高二英语必修5 完整语法讲义Word格式文档下载.docx

高二英语必修5 完整语法讲义Word格式文档下载.docx

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PastParticipleastheAttribute定语

PastParticipleasthePredicative表语

1.terrifiedpeople

1.peoplewhoareterrified

2.reservedseats

2.seatsthatarereserved

3.pollutedwater

3.waterthatispolluted

4.acrowdedroom

4.aroomthatiscrowded

5.apleasedwinner

5.awinnerthatispleased

6.Astonishedchildren

6.childrenwholookastonished

7.abrokenvase

7.avasethatisbroken

8.acloseddoor

8.adoorthatisclosed

9.thetiredaudience

9.theaudiencewhofeeltired

10.atrappedanimal

10.ananimalthatistrapped

Therearemanyfallenleavesontheground.

=Therearemanyleaveswhichhadfallenontheground.（地上有许多落叶）

Someofthem,bornandbroughtupinruralvillages,hadneverbeentoBeijing.

=Someofthem,whohadbeenbornandbroughtupinruralvillages,hadneverbeentoBeijing.

（他们中的一些人，在农村出生并长大，从没去过北京）

及物动词的过去分词表示结束了的被动动作或者没有一定的时间性,只表示被动关系。

pollutedwater

=waterwhichispolluted

reservedseats

=theseatswhichwerereserved

trappedanimal

=theanimalwhichwastrapped

不及物动词的过去分词不表被动，只表示动作发生在谓语动词之前，含有动作完成，动作结束之含义。

boiledwater

=waterwhichhasboiled

fallenleaves

=theleaveswhichhavefallen

risensun

=thesunwhichhasrisen

过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语，前后用逗号隔开。

Thebooks,writtenbyGuoJingming,areverypopularwithteenagers.这些书是郭敬明写的，深受青少年的喜爱。

Someofthem,bornandbroughtupinruralvillages,hadneverbeentoBeijing.他们中的一些人，在农村出生并长大，从没过北京.

Thebook_writtenbythefarmer（一本农民写的书）isverypopular.

Thebuildingbuiltlastyear（去年建的楼房）nowcollapsedintheWenchuanearthquake.

Theproblemdiscussedatthemeetingyesterday（在昨天会议上讨论的）wasverydifficulttosolve.

Thewindowbrokenbythatnaughtyboy被那个顽皮男孩打破的）isbeingrepaired.

Thechildrenexaminedinthehospitalyesterday昨天在医院检查的）wereseriouslyill.

Thepeopleexposedtothesun（暴露在阳光下的）gotsunburnt.

Theboypunishedseverelybytheteacher（受到老师严厉惩罚的）isnowacollegestudent.

Thewaterdeliveredtohishome（送到他家的水）carrieddisease.

TheEnglishtodayisquitedifferentfromtheEnglishspokeninthepast300years（300年前所说的）.

Mostoftheartistsinvitedtotheparty（被邀请去参加聚会的）werefromSouthAfrica.

Thestudentsinspiredbytheteacher（受到老师鼓舞的）workedharderthaneverbefore.

TheOlympicGames,__A_in776B.C.didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.

A.firstplayedB.tobefirstplayed

C.firstplayingD.tobefirstplaying

①过去分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系且过去分词表示的动作已完成。

②现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词是主谓关系。

③不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。

firstplayedin776B.C.=whichwasfirstplayedin776B.C.

Consolidation巩固

1.Pricesofdailygoods____throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.

A.areboughtB.bought

C.beenboughtD.buying

2.Withalotofdifferentproblems____,

thenewly-electedpresidentishaving

ahardtime.

A.settledB.settling

C.tosettleD.beingsettled

3.Don’tusewords,expressionsorphrases____onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.

A.beingknownB.havingbeenknown

C.tobeknownD.known

4.WhenIgotback,Isawamessage____tothedoor____“Sorrytomissyou;

willcalllater.”

A.pin,readB.pinning,reading

C.pinned,readingD.pinned,read

2）作表语表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。

许多动词的过去分词已经被当作形容词使用。

如：

disappointed,excited,moved,puzzled,pleased,surprised,lost等。

Thewindowisbroken.窗户碎了。

Don’tgetsoexcited.别这么激动。

1.用作表语的过去分词被动意味很弱，主要表示动作的完成和状态，此时相当于一个形容词。

2.被动语态的过去分词动词意味很强,句子主语为动作的承受者，后面常跟by短语。

①Theglassisbroken.

TheglasswasbrokenbyTom.

②Thewindowsareclosed.

ThewindowsareclosedbyJack.

3.表示“感觉流露”的一些过去分词（如:

interested,

surprised,excited,frightened,shocked）和一些过去分词（如dressed,drunk,devoted,lost,known）常用作表语,表示状态.其中有些仅表示状态,毫无被动意味。

①Howdidtheaudiencereceivethenewplay?

Theygotveryexcited.

②HowdidBobdointheexamsthistime?

Well,hisfatherseemspleasedwithhisresults.

③Shewasverydisappointedtoheartheresult.

④He’squiteexperiencedinteachingbeginners.

作表语练习：

Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget________bythehour.

A.payB.payingC.paidD.topay

该题考查分词作表语的用法。

“topaysb.bythehour”计时给某人报酬。

此题被动结构作表语。

类似的有：

getburnt,gethurt,getwounded.

1.Theroomsare____,soyoucan’tmovein.

A.paintedB.painting

C.beingpaintedD.tobepainted

2.Assoonasheenteredthecity,he____.

A.waslosingB.gotlosing

C.grewlostD.gotlost

3.Whathehasdoneisreally____.Nowhisparents

are_____him.

A.disappointing;

disappointedat

B.disappointing;

disappointedabout

C.disappointing;

disappointedwith

D.disappointed;

disappointingby

现在分词和过去分词做定语的区别

现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义．

现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示状态或完成．

amovingmovie　感人的电影

amovedaudience　被感动的观众

boilingwater　正在烧（煮沸）的水

boiledwater　　已煮沸的水

developingcountries反展中国家

developedcountries发达国家

fallingleaves落叶（正在进行）

fallenleaves落叶（已经完成）

Thechildstandingoverthereismybrother.

Theroomfacingsouthisourclassroom.

ThebookwrittenbyLuXunisverygood.

TheroadcompletedyesterdayisleadingtoTibet.

第二讲、过去分词作宾补用法归纳

英语中过去分词可作宾补，（此时的过去分词一般是及物动词）表被动意义或完成意义，有时两者兼而有之。

做宾补的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。

Shefoundthedoorbrokeninwhenshecameback.（宾补与宾语有被动的关系，表一种状态。

）

一． 

过去分词用在表状态的动词keep,leave等的后面。

Eg:

Theykeptthedoorlockedforalongtime.

Keepyourmouthshutandyoureyesopen.（谚语：

少说多看）

Don'

tleavesuchanimportantthingundone.

tleavethewindowsbrokenlikethisallthetime.

二．过分词用在get,have,make,的后面。

1.注意“have+宾语+过去分词”的两种情况：

A）表"

让某人做某事/让某事（被人）做"

eg:

Ihavehadmybikerepaired.

Thevillagershadmanytreesplantedjustthen.

B）表"

遭遇到某种不幸，受到打击/受....影响，蒙受.....损失"

Ihadmywalletstolenonabuslastmonth.

Theoldmanhadhislegbrokenintheaccident.

Hehadhislegbrokeninthematchyesterday.（MET1986）

2."

make+宾语+过去分词"

在这种结构中，过去分词的动词必须是表示结果含义的。

TheymanagedtomakethemselvesunderstoodinverysimpleEnglish.

Iraisedmyvoicetomakemyselfheard.

三、过去分词用在感观动词watch,notice,see,hear,listento,feel,find等后面。

如

Whenwegottoschool,wesawthedoorlocked.

Wecanhearthewindowsbeatenbytheheavyraindrops.

Hefelthimselfcheated.

Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketoseecarriedoutthenextyear.（NMET2000）

四、过去分词用在want,wish,like,expect等表示“希望，愿望”这一类动词后面做宾补。

Thebosswouldn'

tliketheproblemdiscussedatthemoment.

Iwouldlikemyhousepaintedwhite.

Iwantthesuitmadetohisownmeasure.

Iwishtheproblemsettled.

五、过去分词用在“with+宾语＋宾补”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。

Thethiefwasbroughtinwithhishandstiedbehindhisback.

Withmanybrightly-colouredflowersplantedaroundthebuilding,hishouselookslikeabeautifulgarden.

Witheverythingwellarranged,helefttheoffice.

六、过去分词、现在分词、和不定式作宾补的区别。

现在分词作宾补：

宾语和补语之间是主谓关系。

其动作与谓语动作同时进行。

过去分词作宾补：

宾语和补语之间是动宾关系。

其动作先于谓语动作。

不定式作宾补：

　表一个完成的动作、或表一个很短时间内看到、听到或感觉到的具体动作。

Hedidn'

tnoticemewaiting.

IheardthesongsunginEnglish.

Isawhimopeningthewindow.

Isawthewindowopened.

Isawhimopenthewindow.

IheardhersingthesonginEnglish.

专项训练1：

1.___pooratEnglish,I'

mafraidIcan'

tmakemyself___.

A.Tobe;

understandB.I'

m;

tounderstandC.Being;

understandingD.Being;

understood

2.Ihavehadmybike___,andI'

mgoingtohavesomebody___myradiotomorrow.

A.repair;

torepairB.repairing;

toberepairedC.repaired;

repairD.torepair;

repairing

3.Youmustgetthework___beforeFriday.

A.doB.todoC.doingD.done

4.___theroom,thenursefoundthetape-recorder___.

A.Entering;

stealingB.Entering;

goneC.Tohaveentered;

beingstolenD.Havingentered;

tobestolen

5.Wearepleasedtoseetheproblem___soquickly.

A.settledB.havingbeensettledC.besettledD.settling

6.Mrs.Brownwasmuchdisappointedtoseethewashingmachineshehadhad____wentwrongagain.（上海1999）

A.itB.itrepairedC.repairedD.toberepaired

7.Itiswisetohavesomemoney___foroldage.（NMET1996）

A.putawayB.keepupC.giveawayD.laidup（putaway放好,储存...备用,处理掉,放弃,抛弃）

8.Idon'

twantthechildren___outinsuchweather.

A.takeB.totakeC.takenD.taking

9.I'

mafraidthatIcan'

tmakemyself___becauseofmypoorEnglish.

A.understandB.understandingC.tounderstandD.understood

10.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands___behindhisback.

A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied（表动作完成）

专项训练2：

1.Wefoundhergreatly___.

A.improvingB.changedC.tohelpD.havingdisturbed

2.Janegotherbadtooth___atthedentist'

s.

A.toputinB.pulledoutC.pushedoutD.drawingout

3.When____,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.（上海2002）

A.completedB.completingC.beingcompletedD.tobecompleted

4.Withalotofdifficulties___,theywenttotheseashoreandhadagoodrest.

A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled

5.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce___nothingcanbedonetochangeit.（NMET2002）

A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun（once