跨文化交际 英语专业论文Word文档格式.docx

跨文化交际 英语专业论文Word文档格式.docx

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感谢我曾翻阅的辅导书以及论文的作者们，没有这些书中的知识，我将很难完成我的论文。

最后感谢给我各方面支持并陪伴了我四年的同学好友们，感谢一直爱我，支持我的人们，没有他们我不会有今天的成就。

Acknowledgements

Ifeelmuchgratefultomyteacher,MrLiQingqing,whohasreadmydraftscarefully,offeredmesomevaluableadviceandgivenmesupportandencouragementthroughoutthedevelopmentofthepaper.

Iwouldliketoshowmyappreciationtoallteachers,whotaughtmetheundergraduatecourses,fortheirearnestassistanceofallkinds.

HereIwanttoexpressmythankstotheauthorsofthebooksandpapersIhavereferredto.IfIhavenotherelevantinformationfromtheirbooks,itishardformetofinishmypaper.

Thanksareduetoallmyclassmatesandfriends,whohelpedmewiththepreparationofmythesisinonewayoranother.Thankstoallthepeoplewhoalwayslovemeandsupportme.Withoutthem,Iwouldnothaveachievedsomuch.

摘要

随着全球化的不断发展，中美文化交流日益频繁。

本论文通过对中美餐桌礼仪的不同的深入研究，更好的了解中西文化差异，促进保护中国传统礼仪的进程，有利于中国礼仪与西方礼仪的有效融合，有利于我国与西方各国的跨文化交流。

通过对餐桌上中西文化差异的研究，该研究成果可以有效地运用在中西贸易谈判中。

贸易谈判现在已经延伸到餐桌领域，餐桌的礼仪直接关系到中西贸易谈判的成败。

本文首先给出了中西文化的一些理论基础，然后分析了中西文化差异的原因，比如经济结构，思维方式等等。

然后重点介绍了中西餐桌上的礼仪差异，主要包括餐前、餐中、和用餐后的礼仪。

最后总结了该研究论文的意义。

关键词：

跨文化交际，文化差异，餐桌礼仪

Abstract

Withthedevelopmentoftheglobalization,theculturecommunicationbetweenChinaandWesterncountriesaremorefrequent.ThispaperisfavorofthemeltingandcommunicatingoftheChineseandWesternculturebystudyingthedifferencesbetweenChineseandWesterntablemanners.Thisstudyingcanbeusedintheinternationaltrade,andthetablemannershavebeenanimportantfactorinfluencingthesuccessorfailureofthebusiness.Thispaperintroducessometheoreticalbasisfirstly.Thenitanalyzesthereasonsofgeneratingculturaldifferences,suchastheeconomicstructure,thewayofthinkingandsoon.ThepaperputstheemphasisonthedifferencesoftheChineseandwesterntablemanners,whichmainlyincludethemealpreparation,theetiquettesduringthemealandafterthemeal.Intheend,thispapermakesaconclusionaboutthemeaningofstudyingthedifferencesbetweenChineseandWesterncountries.

Keywords:

interculturalcommunication，culturedifferences，tablemanners

Contents

Introduction

Thetablemannersarethereflectionofacountry’sculture.TheChinese’stablemannersareoflongstanding.Withthedevelopmentofpolicyoftherevolutionandopentotheoutsideworld,thepeopleshouldlearnsomeWesterncountries’tablemanners,whichwillhelptheChinesetoknowtheirlocalconditionsandcustomstopromotethecommunicationbetweenChinaandWesterncountries.

Thispaperhasfourpartstotally:

Thefirstpartisthetheoreticalbasisoftheintercultural,includingthecross-culturalcommunication,somedifferentcourtesycriteriabetweenChinaandWesterncountries,andsometablemanners’historyinChinaandWesterncountries.Thesecondpartisthereasonsofgeneratingtheculturaldifferences.Therearemanyreasonsfortheculturaldifferences,andthispaperjustanalyzesitfromeconomy,thinking,values,andcharacteristics.Followedbyisthethirdpart,anditisthemainpartofthewholepaper.ThispartintroducesthetableculturaldifferencesbetweenChineseandWesterncountries.Becauseitisthetableculturaldifferences,sotheauthorintroducesitfromthemealpreparation,theetiquettesduringthemealandtheetiquettesleavingthetable.Themealpreparationincludesthedressing,seatingarrangements,seatingetiquettesandnapkins.Theetiquettesmainlyconsistoftheservingorder,tablewaresandtheatmosphere.Theforthpartexplainsthesignificanceofstudyingthetableculturedifferences.

Inaword,thetradevolumeincreasesrapidlyrecentyears,nomatterasatraderoraforeignlanguagelearner,thispaperwillplayanimportantpartintheroadtosuccess.Theauthorhopesthispapercanoffersomehelptoeveryone.

1.Theoreticalbasis

Inthe21stcentury,interculturalcommunicationhasbecomeanindispensablepartinthelife.Thedifferentareas,differentnationalities,differentcountriesleadtothedifferentculture.Tablecultureisanimportantfactorininterculturalcommunication.Toforeignlanguagelearners,itcanincreasetheunderstandingofthelanguageandincreasethesuccesspercentininterculturalcommunicationbylearningthedifferencesbetweenChineseandWesterntablecultureandhistory.

1.1TheUnderstandingofcross-culturalcommunication

Interculturalcommunicationisaninterdisciplinaryresearchareadevelopedinthemid-20thcentury.Interculturalcommunicativecompetenceisthecommunicativecompetenceincross-culturalenvironments,withastrongcross-culturalawarenesstocommunicatebetweenpeoplefromdifferentculturalbackgrounds.Theyaregoodatidentifyingculturaldifferences,excludingculturalinterference,andhavingthecommunicativecapacity.Interculturalcommunicativecompetenceincludesthelanguagecommunicativecompetenceandmakesthelanguagecommunicativecompetenceasthemaincontentandbasicofit.Interculturalcommunicativecompetenceisthecross-culturalcommunicativecompetenceanditcan’tsolvetherequirementsofcontextdifferences,butithastheappropriateandeffectiveresponsecapacityforculturaldifferencesandculturalconflicts.

1.2ThedifferentcourtesycriteriabetweenChineseandWesternculture

ChinesecultureputstheemphasisonmodestywhileWesternculturepaystheattentiontodecent.Modestyrequirespeopletominimizethepraiseforthemselves,andtrytobelittlethemselves.Westernpeoplearegladtoembracepraisefromeachothersoavoidtodamagingtotheotherpeople’sprestige,embracingothers’praiseispoliteintheireyes.Therefore,Westernersareverygladtoreceiveotherpeople’scomplimentstoshowthattheyarenotinconsistentwiththepeople.Sotheycatertothecomplimentbutnotrefuseit.MostChinesepeopleaccustomtodenythecomplimentandadvocatethe“modest”,becausetheythinkthatitshowstherespectforotherpeopletobelittlethemselves,butitisembarrassmentforthewesterners.“Polite”inChinesecultureisrootedinthetraditionoftheConfucian’s“ceremony”,whichstress“belittlethemselvestoshowtherespectforotherpeople”and“moderation”encouragesthepeopletobemoderated;

Westerncultureisinfluencedbythetraditionoffreedomandequality,anditputstheemphasisontheindividualandtheirpersonalvalues,whichpromotestheindividual’sself-confidenceandrealisticattitudes.Forexample,differentculturalpsychologyandpolitemanneraffectthecross-culturalcommunicationbetweenEnglandandChina.IfsomeextremelypolitewordsareusedinChinese-Englishconversation,suchas:

“Pleasevisitmypoorhouse”,sotheEnglishwillfeelconfusedandtheydon’tunderstandtheChinese’smeaning.Absolutely,theChineseobeythemodest,butitaffectstheconversationbetweeneachother.

InChina,it’snotpolitetocallothers’names,especiallyinofficialoccasionsortheconversionoccursbetweentwostrangers.ButtheAmericansliketocallothers’namesdirectlytoshowthegoodfriendshipbetweenthem.TheChinesealwaysliketoaskotherpeople’sprivatequestionstoshowtheircareforothers,butinAmerica,theydon’taskpeople’sage,maritalstatus,salaryandreligionandsoon.Theythinkthattheprivacyisveryimportant.SowhentheChinesehaveatradewiththeAmericans,theyshouldavoidtoaskingthemtheprivatequestions.InChina,it’snotpolitetostareatothers,maybetheyarelisteningtoyoueventheyarenotseeingyou.ButinAmerica,it’sveryimportanttohavetheeyecontactwhentheyaretalkingwitheachother.

1.3TheChinesetablemanners’history

Accordingtotherecordoftheliterature,intheZhoudynasty,theeatingetiquettehadbecomeanearlyperfectsystem.SuchastheHannationality’sorderingofthebanquet:

thehostsentouttheinvitationandthenwaitedfortheguestsinthegateinthearrangedtime.Ofcoursetheguestswouldsayhellotoeachotherwhentheywerereadytositintheparlor,thentheyatesomedessertsbeforethebanquet.Whenalltheguestshavecome,theywouldsitdownonebyone.Theleftwastheseatofhonor,followedbyisthesecondseat;

thelastisthethirdseat.Thehostwouldtoastwiththeguests,ofcoursewiththeelderfirstly.NowadaysthetraditionalbanquetetiquetteispopularinmanyareasinChina.

1.4TheWesterntablemanners’history

Thewesternersalwayslikeeducatingtheirchildreninthetable.Fromthefirstdayinthetable,thechildrenwillreceivetheeducationfromparentsaboutthetablemanners.Thechildrenwilllearnallthetablemannersbefore4-year-old.The5-year-oldchildlikestodosomehousework,suchasputtingthetableware,tidyingthetableware.Otherwise,mostoftheparentspayattentiontotheeducationoftheenvironmentalprotection,andletthechildrenknowthatwhichtablewarehasthecirculatedutilization,andwhichhasnotthecirculatedutilization.Theyeducatethechildrenthatrarelyusingornotusingtheready-madefoodsuchasthe,KFC,zip-topcanandsonon,whichwillsavethewaterandelectricity.

2.Thereasonsofgeneratingculturaldifferences

Withmorefrequentcontactbetweenchinaandwesterncountries,moreandmorepeoplepayattentiontotheetiquettes,especiallythetablemanners.TheauthortriestounderstandthereasonsofgeneratingculturaldifferencesinChineseandWesterntablemanners.Allthepeoplecanseethatthedifferenteconomicstructure,differentwaysofthinking,differentvalues,anddifferentcharacteristicsarethemainreasonstoresultinculturedifferences.

2.1Dif