英语专业毕业论文礼貌原则在商务英语写作中的应用Word文档格式.docx
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英语专业毕业论文礼貌原则在商务英语写作中的应用Word文档格式.docx
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系 (院)
指导教师
Acknowledgements
Firstofall,IwouldliketoexpressmysinceregratitudeandappreciationtomysupervisorJiaYongqing,forhissupport,patience,andenlightenmentthroughoutmyacademicprogram,andforspendingsomuchtimeandeffortsinreadingandrevisingthisthesis.Hisinsightfuladviceandprofessionalguidanceisessentialtothecompletionofthisthesis.
Alsomyheartfeltthanksgotoalltheteachersandclassmateswhohavehelpedmeduringmyfour-yearstudyintheLinyiUniversity.ThankthemfortheirgenerosityandkindnessinhelpingmewhenImetwithdifficulties.Withoutthem,thisthesiscouldnothavebeencompleted.
Lastbutnotleast,Iwouldliketosaythankstomyparentsandmybrotherfortheirlovecare,supportandencouragement.
Abstract
Businesslettersaretheletterswhichcanbeusedtocontactdifferenteconomicbodiesintrading.Theyareusedinspecialfieldwithitsowndistinctiveforms,whichcanbeusedfortestimonials.Butbusinesslettersshouldpaymoreattentiontothesocialetiquette.Withthedevelopmentofeconomics,businesslettershavebecomeanimportantwaytocommunicate.Bysendingbusinessletterstoeachother,wecanexchangeinformation,contactbusiness,negotiateandsolvetheproblemsexistedintrading,andalsopromotefriendship.Becauseofitscharactersandfunctions,inbusinessletters,politenessshouldbepaidmoreattention.Englishbusinesscorrespondenceisoneofthebasicwaysofbusinesscommunication,whichfunctionsasnotonlyausefulmeanstoexchangeinformationbutalsoanimportanttooltobuildandenhancebusinessrelations,thusrequiresahighdegreeofpoliteness.Itisnecessaryforustostudythepolitenessprincipleanditsapplicationinbusinesswriting.
Keywords:
politenessprinciples,businessletters,application
摘要
商业信函是各经济主体之间往来的以经济贸易为主要内容的各种信件。
它具有业务性强、凭证效用、格式独特和讲究礼节的特点。
随着社会经济的迅猛发展,商业信函逐渐成为人们在经济领域内的一种重要的交际手段,通过它人们可以交流信息、联系业务、洽谈贸易、磋商、处理问题、传递友谊等。
商业信函的特点和功能决定了商业信函中必须注重礼貌原则的运用。
英文商务信函是商务交流的一种重要方式,不仅具有传递信息的功能,还担负着建立、加强业务联系的重任,因此,对礼貌具有较高要求,我们也就有必要研究一下礼貌原则在商务英语写作中的应用。
关键词:
商业信函,礼貌原则,运用
TableofContents
Acknowledgements3
Abstract4
摘要5
TableofContents6
ChapterOneIntroduction6
1.1ResearchBackground6
1.2PolitenessandEnglishBusinessCorrespondence7
1.3Theimportanceofthisthesis9
ChapterTwoPolitenessPrinciple10
2.1Lakoff’sViewofPoliteness10
2.2Leech’sPolitenessPrinciple12
2.3BrownandLevinson’sFaceTheory13
ChapterThree15
PolitenessPrincipleinforeigntradeEnglishcorrespondenceinthespecificapplication15
3.1Vocabulary15
3.1.1Usingpositivewordsorphrases15
3.1.2UsingModalAuxiliaries16
3.1.3Using"
YouAttitude"
principle16
3.1.4Usinghedgesflexibly17
3.2Sentence19
3.2.1UsingPassiveVoice19
3.2.2Usingconditionalsentences21
3.2.3UsingInterrogativeSentences21
3.2.4UsingSubjunctiveMood22
Conclusion23
Bibliography24
ChapterOneIntroduction
1.1ResearchBackground
Withthehigh-speeddevelopmentofeconomy,theskillsofbusinesscommunicationbetweencountriesintheworldwidetradeareveryimportant.Whethertradenegotiationssucceedornotdependslargelyontheuseoflanguage.Agoodbusinesslettershouldenabletoobtaintheexpectedresults.Itrequiresbothsidesinthisparticularcontexthavethestrategytoexpressdifferentopinions,andmakehispointeasytoleteachotheraccept,sothattheyowntheadvantageintheconflictcomparedwiththekeyaspectstooccupythedominantposition,eventuallyledtotradecooperationsmoothly.Butduetobothsidesinthetradehaveconflictsideandcooperativeside:
bothofthemincooperationwitheachotheratthesametime,trieshardtowinthemaximumbenefits.Whenbusinesscommunicationstepstothestageofconflict,itshouldbebettertomakeagoodstrategicuseoflanguage.Theproperuseofpolitenessprinciplescanreflectthefriendship,respect,understandingfromthesendertotherecipient,andreducethedegreeofweakeningontheotherfaceonthelevelofthreattoleaveoneselfadequateleeway,meeteachother'
spsychologicalneeds,soastoachieveefficientcommunicationpurpose.
1.2PolitenessandEnglishBusinessCorrespondence
Politeness,asauniversalphenomenonexistinginanylanguagecommunityandpermeatingineveryaspectofanindividual'
severydaylife,hasarousedgreatinterestsmanylinguists.Eversincetheearly1970s,dozensoftheorieshavebeenproposedexplainpolitenessasalinguisticphenomenon.Butsurprisingly,whencomingtosimplequestionof"
WhatisPoliteness?
"
thereisnoexplicitanddefiniteanswer.Helddescribesthislinguisticphenomenonasadefinitionallyfuzzyandempiricallydifficultarea(1992:
131).However,inspiteofalltheargumentsanddisagreements,allthedefinitionsofpolitenesstosomeextentandfromdifferentanglespresenttheessenceofpoliteness,amongwhichthefollowingviewsarethemostinfluentialones:
Lakoffarguesthatpolitenessisusedfor"
reaffirmingandrelationships"
(1973:
298).Accordingtoher,"
Politenessisasystemofstrengtheninginterpersonalrelationsdesignedtofacilitateinteractionbyminimizingthepotentialforconflictandconfrontationinherentinallhumaninterchange"
.Leechdefinespolitenessfromtheperspectivesideandproposesthatitisusedtocreateandmaintainharmoniousinteractions(1983).FraserandNolan(1981)describepolitenessasasetofconstraintsofverbalbehavior.BrownandLevinson(1987)considerpolitenessasformsofbehaviorthatallowcommunicationtotakeplacebetweenpotentiallyaggressivepartners.Theydefinepolitenessas"
aredressiveactiontakentocounter-balancethedisruptiveeffectofface-threateningacts"
.
Fromalltheabove-mentioneddefinitionsgivenbydominantlinguistswecanseethatlinguistsaretryingtoanswertheseeminglysimplewhileessentiallycomplicatedquestionof"
Whatispoliteness"
.Thoughuptillnowtherehasnotbeenauniformanswertoit,alltheabove-mentioneddefinitionsdocontributetosomeextenttoexplainingconclusionessenceofpoliteness.Fromthesedefinitionswemaydrawapolitenessisnotonlyanimportantmeansofconveyinginformation,butalsoanimportantwaytoavoidconflict,tonedownpotentialaggressionandensuresmoothinteraction.Simplyspeaking,politenessisasetofpatternstoshowtheconsiderationforothersandtoachieveharmonyincommunication.
Businesscorrespondence,asabasicmeansofbusinesscommunication,playsanirreplaceableroleineveryaspectoftheeconomicactivities.Itservesasaneffectivewaytoexchangeinformation.Ithelpsbuildandmaintainharmoniousbusinessrelationships.Traditionalbusinesscorrespondencebymailalsoservesasthelegitimatewrittencontractfullyrecognizedbythecourtsandpartofacompany'
spermanentrecord.Withoutbusinesscorrespondence,mostoftheroutinebusinessactivitiescannotproceedsuccessfully.
Advancesinscienceandtechnologyhavegraduallyeliminatedthedistanceoftimeandspaceandgreatlycontributedtoeasierandmorefrequentbusinessinteraction.Withtheglobalizationoftheworldeconomy,thepopularityoftheInternetandthewidespreaduseofnewtechnologiesintelecommunication,Englishbusinesscorrespondencegetsitsrebirthandextendsitsrealmoftransmission.Itdoesnotonlyrefertothetraditionallettersanymore,butalsoincludesemailsandfacsimiles.Theformoftransmissionvaries,buttheessenceremains.
Asakindofgoal-orientedwriting,businesscorrespondenceaimstoachieveparticularcommunicativegoalsinbusinesstransaction.Basicallyspeaking,abusinessletteriswrittenforthreepurposes:
toinform,i.e.toconveylargeamountofinformationinordertocompletetheday-to-dayoperationsofthebusiness;
toinfluence,i.e.toinfluencethereader'
sattitudeandprompttoreactfavorably,likepromotingaproduct;
andtoentertain,whichmeanstoshowgoodwilltothereader,giveagoodimpressionandmaintainfriendlyrelationshipbetweenthebothpartiesofabusiness.Amongthethreebasicpurposes,thethirdoneismainlyrealizedthroughshowingpoliteness.
Abusinessletterstandsnotonlyforthewriter,butalsofortheimageofthewholecompany.Besidesdeliveringtheliteralbusinessinformation,businesslettersalsoconveyimplicitinterpersonalinformationbetweenlines.Awell-writtenbusinessletterwithgoodmannersshowssincerity,considerationandgoodwilltothebusinesspartner,whichbuildsandenhancestheharmoniousbusinessrelation,thusfacilitatesthebusinesscommunication,however,apoorlywrittenbusinessletterwithbadmannersmayimpressthebusinesspartnerasinsincere,arrogantandlackofrespect,whichdoesharmtotherapportandatlastdamagesthebusinessrelation.
Toagreatextent,howtosayisasimportantaswhattosayandmostofthetime,howtosayismainlydecidedfortheconsiderationofpoliteness.Writersofbusinessletterschoosethewayofexpressioncarefullyandemployvarioustechniquestoachievepolitenesstotheutmostinordertofacilitatesuccessfulbusinesscommunicationandrealizetheultimategoalofgainingprofit.
1.3Theimportanceofthisthesis
CourtesyorpolitenessisanindispensableprincipleinEnglishbusinessletterwriting,butitisverycomplicatedforitisofteninfluencedbyvariousfactorsandisquiteoftenimpliedorhiddenbetweenthelines,soitisnoteasyforbusinessletterwritinguserstomasterandhandlethisprinciple.Inordertosolvethisproblemandfindthebasicrulesofpolitenessphenomen
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- 关 键 词:
- 英语专业 毕业论文 礼貌 原则 商务英语 写作 中的 应用