中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试试题 英语Word格式.docx

中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试试题 英语Word格式.docx

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FouroftheOldestBuildingsintheWorld

KnapofHowar

OneoftheoldestbuildingsintheworldistheKnapofHowar,whichdatesbackto3700-3500BCE.Thefarmhouseisoneoftheoldest,still-standingstonehousesinEurope.Itincludestwostonehomeslinkedthroughahiddenpassageandjointwalls.ArchaeologistssayIrishorScottishmonkscouldbethefirstbuildersandresidentsoftheKnapofHowar.Althoughthehouseisstillstanding,theseabandonedplacesaroundtheworldarebettercandidatesforrestoration.

GgantijaTemples

TheMegalithicTemplesofMalta,ortheGgantijaTemples,datebackto3600to3200BCE.ThetwotemplesontheislandofMaltaareUNESCOWorldHeritagesites.It’soneoftheoldestfree-standingmonumentsintheworld.Archaeologiststhinkthetemplewasusedforritualanimalsacrifices.

Shunetel-Zebib

Shunetel-Zebibispartiallystanding,butmostlyinruins.It’sstill,however,oneoftheoldestbuildingsintheworld.TheEgyptiantemplebuiltin2750BCEisofmudandbrick.Ithasanundergroundtombaswellasanabove-groundcomplex.Architecturally,it’sanodtotheEgyptianpyramidssoontocome.

TombofCyrus

Builtin530BCE,theTombofCyrusisoneofIran’sWorldHeritageSitesandoneoftheoldestbuildingsontheplanet.It’salsobelievedtobeoneofthefirstearthquake-protectedstructuresintheworld,accordingtoAtlasObscura.Thebaseisolatingusedonthetombprotectsthemainstructurefrommovingapartfromthefoundation.

1.Whatdothefourbuildingshaveincommon?

A.AllofthemarelocatedinEurope.

B.Allofthemaremadeofstoneandmud.

C.AllofthemareUNESCOWorldHeritageSites.

D.AllofthemwerebuiltbeforethebirthofChrist.

2.Whichofthefourbuildingsmaybethestrongest?

A.KnapofHowar.B.GgantijaTemples.C.Shunetel-Zebib.D.TombofCyrus.

3.WhichofthefollowingisTrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.Shunetel-Zebibisearthquakeprotected.

B.TombofCyrushasanundergroundtomb.

C.GgantijaTemplesarebuiltbyIrishmonks.

D.KnapofHowarmaybetheoldestbuildingamongthefour.

B

Inthesummerof2010,DeborahBarrettandherson,Anthony,walkedoutofarestaurantneartheEdmontonhighschoolfromwhichhe’dgraduatedtwoyearsearlier.TheyhadvolunteeredtowashdishestheretogiveAnthonysomethingtodo,butwhentheywentout,thesunslicedthroughthecloudsandDeborahhadarealization:

mykidisnotspendinghislifeinadishpit.

Cleaningplatesisn’ttheonlyoptionforhigh-schoolgraduates.ButAnthonyhasautism（自闭症）andismostlynon-verbal,asidefromshortwordsinanswertoyes-or-noquestionsandtheEeeeesoundshemakeswhenhe’sexcited,happyorfrustrated.Onceapersonwithintellectualdisabilitiesagesoutofschool,“There’snolifeforthem,”Deborahsays.Programsend,andjobsareusuallyhumble.

Ashersonenteredhis20s,Deborahthoughtaboutwhathecoulddoandwhatheenjoyed.Amonghislikes:

beingdrivenaroundandcarryingthings,aswellasseeingnewplacesbutnotstayinglong.Maybehecouldbeacourier?

Thecatch:

Anthonydoesn’tmovefast,andcourierjobswouldrequirehissupportstafftobehisdriverandco-worker.

Thatwasn’tanissueforMikeHamm.In2012,hebecameAnthony’snewassistantandembracedtheplanofspendingpartoftheirdaysdeliveringpackagesasateam.ThepaircalledtheirventureAnthonyatYourService,signedafewcustomersandsetoutinHamm’slorry.

Sevenyearslater,boxesawaitingdistributionarepiledontheporchofthehome.Anthony,30,shareswithDeborahandherhusband,David,alawyer.Thecompanynowhastwo-dozendeliveryteams-eachcomprisingacontractorwithanintellectualdisabilityandtheirsupport-workercontractor-inEdmontonandCalgary.

Launchingacompanythatemploys24contractorswithintellectualdisabilities,andallthelogisticsthatcomealongwiththat,wasn’ttheoriginalplan,Deborahsays.Buttherealitiesofdeliverywork-thepeaksandvalleysindemand,thelonghours-meantthatAnthonyandHammcouldn’tshouldertheloadalone.AndthefeedbackshereceivedfromAlberta’sautisticandintellectuallydisabledcommunitiessuggestedtheywantedtoworkforacompanythatunderstoodthem.

RunningAnthonyatYourServicehasbecomeDeborah’sfull-time,andshegaveupherpsychotherapypracticeandthepresidencyofAutismSocietyAlbertaacoupleyearsago.“WhatI’mdoingforAnthonynowhasmademoredifferenceinhislifethananyofthatotherwork,”shesays.“Wewanttocreatejobsforpeoplewithallkindsofabilitiesanddisabilities.”

4.What’sthefutureofthepersonswithintellectualdisabilitiesaccordingtoDeborah?

A.Theywilllosetheirlives.B.Theywillgetwell-paidjobs.

C.Theywillcleanplatesinrestaurants.D.Theywillfindithardtofindadecentjob.

5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“courier”meaninthe3rdparagraph?

A.Accountant.B.Barber.C.Deliveryman.D.Engineer.

6.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A.Davidlaunchedthecompanyforhisson.

B.Anthony’scontractorsaremainlydisabled.

C.Deborahgaveupheroriginaljobunwillingly.

D.MikeHammisanintellectuallydisabledperson.

7.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeDeborahBarrett?

A.Accessible.B.Caring.C.Humorous.D.Modest.

C

Jellyfishareunusualcreatures.They’reneitherfishnorjelly.Someareamongthemostcolourfulcreaturesintheworld,butit’sbesttolookbutnottouchtheseinvertebrates（无脊椎动物）.Notonlyaretheyveryfragilecreatures,butmanygiveapainfulsting,andsomeareevendeadly.Whetheryouadmiretheminanaquariumortrytoavoidtheminthewild,youwon’tbeabletogetthesefascinatingjellyfishfactsoutofyourhead.

Here’sajellyfishfactthatmightcomeinhandy:

Thereareseveralnamesforagroupofjellyfish.Theyincludesmack,bloom,andswarm.Choosethewordyoupreferdependingonwhetheryouthinkthejellyfishpacklookslikeagardenofbloomingflowersormorelikeafrighteningpackofstingers,andwhetheryou’readmiringthematanaquariumorifyouandyourfellowsnorkelersaresurrounded.

Jellyfishhavetwomainformsintheirlifecyclethatlookquitedifferentfromeachother.ScientificAmericanexplainsthatanadultjellyfish,calledamedusa,hasabell-shapedbodywithtentacles（触须）flowingdownbelowit.Youngjellyfish,calledpolyps,lookmorelikeseaanemones,withshortertentaclesthatflowupabovethemainbody.Medusasreproducebyreleasingeggs.

MelanieRoberts,SeniorAquaristatSeaWorldOrlando,saysthatthelargestjellyfishintheworldisalion’smanejellyfish.Thebodyofthisbeautifulorangejellycangrowuptothreefeetindiameter.Withits12,000tentaclesthatcangrow120feetlong,Oceana.orgaddsthatthelion’smanejellycomparesinsizetotheplanet’slargestanimal:

thebluewhale.

Regardlessoftheirsize,jellyfisharemostlymadeofwater.Infact,they’reabout95percentwater.Thesecreaturesdon’thavebrains,blood,orbones.Andmostjellyfishdon’thaveeyes.Jellyfishalsousetheirmouthsbothforeatingandforwasteremoval.

8.Whycan’twetouchjellyfish?

A.Becausetheymaybestung.B.Becausetheymaydieeasily.

C.Becausetheymayfeelpainful.D.Becausetheymayhurtpeople.

9.Whatarejellyfishnamedafter?

A.Itssize.B.Itscolor.C.Itsappearance.D.Itslifestyle.

10.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Mouthisanimportantorganforjellyfish.

B.Polypscanclonethemselvesbylayingeggs.

C.Thelargestjellyfishintheworldis120feetlong.

D.Medusashavetentaclesflowingupabovethebody.

11.Whatcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A.Severalfactsaboutjellyfish.B.Thetwomainformsofjellyfish.

C.Jellyfishareneitherfishnorjelly.D.Jellyfishhavemanydifferentnames.

D

Anytimeweburnfossilfuels,we’repumpingfineparticulatematter（细颗粒物）fromoil,gasandothertoxins（毒素）intotheair.“Someofthesecarbonparticlescanpersistinthelungsfordecades,”saysDr.DonSin,arespirologistanddirectoroftheCentreforHeartLungInnovationinVancouver.

Over7,000Canadiansdiedfromcomplicationsduetopoorairqualityin2015.AstudyintheEuropeanHeartJournalearlierthisyearfoundthatairpollutionnowkills8.8millionpeopleworldwideperyear-morethantobaccosmoking.

Sinaddsthatwomen’slungsseemparticularlyeasytogetcancerfrompollution.Currently,10,000Canadianwomendieoflungcancereveryyear,and15percentofnewcasesarepeoplewhohaveneversmoked.“InCanada,lung-cancerdeathsinfemalenon-smokerswillverysoonprobablyoutnumberthedeathsfrombreastcancer,becauselungcancerissodeadly,”hesays.

Contributingtoairpollutionarethe8,000wildfiresweexperienceeveryyearinCanada,likethosethatdestroyedlargeareasofAlbertathispastspring.Theseareincreasinginfrequencyandintensitywithourhotter,drierspells.AstudyintheCanadianJournalofEmergencyMedicinefoundthatprescriptionsforanasthmaandCOPDdrugroseby22percentintheYellowkniferegioninthesummerof2014,whenitwassurroundedbywildfiresmoke.ThenumberofERvisitsforbreathingproblemswas42percenthigher;

forchildren,itmorethandoubled.

Anotherthreattobreathingismould,whichisaconcerninareaswithrepeatedflooding,suchasaroundNewBrunswick’sSaintJohnRiver,wherefloodwatershavebeeninhomesfortwoyearsinarowanddisplacedmorethan200families.Mouldsproducetoxinsandsporesthatcantriggerallergicreactionsorinfectionsiftakenin.Risingsea