托福阅读第八阶段文档格式.docx
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托福阅读第八阶段文档格式.docx
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-----------虽然B,但是A
对比混淆:
A和B进行对比。
--------------A和C进行对比。
GreenIcebergsTPO2
Passage3:
Oneexplanationforgreenicebergsattributestheircolortoanopticalillusionwhenblueiceisilluminatedbyanear-horizonredSun,butgreenicebergsstandoutamongwhiteandblueicebergsunderagreatvarietyoflightconditions.
3.Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinthepassage?
○Oneexplanationnotesthatgreenicebergsstandoutamongothericebergsunderagreatvarietyoflightconditions,butthisisattributedtoanopticalillusion.
○Oneexplanationforthecolorofgreenicebergsattributestheircolortoanopticalillusionthatoccurswhenthelightfromanear-horizonredSunshinesonablueiceberg.
○Oneexplanationforgreenicebergsattributestheircolortoagreatvarietyoflightconditions,butgreenicebergsstandoutbestamongothericebergswhenilluminatedbyanear-horizonredSun.
○Oneexplanationattributesthecolorofgreenicebergstoanopticalillusionunderspeciallightconditions,butgreenicebergsappeardistinctfromothericebergsunderagreatvarietyoflightconditions.
让步转折关系中,重点永远在转折之后
TheoriginsoftheatreTPO1
Paragraph6:
Butneitherthehumanimitativeinstinctnorapenchantforfantasybyitselfleadstoanautonomoustheater.Therefore,additionalexplanationsareneeded.Onenecessaryconditionseemstobeasomewhatdetachedviewofhumanproblems.Forexample,onesignofthisconditionistheappearanceofthecomicvision,sincecomedyrequiressufficientdetachmenttoviewsomedeviationsfromsocialnormsasridiculousratherthanasseriousthreatstothewelfareoftheentiregroup.Anotherconditionthatcontributestothedevelopmentofautonomoustheateristheemergenceoftheaestheticsense.Forexample,someearlysocietiesceasedtoconsidercertainritesessentialtotheirwell-beingandabandonedthem,nevertheless,theyretainedaspartsoftheiroraltraditionthemythsthathadgrownuparoundtheritesandadmiredthemfortheirartisticqualitiesratherthanfortheirreligioususefulness.
12.Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinthepassage?
○Asociety’sritesweremorelikelytoberetainedintheoraltraditionifitsmythswereadmiredforartisticqualities.
○Theartisticqualityofamythwassometimesanessentialreasonforasocietytoabandonitfromtheoraltradition.
○Someearlysocietiesstoppedusingmythsintheirreligiouspracticeswhenritesceasedtobeseenasusefulforsocialwell-being.
○Mythssometimessurvivedinasociety’straditionbecauseoftheirartisticqualitiesevenaftertheywerenolongerdeemedreligiouslybeneficial.
当论述两个事物时,往往设置张冠李戴的出错方式。
Electricityfromwindonlinetest
Paragraph
5:
Large
wind
farms
might
also
interfere
with
the
flight
patterns
of
migratory
birdsin
certain
areas,
and
they
have
killed
large
birds
prey
(especially
hawks,
falcons,
eagles)that
prefer
to
hunt
along
same
ridge
lines
that
are
ideal
for
turbines.
8.
Which
sentences
below
best
expresses
essential
information
in
highlightedsentence
passage?
Incorrect
choices
change
meaning
important
ways
or
leave
outessential
information.
○Hawks,
eagles
lines,
where
turbines
can
kill
largenumbers
birds.
○Wind
occasionally
cause
their
andtherefore
may
areas
hunt.
○Some
locations
places
problems
formigrating
prey.
○Large
thus
create
a
moreideal
path
总结
正确选项一定是原句的同义的替换,替换方式:
1.在原句序不变的情况下进行词汇的同义替换
2.对原句进行的总结性的重复
复合句,先看句间关系,在抓SVO
简单句,直接抓SVO
MineralsandPlantsTPO5
Onlyrecentlyhaveinvestigatorsconsideredusingtheseplantstocleanupsoilandwastesitesthathavebeencontaminatedbytoxiclevelsofheavymetals–anenvironmentallyfriendlyapproachknownasphytoremediation.Thisscenariobeginswiththeplantingofhyperaccumulatingspeciesinthetargetarea,suchasanabandonedmineoranirrigationpondcontaminatedbyrunoff.Toxicmineralswouldfirstbeabsorbedbyrootsbutlaterrelocatedtothestemandleaves.Aharvestoftheshootswouldremovethetoxiccompoundsoffsitetobeburnedorcompostedtorecoverthemetalforindustrialuses.Afterseveralyearsofcultivationandharvest,thesitewouldberestoredatacostmuchlowerthanthepriceofexcavationandreburial,thestandardpracticeforremediationofcontaminatedsoils.Forexamples,infieldtrials,theplantalpinepennycressremovedzincandcadmiumfromsoilsnearazincsmelter,andIndianmustard,nativetoPakistanandIndia,hasbeeneffectiveinreducinglevelsofseleniumsaltsby50percentincontaminatedsoils.
10.Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinthepassage?
○Beforeconsideringphytoremediation,hyperaccumulatingspeciesofplantslocaltothetargetareamustbeidentified.
○Theinvestigationbeginswithanevaluationoftoxicsitesinthetargetareatodeterminetheextentofcontamination.
○Thefirststepinphytoremediationistheplantingofhyperaccumulatingplantsintheareatobecleanedup.
○Minesandirrigationpondscanbekeptfrombecomingcontaminatedbyplantinghyperaccumulatingspeciesintargetedareas.
在找同义替换时,千万不可将词汇重复度越高等同于同义替换越正确
Opportunistsandcompetitorsonlinetest
Paragraph4:
Dandelionsaregoodexamplesofopportunists.Theirseedheadsraisedjusthighenoughabovethegroundtocatchthewind,theplantsarenobiggerthantheyneedbe,theirstemsarehollow,andalltherigiditycomesfromtheirwatercontent.Thus,aminimuminvestmenthasbeenmadeinthebodythatbecomesaplatformforseeddispersal.
Theseveryshort-livedplantsreproduceprolifically;
thatistosaytheyprovideaconstantrainofseedintheneighborhoodofparentplants.Anewplantwillspringupwhereveraseedfallsonasuitablesoilsurface,butbecausetheydonotbuildbigbodies,theycannotcompetewithotherplantsforspace,water,orsunlight.Theseplantsaretermedopportunistsbecausetheyrelyontheirseeds’fallingintosettingswherecompetingplantshavebeenremovedbynaturalprocesses,suchasalonganerodingriverbank,onlandslips,orwhereatreefallsandcreatesagapintheforestcanopy.
6.Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinthepassage?
○Becausetheirseedsgrowinplaceswherecompetingplantsarenolongerpresent,dandelionsareclassifiedasopportunists.
○Dandelionsarecalledopportunistsbecausetheycontributetothenaturalprocessesoferosionandthecreationofgapsintheforestcanopy.
○Thetermopportunistsapplytoplantswhoseseedsfallinplaceswheretheycancompetewiththeseedsofotherplants.
○Thetermopportunistsapplytoplantswhosefallingseedsareremovedbynaturalprocesses.
插入文本题
Paragraph1:
Extinctbutalreadyfullymarinecetaceansareknownfromthefossilrecord.■Howwasthegapbetweenawalkingmammalandaswimmingwhalebridged?
■Missinguntilrecentlywerefossilsclearlyintermediate,ortransitional,betweenlandmammalsandcetaceans.■Veryexcitingdiscoverieshavefinallyallowedscientiststoreconstructthemostlikelyoriginsofcetaceans.■In1979,ateamlookingforfossilsinnorthernPakistanfoundwhatprovedtobetheoldestfossilwhale.
12.Lookatthefoursquares[■]thatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecanbeaddedtothepassage.
Thisisaquestionthathaspuzzledscientistsforages.
Wherewouldthesentencebestfit?
承上启下:
1,词汇复现:
若插入句里有this/these/that+N,则到原句中寻找这个名词,将句子放到出现这个名词的后面即可。
Paragraph1:
Weallknowthatmanymorepeopletodayareright-handedthanleft-handed.Canonetracethissamepatternfarbackinprehistory?
■Muchoftheevidenceaboutright-handversusleft-handdominancecomesfromstencilsandprintsfoundinrocksheltersinAustraliaandelsewhere,andinmanyIceAgecavesinFrance,Spain,andTasmania.■Whenalefthandhasbeenstenciled,thisimpliesthattheartistwasright-handed,andviceversa.■Eventhoughthepaintwasoftensprayedonbymouth,onecanassumethatthedominanthandassistedintheoperation.Onealsohastomaketheassumptionthathandswerestenciledpalmdownward—alefthandstenciledpalmupwardmightofcourselookasifitwerearighthand.■Of158stencilsintheFrenchcaveofGargas,136havebeenidentifiedasleft,andonly22asright;
right-handednesswasthereforeheavilypredominant.
13.Lookatthefoursquares[■]thatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.
Thestencilsofhandsfoundinthesesheltersandcavesallowustodrawconclusionsaboutwhichhandwasdominant.
Wherewouldthesentencebe
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- 托福 阅读 第八 阶段