ComputerNameandHostNameResolutionwithNetBIOSoverTCP/IP13
WANBrowsingwithWINSonanIPNetwork15
TroubleshootingBrowsing17
ForMoreInformation21
AppendixA:
BrowsinginaSwitchedEnvironment22
AppendixB:
TheMultihomedWindowsNTBrowser23
AppendixC:
WindowsNTPrinterBrowsing24
AppendixD:
WindowsNTBrowserComponents26
AppendixE:
WindowsNTBrowserRegistryOptions28
AppendixF:
windows
NTBrowserErrorCodes31
AppendixG:
NetworkLayersInvolvedinBrowsing36
MACLayer36
NetworkLayer36
NetBIOSLayer36
SMBLayer36
AppendixH:
WindowsNTBrowserProtocolFrames38
ServerTypeField38
HostAnnouncementFrame38
LocalMasterAnnouncementFrame40
Domain/WorkGroupAnnouncementFrame41
AnnouncementRequestFrame42
ElectionFrame42
BecomeBackupFrame43
GetBackupListRequestFrame43
GetBackupListResponseFrame44
MasterAnnouncementFrame44
ResetBrowserStateFrame44
Introduction
MaintaininganaccurateandefficientbrowselistonthenetworkisimportanttopicforMicrosoftcustomers.Thistechnicalpaperprovidesup-to-dateinformationonMicrosoftnetworkbrowserarchitectureandreferencematerialforadvancedtroubleshootingofbrowsingissues.
Thebrowselistcanbeaccuratelymaintainedinanyenvironmentifthebrowserarchitecture,capabilities,andthewayinwhichthenetworktopologyaffectsthebrowser’sabilitytogatherinformationonthenetworkaretakenintoconsideration.
UnderstandingtheoperationofthebrowserservicesavailableonMicrosoftoperatingsystemsiscriticalineffectivetroubleshooting.Forexample,thebrowserservicereliesonbroadcastswhengatheringinformationlocallyandneedstheservicesofWINSorothername-resolutionmethodstopassabrowselisttoremotenetworks.Thedetailsofthisprocessandthemethodsusedarepresentedinthispaper.
Thispapershoulddispelsomecommonmisunderstandingsaboutthebrowselist.Thepresenceorlackofacomputernameinthebrowselistdoesnotgiveaclearindicationofthecomputer’sstatusonthenetwork.Adelayingatheringabrowselistmayoccurduetovariouscircumstances;
however,asystemcantypicallybecontacteddirectlyeventhoughitcannotbefoundinNetworkNeighborhood.Asystemmissingfromthebrowselistshouldnotbeacauseforimmediateconcern,unlessthesystemisconsistentlymissing.
Althoughtheprimaryfocusofthispaperistogivenetworkadministratorsanunderstandingofbrowserarchitecture,italsodealswithtroubleshootingsituationswherethebrowselistisinaccurateorunavailable.
MSBrowsingOverview
MicrosoftNetworkBrowserSystem
ThebrowserisanetworkresourceenumerationtoolfirstcreatedforLANManager1.0.WindowsforWorkgroupsenhancedthebrowsertomakeittrulyclient/server,andfinallyitwasenhancedfordomainbrowsingonaWindows
operatingsystem–basednetwork.TheMicrosoftnetworkingbrowsermaintainsalistcalledthebrowselist.Thebrowselistisanenumerationofalltheavailableservers,workgroups,anddomains(forWindows
NTandLANManagernetworks).Forexample,whenauserattemptstoconnecttoanynetworkresource,usingNetworkNeighborhood,thelistofserversthatappearsisthebrowselist.Thebrowselistisprovidedbyabrowserinthelocalcomputer’sworkgroupordomain.
TheMicrosoftnetworkingbrowsersystemconsistsofadomainmasterbrowser,masterbrowsers,backupbrowsers,andclientcomputers.Thedomainmasterbrowsermaintainsthecompletedomainbrowselist.Themasterbrowsersperiodicallyquerythedomainmasterbrowsertoobtainacompletelistofdomainresources.Themasterbrowsermaintainsthebrowselistandperiodicallysendscopiestothebackupbrowsers.Whenabrowserclientneedsinformation,itobtainsthecurrentbrowselistbysendingaNetServerEnum2calltoeitherthemasterbrowserorabackupbrowser.
NetServerEnum2returnsinformationabouttheservertype(SV_TYPE_SERVER)entriesinadomainorworkgroup.Itallowsclientcomputerstoviewaspecificsetofserversintheworkgroupordomain.NetServerEnum2providesaservertypemaskthatallowsuserstoqueryforvarioustypesofservers,suchasworkstations,servers,timeservers,domaincontrollers,andsoon.PrinterbrowsingandWindowsTerminalServerclientsrelyonthistypeofbrowsingtoenumeratetheirrespectiveresources
ThiscentralizedbrowserarchitectureforWindowsnetworkingresourcesreducesthenumberofbroadcastdatagramsonthenetwork.Adatagramisanetworkpacketthatissenttoamailslotonaspecifiedcomputer(a
directeddatagram)ortoamailslotonanynumberofcomputers(a
broadcastdatagram).Thecentralizedbrowserarchitecturealsoreducesthedemandsontheclientcomputer’sCPUandmemory.
Note:
ForMicrosoftnetworkingusingtheMicrosoftTCP/IPprotocol,broadcastnameresolutionisadirectimplementationofRequestforComments(RFCs)1001and1002(NetBIOSServiceProtocols).ThisimplementationofNetBIOSoverTCP/IPiswhollycompliantwiththeRFCs,anddoesnotinvolveanymethodofwhathasbeenreferredtoasNetBEUIencapsulation.FormoreinformationaboutNetBIOSoverTCP/IP(NetBT),seethediscussionofnameresolutionforWindows-basednetworkinginWindows
NTServerNetworkingGuide.
HowServersManageBrowsingforMicrosoftNetworking
InaWindows
NTdomain,everyWindows
NTServer–basedcomputerisabrowser.Theprimarydomaincontroller(PDC),ifthereisone,isthedomainmasterbrowser,andtheothercomputersrunningWindows
NTServer,Windows
NTWorkstation,ortheWindows®
95operatingsystemarebackupbrowsers.IfthereismorethanoneWindows
NTServer–basedcomputerinthedomain,nocomputerrunningWindows
NTWorkstationorWindows
95shouldeverbeamasterbrowserinthedomain.InaworkgroupcontainingcomputersrunningWindows95andWindows
NTWorkstation,thereisalwaysonemasterbrowser.IfthereareatleasttwoWindows
95-orWindows
NTWorkstation–basedcomputersintheworkgroup,thereisalsoonebackupbrowser.Forevery32computersrunningWindows
95andWindows
NTWorkstationintheworkgroup,thereisanotherbackupbrowser.Thefollowingsectiondescribeshowcomputersbecomebrowsersandsummarizestherolesplayedbymasterandbackupbrowsers.
MultiprotocolConsiderations
Thebrowsermaintainsallofitsserverinformationonaper-transportbasis.Atransportisthephysicalnetworkcardboundtoaprotocol.WhenaclientapplicationissuesaNetServerEnumcall,thecoderunningontheworkstationenumeratesalltheservicednetworksandforwardstheNetServerEnumcalltoabrowserserverforthatparticulartransport.Whenabrowserserverreceivestherequest,itreturnsonlythoseserversonthesamenetworkfromwhichitreceivedthetransactionoriginally.Therefore,browsingoccursoneachtransportindependently,regardlessofotheravailabletransports.
MasterBrowserElections
EachcomputerrunningWindows95,WindowsforWorkgroups,Windows
NTWorkstation,orWindows
NTServerhasconfigurationsettingsthatdeterminewhetherthatcomputercanbecomeabrowser.ForserversrunningWindowsNT,thevalueforMaintainServerListforthebrowserservicedeterminesitspossibleroleasabrowser.Bydefault,serversareconfiguredtohavethepotentialtobecomebrowsers.Unlesstheserverisspecificallyconfiguredtoneverbeabrowser,theMicrosoftnetworkingbrowserservicestartsautomaticallywhenthecomputerstarts,andtheserverannouncesitselfonthenetworkingusingthespecialNetBIOSname<
DOMAIN>
<
1e>
.
Amasterbrowserelectionalwaysoccursinthefollowingcircumstances:
∙Whenacomputercannotfinditsmasterbrowseratsystemstartup
∙Whenacomputerdeterminesthatamasterbrowserhasdisappeared
∙WhenacomputerrunningWindows
NTServerstarts(thatis,apreferredmasterbrowserisstarted)
Whenanyserverneedstoforceamasterbrowserelection,itnotifiestheotherbrowsersonthesystembybroadcastinganelectiondatagramthatcontainsthesendingbrows
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