野性的呼唤论文Word文档格式.docx
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野性的呼唤论文Word文档格式.docx
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班级:
师范英语2班
学号:
20110411147
指导老师:
公丽艳
AnalysisoftheComplicatedNatureofBuckin
TheCalloftheWild
Abstract
TheCalloftheWildisthemasterpieceofJackLondonwhoisoneofthemostrenownedAmericanwriters.ThecomplexcharacterofthedogBuckisthemainfactortocausethenovelperpetual.ThearduouspathsBuckwentthroughwereareflectionofAmericansocialrealityinthe20thcentury.It’sakeypointtostudythewriter’sviewpointsandthesocialbackgroundbyanalyzingBuck’scharacter.AtthebeginningthisthesisintroducesDarwin’sLawofNature—survivalofthefittest.ThenitdescribesBuck’saspirationfornewlife.GentledogBuckwenttothewastelandwhichwasfarawayfromhumancivilizationbutheadaptedtothechallengingenvironmentverysoon.Inresponsetothecallofthewild,BuckgotbacktotheforestfullofmysteryandventurewithouttheslightesthesitationafterTomThornton’sdeath.ThethirdchapterexpoundsthatBuckbearsthenatureofferociousnessandatthesametimehasapassionforsacrifice.WeareconvincedthatitisincumbentupontheFiendBucktoshowresponsibility,loveandloyaltyafterobtaininghumanbeingsequalrespect.ThisgivesexpressiontoMenciusethicalviewthathumansareborngood.
KeyWords:
Wildness;
call;
freedom;
survivalofthefittest
Chapter1ABriefIntroductiontoTheCalloftheWild
andtheNatureofBuck
TheCallofthewildisthemasterpieceofJackLondon.Itwaspublishedin1903.ThecomplexcharacteroftheprotagonistdogBuckhasdrawnmanyscholars’attention.It’sakeypointtostudythewriter’sviewpointsandthesocialbackgroundbyanalyzingthenatureofBuck.BeforeanalyzingBuck’scharacter,itisnecessaryforustoknowthegeneralideaaboutthework.
1.1ABriefIntroductiontoTheCalloftheWild
TheprotagonistsleddogBuckoriginallylivedinSantaClaraValley,anunkissedhouse,enjoyingaluxuriouslife.Atthesametime,theGoldenRushmadethousandsofmenrushintotheNorthlandbutBuckhadnosenseofthat.Unfortunately,hewassoldbyManuelwhobetrayedhistrustandwastransitedtodohardworkforthegolddiggers.Therehesawhisfirstsnow;
helearntthelawofclub;
hewasbeatenbutwasnotbroken.Hebegantosetfootinaworldwithoutcivilization.Hewasclearaboutthatoncedownhewoulddiesoheshouldstruggle.Inthedaytimehewasforcedtofollowtheinstructiontodragtheshed,andinthedarkhestruggledalongonthevergeofstarvation.Toallayhunger,helearnttostealfoodandleavetheawkwardoneasthescapegoat.Tokeepwarm,helearnttodigholesinthesnowfield.Themoralnatureinhimwasdisappearing,insteadhebecamefullofguile.Thatwaswhathehadtochoosetosurviveinthewasteland.Withtheancientsongsurgingthroughhim,hebegantoretrogradeandthedominantdesirewascalledfromhisbody.Butheadjustedhimselfsowelltothenewlifeandhehadthedown-to-earthspirit.Unfortunately,therewasanotherturnforBuckafterheandhisteammatesbrokeahunky-doryrecord.TheteamwastakenoverbyahalfbreedScotchanditseemedmoreseriousthattheywereforcedtodocoolietocarrywordforthepeoplewhosoughtgoldeveryday.Thistimehesufferedevenmorethanbefore;
histeammateslefthimonebyone,however,thegreedygolddiggerswerediscontentwiththem.Atlast,Buckcouldn’tgetupanymore.HemanagedtoriseunderHal’swhipbutfailed.Hecouldsensetheimpendingdoombuthismasterinsistedon.Whenhewasbeatentodie,Thorntonsavedhislife.HeforthefirsttimefeltgenuinelovewhichwasarousedbyJohnThornton.Inreturn,BuckgaveThorntonendlessloveandfirmloyalty.AfterThornton’sdeath,hereturnedtothewildinanswertothecallingwithouttheslightesthesitation.
1.2NatureofBuckinDifferentEnvironments
ThenatureofBuckchangedwiththeenvironmentwherehelived.Thatgoesthesametoourhumanbeingsintoday’ssociety.
1.2.1LivingintheLapofLuxury
Buck,thechildofahugeST.BernardandaScotchshepherddogwasborninJudgeMiller’sbighouseandenjoyedahappylife.Itseemedthatheruledthewholehouse.ItwasrightBuck.HewasanappleoftheJudge’seye,proud,intelligent,white-headedandwithatamednature.
1.2.2FacingRisksfortheFirstTime
WhenherealizedthathewasbetrayedbyManuelformoney,hebecameangryanditwasaturnofhisFortune'
swheel.Hebegantoattackthestrangerswhopulledhimevenhiswasingreatpain.Whenhefoundthathiseffortswereinvain,heconfusedanddidnotknowwhatwouldhappentohim.Hisheartwasbroken.HewishedhecouldseetheJudgeortheboys.
ItwasthefirsttimeBuckhadeverfacedsuchawfulcondition.Hecouldfindnowayoutbutwasindignantatallthestrangers.Hecouldnotdistinguishfairorfoul.
1.2.3WorkingasaSledDog
Moneyexchange,again.BuckwastransitedtothecoldNorthlandandwassettoworkashorses.Hisdignitywassorelyhurtbutheunderstoodthatitwasnouserebelling.Heshouldobey.Ifherevoltedhewouldbewhipped.Theoverwhelmingforcemadehimquicklylearnhowtodragthesledtopleasehismasters.Inthecoldwasteland,Buckhadtolearnaseriesofmethodstokeephislife.Tostruggleforexistence,Bucklearnthowtostealfoodfromotherssecretlytomeethisownneeds.Heknewthatifherobbedopenly,hewouldbebeatenbytheclubs.Hismoralnaturewasdisappearing,however,hehadnochoice.
1.2.4StayingwithThornton
Fortunately,BuckwassavedbyThornton.What’smore,Thorntonwasaperfectmasterinhismind.Hewastakengoodcareofandaspecialloveinhisbodywasawaken.
Whenheenjoyedthewell-beinglife,hewasafraidthathisThorntonwouldleavehimoneday.Therefore,healwayskeptThorntonathiselbow.HeshowedhisloveandloyaltytoThorntonincisivelyandvividly.
ItseemedthatBuckwentbacktoacivilizedsociety.However,lifeisalwaysfullofvariables.Buck,asacommoncreaturecannotforeseethefutureworld.ThelifewithThorntonwaswonderfulandhecherisheditcarefullyuntilhewascalledbyamysteriouscalling.
ChapterTwoTheSummaryof“TheCalloftheWild”
JackLondonbegan“TheCalloftheWild”withacalmsettingbutdescribeditwiththewordsthatmadethereaderimaginetheywerethere.Hepaintedasceneforeverysituationsowellthatasifamoviewereplaying.ThisisastoryaboutadognamesBuck.ThroughoutthenovelwefollowBuckthroughhisjourneythroughtheKlondike.Inreality,thejourneywasadangerousandexpensiveundertaking.WhenwefirstmetupwithBuck,helivedintheSantaClaraValley,onJudgeMiller’sproperty.Hewastherulerofhisdomain,uncontestedbyanyotherlocaldogs.HewasamixbetweenaSt.BernardandScotchShepherddog.Heweighedonehundredandfortypounds,andhecarriedeveryonewithutmostpride.Butonenight,thegardener,Manuel,tookBuckawayhishome.Buckwasthensold,andthrowninabaggagecar.NomatterhowmanytimesBucktriedtolunge,hewouldjustbechokedintosubmissionattheend.WhenBuckarrivedathisdestination,therewassnoweverywhere,nottomentionthemassesofHuskyandwolfdogs.Buckwasthrownintoapenwithamanwhohadaclub.Thelawofclubisquitesimple,iftherewasamanwithaclub,adogworldbebetteroffnottochallengethatman.Bucklearnedthislawafterhewasbeatenhalftodeathbythemanwhohadtheclub.
Buckwassoldofftoamanwhoputhiminaharnessconnectedtomanyotherdogs.Buckwasbadatfirst,buteventually,helearnedthewayoftraceandtrail.Buckhadtolearntosleepunderthesnow,andtoeathisfoodasfastaspossiblesoasnottohaveitstolen.AndthereisalawofFang:
whentwodogsfightandoneisknockedtotheground.Therestofthespectatorswillinstantlypounceonthedowneddogandmakequickworkofit.
AlloftheseunspokenruleshadturnedBuckintotheBestdogtoeverroamtheKlondike.BuckdideventuallyfightSpitzandsendhimtohisdeath.Hewasbeingstarvedtodeathbyagoldseekinggroupwhohadnotbroughtenoughfoodforthedogs.WhenBuckcouldfinallynotmoveanotherstep,amanfromthegroupstartedtobeatBuck.WhileBuckwasbeingbeaten,amannamedJohnThorntoncameforthandtookBuckfromhisattacker.ThemannursedBuckbacktohealth,andfromthatdayforward,Bucklivedforthatman.Bucklovedhimwithallhisbeing.
Afterbeingwiththismanforsometime,Buckstartedtohearacallfromfaraway.Hewasacceptedbyapackofwolvesthattreatedhimlikeawolfhimself.Andsothetransformationwascomplete.Buckhadchangedfromadog,toabeastofnature.
Chapter3EmbodimentofHumanNatureintheFiendBuck
Buckwasaferociousdogwithcomplicatednature.Theloveandloyaltyinhimdeservesourstudymost.BeforeBuckwasobligedtotheprimitivehelivedacare-freelifeandhemanagedtoprotecthishosts.IholdthatthenatureofBuckisgood.
3.1TheNatureofBuckasaFierceAnimal
AsaFierceAnimal,Buckisduplicityandcunning.
3.1.1DuplicityandCunning
AfterBuckexperiencedmaltreathelearntthelawofclubandfang.Inordertosurviveinthewastelandwithouthumancivilization,Buckhadtoadjusthimselftotheharshenvironment.Thushewasforcedtolearntobeduplicityandcunning.
3.1.2Dominions
ThedominantinBuckwasstrong,especiallyunderthefierceconditionsoftraillife.Thedominanceinhimwasstimulatedbytheparticularenvironment.Justasthehumansunderthefiercecompetitiontoday.Ifyoudon’twanttobedominatedjustdominateothers.
3.2TheLoveandLoyaltytoThornton
WhenBuckwa
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