雅思语法班讲义Word文档格式.docx
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雅思语法班讲义Word文档格式.docx
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9.介词by后表示“按…计算”与度量衡单位有关的具体表时间、长度、体积、面积等名词前.
e.g.Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallygetpaidbythehour.
Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallygetpaidbytime.
InEngland,clothissoldbytheyardinsteadofbythemeter.
InEngland,clothissoldbylength.
10.与某些形容词连用表示一类人.
e.g.therich
11.乐器名词前.
e.g.Ilikeplayingtheguitarandmysisterlikesplayingthepiano.
12.由普通名词构成的专有名词前.
e.g.Thepeople’sRepublicofChinaandtheUnitedStatesaretwogreatcountries.
13.方位、方向名词前.
e.g.ChinaisintheeastofAsia,thelargestcontinentontheearth,andonthewestofthePacificOcean,thelargestoceanintheworld.
14.再次指代上文中已提过的名词前.
e.g.Iboughtapenyesterday.Thepenwriteswell.
15.双方心中都知晓、明白的名词前.
e.g.Passmethebook,please.
16.与表示国家或民族的形容词连用,指代该全国全体人民.
e.g.TheChineselovepeace.
17.用在姓氏复数之前表示全家人或夫妇俩.
18.其后有某种修饰语(如介词短语、定语从句、分词短语或不定式等)的名词前,表示特定的人或物时.
e.g.Thebookonthedeskismine.
19.与单数可数名词连用,表类别.
e.g.Thehorseisausefulanimal.
20.表同位关系的时间、地点、语言名词前.
e.g.IbegantolearntheFrenchlanguageintheUniversityofWuhaninthemonthofNovemberof1999.
21.与农历有关的节日名词前(即与festival连用时).
e.g.ChildrenarealwayslookingforwardtotheSpringFestival.
22.用在整十的复数形式前表年代.
e.g.Inthe1870s,whenMarxwasoverfifty,hebegantolearnRussian.
23.习惯用语中.(高考词汇)
e.g.attheageof,atthebeginningof,allovertheworld,allthebest,gotothecinema,makethebed,thedayaftertomorrow,thedaybeforeyesterday,theotherday,intheend,themoment,taketheplaceof,ontheradio,allthesame,bythesideof,bytheway,ontheway,inthehabitof,inthechargeof
三.a/an的使用.
1.表泛指意义的单数可数名词前或“一类”或“其中的一个”意义时.
e.g.Agoodbookcanenrichaperson.
2.表频率,表示“每……”、“每一……”意义时.
e.g.Peoplehavethreemealsaday.
3.某些抽象名词表具体意义或被某一形容词修饰了的时候.
e.g.Itgavemeasurprisetomeetyouhereagain.
Asateacher,hewasafailure.However,asaleader,hewasasuccess.
ComradeLeiFengledamiserablelifeduringhischildhood.
4.有比喻意味或不确切的人名之前表达“一个叫……”意义时.
e.g.LiHaoisalivingLeiFenginourclass.
AMr.Smithwantstoseeyou.
5.当某一动作或情况并未到此结束仍有继续下去的可能性的时候,必须用“a/an+序数词”结构.
e.g.Althoughhehasfailedsixtimes,hewouldliketohaveatryaseventhtime.
6.与形容词最高级连用表示“很、非常”.
e.g.Yesterdaywasahappiestdayforme,forI’djustwonthefirstprize.
7.否定比较级表达最高级意义时,常用借助于不定冠词a/an.a/an+比较级
e.g.____Whatdoyouthinkofthefilm?
____Oh,I’veneverseenaworseone.
____HowdoyoulikeTom?
____I’mafraidthatnooneinmyclasshasaclevererbrainthanhe.
8.有时表示一次性行为,特别是用在名词化了的动词前.
e.g.have/takealookat;
goforawalk;
cometoanend;
cometoastop
9.当一日三餐名词(breakfast,lunch,supper,dinner)或其他一些名词如time,life,help,pleasure,world,part等被某一(些)形容词修饰了的时候.
e.g.adeliciousbreakfast/awonderfuldinner/agreathelp
10.固定短语结构中:
haveacold/stomachache,haveamatch,agreatnumberof,inaword,haveawordwith,makeapromise,inaminute,asamatteroffact,takeaseat.
【特别注意】
英语中,有些名词永远都不会与不定冠词连用.
它们是advice,equipment,fun,furniture,information,news,luck,clothing,wealth.
四.零冠词.
1.表泛指意义的复数名词物质名词,以及介词后的抽象名词前.
e.g.Childrenareoftencomparedtoflowers.
Booksarestairsthathelppeoplemakeprogress.
2.复数名词表类别、属性时,不用冠词.
e.g.Horsesareusefulanimals.
Mostanimalshavelittleconnectionwithanimalsofadifferentkindunlesstheykillthemforfood.
3.由Day构成的与公历有关的节日名词前.
e.g.Children’sDay/Teachers’Day/NationalDay/MayDay
4.表泛指意义的月份、季节、星期、学科、语言、材料等名词前.
e.g.onSunday/inspring/inink
5.球类、棋类名词前.
e.g.playfootball/chess/basketball
6.介词by后接表交通、通讯方式等名词前.
e.g.bytrain/bytelephone/bymachine
7.泛指一日三餐名词前.
e.g.Afterbreakfast,wearetovisitMountainTaiandhavelunchthere.
8.官衔职务名词作表语补语或同位语时.
e.g.Heismonitorofourclass.
LincolnwaselectedpresidentoftheU.S.
DongLi,capitalofDongfanghongII,isastrong-mindedman.
9.方位副词前.
e.g.JapanlieseastofChina.
10.“from…to”结构中重复使用的单数名词,以及“名词+介词+(同样)名词”结构中的名词前都不使用任何冠词.
e.g.fromareatoarea/arminarm/daybyday
11.man作“人类”讲时.
e.g.Mancanconquernature.
12.as引导的让步状语从句句型中的单数名词前.
e.g.Heroasheis,heisstillmodest.
Childassheis,sheknowsalot.
13.turn后的单数名词作表语.
e.g.Shehasturneddoctor.
13.介词by后接表度量衡单位的时间、长度、重量、面积、价钱等总称名词前.
e.g.bytime/byweight/byarea/bylength
14.由地名构成的专有名词前.
e.g.WuhanUniversityisinWuhan.
15.单数可数名词已被物主代词数词指示代词或名词所有格修饰.
16.当两个或两个以上的名词用and连接且含有对比的含义或习惯上总是一起使用时.
e.g.Fatherandsonattendedthemeetingtogether.
Thetwowereliketeacherandstudent,thoughtheywerethesameage.
Husbandandwifesattogetherintheirhome.
17.固定短语结构中.
comeintouse/put…intopractice/outofquestion/outofthequestion/atpresent
1.Thesignreads“Incaseof___fire,breaktheglassandpush________redbutton.
A.×
;
aB.×
theC.the;
theD.a;
a
2.Jumpingoutof_____airplaneattenthousandfeetisquite_____excitingexperience.
theB.×
anC.an;
anD.the;
the
3.Borishasbrains.Infact,Idoubtwhetheranyoneintheclasshas_____IQ.
A.ahighB.ahigherC.thehigherD.thehighest
4.Thewarmthof____sweaterwillofcoursebedeterminedbythesortof____woolused.
;
×
B.the;
D.×
5.Mostanimalshavelittleconnectionwith___animalsof___differentkindunlesstheykillthemforfood.
A.the;
aC.×
theD.the;
the
A.6.Papermoneywasin___useinChinawhenMarcoPolovisitedthecountryin____thirteencentury.the;
theC.×
theD.×
7.----Haveyouseen___pen?
Ileftitherethismorning.
----Isit______blackone?
IthinkIsawitsomewhere.
A.a;
theB.the;
theC.the;
aD.a;
a
8.Manypeopleagreethat_____knowledgeofEnglishisamustin______internationaltradetoday.
A.a;
×
anC.the;
9.______newsconferencedoesnotalwaysoffer______truthfulinformation.
A./;
/B.The;
/C.A;
theD.A;
/
10.Thoughtheyare_____peopleofdifferentsorts,theyalwaysbuydressesof_____style.
aC./;
aD.the;
11.Dolly______sheep,theworld’sfirstclonedanimal,wasgiven____shottoendherlifeonFeb.14becauseshewassufferingfromalungdiseasecommoninmucholdersheep.
aB.the;
aC.a;
theD./;
the
第二课时名词
一名词的分类
名词普通名词可数名词个体名词teacher,bus,…..
集体名词people,crew…..
不可数名词物质名词rice,air,water
抽象名词success,friendship
专有名词China,BillGates,theGreatWall,…
二专有名词
指人名、地名及某些人和事物专有的名称
Eg:
Diana;
Beijing;
Americans;
English;
May;
NewYear’sDay
注意:
专有名词的第一个字母要大写
三普通名词
专有名词以外的名词都是普通名词,指作为个体而存在的人或东西。
可以指具体的人或物。
aunts;
apanda;
apartments,也可指抽象东西。
ayear;
fairytales;
adream
四集合名词
表示由个体组成的集体。
army;
audience;
crew;
family;
team;
police;
government;
public
集体名词有时作单数看待,有时作复数看。
一般来说,视为整体时作单数看,突出它的成员时作复数看。
Hisfamilyisn’tlarge.
Hisfamilyareallmusiclovers.
在不少情况下,集体名词后单复数动词都可以用,没什么差别。
Theaudiencewas(were)excitedbytheshow.
有少数集体名词通常用作单数。
Thegangisbeinghuntedbythepolice.
个别集体名词则多作复数看待。
Thepolicearelookingforhim.
五物质名词:
指无法分为个体的东西。
beer;
cake;
cloth;
cotton;
detergent(清洁剂);
fur;
ice;
paint;
paper;
soil
一般来说,物质名词是不可数的,因而没有复数形式。
但有一些特殊情况:
1)有些物质名词可用作可数名词,表示“一份”、“一杯”、“一种”
Twostrongblackcoffees,please.(两份)
2)个别物质名词的复数形式可以表示特别的意义。
rains(雨季)snows(积雪)waters(海域)…
六:
表示一些抽象的概念。
education;
love;
policy;
trust;
nature;
fashion;
relief;
silence;
truth,etc.
多数情况下,这种名词常用于单数形式,不加任何冠词。
He’slearningFrenchforfun.
Iwishyougoodluck.
有时也可以加冠词。
Heworkshardforthewelfareofthepoor.
1.Iwrotealettertoshowmy___ofhisthoughtfulness.A.achievementB.agreement
C.attentionD.appreciation
2.Weallknowthat___speaklouderthanwords.
A.movementsB.performances
C.operationsD.action
3.Thenewlawwillcomeinto___onthedayitispassed.
A.effectB.useC.serviceD.existence
4.Youwillfindthismapofgreat_____inhelpingyougetroundLondon.
A.priceB.costC.valueD.usefulness
5.Myparentsalwaysletmehavemy____ofliving.
A.wayB.methodC.mannerD.fashion
6.----Whodidyouspendlastweekendwith?
----_______.
A.Palmer’sB.ThePalmers’
C.ThePalmersD.ThePalmer’s
7.I’lllookintothematterassoonaspossible.Justhavealittle_______.
A.waitB.timeC.patienceD.rest
8.____ofMrsWhite’scamebackhomeyesterday.ShehadbeenintheUnitedStatesforyears.
A.AdaughterB.Thedaughter
C.HerdaughterD.daughter
9.Hegainedhis____byprinting____offamouswriters.
A.wealth;
workB.wealths;
worksC.wealths;
workD.wealth;
works
10.Itwillbe____tojumpintothelaketohaveaswimonahotsummerday.
A.funB.afunC.funnyD.thefun
第三课时代词
一代词的分类
⏹人称代词I,you,she,him
⏹疑问代词
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