英语专业专升本综合试题Word下载.docx
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英语专业专升本综合试题Word下载.docx
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Oneofthegreatestproblemsforthosesettlers
inNebraskainthelastquarterofthepreviouscenturywasfuel.Littleofthestatewasforested
whenthefirstsettlersarrivedanditisprobablethatby1880,onlyaboutone-thirdoftheoriginallyforestedarearemained,downtoamere1percentofthestate'
s77000squaremiles.Withwoodandcoaloutofthequestion,andwithfuelneededyear-roundforcooking,andduringtheharshwintermonthsforheating,somesolutionhadtobefound.
Somewhatimprobably,thebuffaloprovidedtheanswer.Buffalochipswerefoundtoburnevenly,hotly,andcleanly,withlittlesmokeand,interestingly,noodor.Soon,collectingthembecameawayoflifeforthesettlers’childrenwhowouldpickthemupontheirwaytoandfromschool,or,takepartincompetitionsdesignedtocounteracttheirnaturalreluctance.Evenayoungman,seekingtoimpressthegirlhewantedtomarry,wouldarrivewithalargebagofchipsratherthanwithaboxofcandyorabunchofflowers.
1.Whatisthemaintopicofthispassage?
A.ThesolutiontotheNebraskansettlers’fuelproblem.
B.LifeinNebraskaninthelatenineteenthcentury.
C.TheimportanceoftheAmericanbuffalo.
D.TheforestationinNebraskaninthelatenineteenthcentury
2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?
A.Nebraskanwasnotadensely-forestedstateevenbeforethesettlersarrived.
B.Thechildrenenjoyedcollectingthebuffalochips
C..Thechildrenspentalotoftimecollectingthechips
D.Buffalochipsweresatisfactoryasafuel
3.Accordingtothepassage,howmuchoftheoriginallyforestedareremainedinNebraskaby1880?
A.About33percent
B.About1percent
C..About66percent
D.About3percent
4.Thepassageimpliesthatbuffalochipswereneeded__.
A.ingreateramountsinsummer
B.onlyinsummer
C..ingreateramountsinwinter
D..onlyinwinter
5.WhichofthefollowingdoestheauthorNOTexpresssurpriseat?
A..Thechildrenneededcompetitionstostimulatethem.
B.Thebuffalochipsgaveoffnosmell.
C..Buffalochipsweretheanswertothesettlers’fuelproblem
D..Youngmen
Passage2
Manyofthemostdamagingandlifethreateningtypesofweathertorrentialrains,severethunderstorms,andtornadoesbeginquickly,strikesuddenly,anddisappearrapidly,destroyingsmallregionswhileleavingneighboringareasuntouched.SucheventasatornadostruckthenortheasternsectionofEdmonton,Alberta,inJuly1987.Totaldamagesfromthetornadoexceeded﹩250million,thehighesteverforanyCanadianstorm.
ConventionalcomputermodelsoftheatmospherehavelimitedvalueinpredictingshortlivedlocalstormsliketheEdmontontornado,becausetheavailableweatherdataaregenerallynotdetailedenoughtoallowcomputerstostudycarefullythesubtleatmosphericchangesthatcomebeforethesestorms.Inmostnations,forexample,weather-balloonobservationsaretakenjustonceeverytwelvehoursatlocationstypicallyseparatedbyhundredsofmiles.Withsuchlimiteddata,conventionalforecastingmodelsdoamuchbetterjobpredictinggeneralweatherconditionsoverlargeregionsthantheydoforecastingspecificlocalevents.
Untilrecently,theobservationintensiveapproachneededforaccurate,veryshort-rangeforecasts,or“Nowcasts”,wasnotfeasible.Thecostofequippingandoperatingmanythousandsofconventionalweathersituationswasextremelyhigh,andthedifficultiesinvolvedinrapidlycollectingandprocessingtherawweatherdatafromsuchanetworkwerehardtoovercome.Fortunately,scientificandtechnologicaladvanceshaveovercomemostoftheseproblems.Radarsystems,automatedweatherinstruments,andsatellitesareallcapableofmakingdetailed,nearlycontinuousobservationoverlargeregionsatarelativelylowcost.Communicationssatellitescantransmitdataaroundtheworldcheaplyandinstantaneously,andmoderncomputerscanquicklycompileandanalyzethislargevolumeofweatherinformation.Meteorologistsandcomputerscientistsnowworktogethertodesigncomputerprogramsandvideoequipmentcapableoftransformingrawweatherdataintowords,symbols,andvividgraphicdisplaysthatforecasterscaninterrupteasilyandquickly.Asmeteorologistshavebegunusingthesenewtechnologiesinweatherforecastingoffices,Nowcastingisbecomingareality.
6.Theword“exceeded”inparagraph1mostprobablymeans____.
A.addeduptoB.weremorethan
C.wereaboutD.werelessthan
7.Conventionalcomputermodelsoftheatmospherefailstopredictsuchashort-livedtornadobecause____.
A.thecomputerisnotusedtoforecastspecificlocalevents.
B.thecomputersarenotadvancedenoughtopredictit.
C.theweatherdatapeoplecollectareoftenwrong.
D.weatherconditionsinsomesmallregionsarenotavailable.
8.Accordingtothepassage,theword“Nowcasts”(Paragraph3)means____.
A.awayofcollectingrawweatherdata.
B.aforecastwhichcanpredicttheweatherconditionsinthesmallareainanaccurateway
C.anetworktocollectinstantweatherdata
D.amoreadvancedsystemofweatherobservation
9.Accordingtothepassage,____isthekeyfactortomaking“Nowcasts”areality.
A.scientificandtechnologicaladvancessuchasradar,orsatellites.
B.computerscientist
C.meteorologists
D.advancedcomputerprograms
10.Accordingtotheauthor,thepassagemainlydealswith____.
A.atornadoinEdmonton,Alberta
B.what’sa“Nowcast”
C.thedisadvantageofconventionalcomputermodelsoftheweatherforecast
D.abreakthroughinweatherforecast
Passage3
AsAmericaishometosomanydifferentnationalities,onecanfindalmostanykindofrestaurantinallthelargecities.Therestaurantscanrangewidelyincostfrominexpensivetoveryexpensive.
ButfastfoodshopshavebecomeverywidespreadintheU.S.becausetheyarequickandcheap.AndcafeteriasareespeciallypopularwithAmericanstudent.Thereyoucangetavarietyoffoodsuchasfriedfish,barbecuedchicken,spaghetti,salad,vegetables,macaroni,sweetpotatoes,ricehotrolls.Therearealsodessertsanddrinks.youcanpickupwhateverstrikesyourfancy.
Tipsaregenerallynotrequiredatcafeteriaswhereyourserveyourselfandyouareexpectedtoclearyourowntableofdishesandutensils,anddiscardyourtrashinthegarbagecans.inmostcafeterias,youstandinline.asyouwalkalong,youselectitemsavailableatacounter.atnormalmealtimes,cafeteriasarecrowdedwithpeople.youcanusuallygetaseatwithoutwaitingtoolongifyoueatalittleearlyoralittlelate.
11.AvisitorinalargecityintheU.S.canfindalmostanykindofrestaurantbecause__
A.therearesomanypeopleinalargecity
B.Americanslikeeatingforeignfood
C.alargecitycanfinancevariouskindsofrestaurants
D.Americansaremadeupofpeoplefrommanydifferentnationalities
12.Thesentence“youcanpickupwhateverstrikesyourfancy”probablymeans__
A.youcanchoosewhateveryoulike
B.youcanchoosewhateveryouthinkabout
C.youcanchooseasmuchfoodasyouimaginepossible
D.youcanchooseanykindofattractivefood
13.Inafastfoodshop,youhaveto__
A.bringyourownutensilswithyou
B.takehomewhatyouhaven’tfinished
C.discardyourdishesandutensilsinthegarbagecarts
D.clearyourowntableofleftoversandplates
14.Tipsareusuallynotrequiresinafastfoodshopbecause__
A.customersstandinlineforalonetime
B.foodisusuallycheaperthere
C.servicethereisinpoorquality
D.nowaitersservecustomers
15.Accordingtothepassagewhichstatementinnottrue__
A.youhavetocleanyourowntableatacafeteria
B.studentslikecafeteriasbecausetheyarequitecheap
C.youmayeatChinesefoodatacafeteria
D.youcaneatcomfortablyatacafeteriawheneveryouwantto
Passage4
Inthepast,theconceptofmarketingemphasizedsales,theproducerofmanufacturermadeaproducthewantedtowell.Marketingwasthetaskoffiguringouthowtoselltheproduct.Basically,sellingtheproductwouldbeaccomplishedbysalespromotion,whichincludesadvertisingandpersonalselling.Inadditiontosalespromotion,marketingalsoinvolvedthephysicaldistributionoftheproducttotheplaceswhereitwasactuallysold.Distributionconsistedoftransportation,storage,andrelatedservicessuchasfinancing,standardizationandgrading,andtherelatedrisks.
Themodernmarketingconceptencompassesalloftheactivitiesmentioned,butitisbasedonadifferentsetofprinciples.Itsubscribestothenotionthatproductioncanbeeconomicallyjustifiedonlybyconsumption.Inotherwords,goodsshouldbeproducedonlyiftheycanbesold.Therefore,theproducershouldconsiderwhoisgoingtobuytheproduct—orwhatthemarketfortheproductis—beforeproductionbegins.Thisisverydifferentfrommakingaproductandthenthinkingabouthowtosellit.
16.Accordingtothepassage,marketingusedtobemainlyconcernedwith__
A.advertising
B.transportation
C.personalselling
D.sellingproducts
17.Howmanyaspectsdoesdistributioninvolve
A.3B.4C.7D.6
18.Weknowfromthispassagethatmodernmarketingaimsto
A.achieveabalancebetweenproductionandselling
B.sellmoreproducts
C.promoteconsumption
D.
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