7GeV ADVANCED PHOTON SOURCE APSWord文件下载.docx

7GeV ADVANCED PHOTON SOURCE APSWord文件下载.docx

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a7-GeVboostersynchrotron,andan1104-m-circumferenceelectronstorageringwithanominalenergyof7GeV.Thestorageringprovidessynchrotronradiation-based,high-brilliancex-raybeamstousersvia68beamlines（34orginatingatinsertiondevices,theother34originatingatabendingmagnets）.

400acceleratorresearchanddevelopment

Currentresearchactivitiesincludeacceleratorphysicsresearch,charged-particlebeamdynamicscalculations,particle-beamtransportdesign,measurementofacceleratormagnets,fabricationandtestingofvacuumsystemchambers,radio-frequencyaccelerationsystemmeasurements,acceleratordiagnosticsystemresearchanddevelopment,andcomputer-basedacceleratorcontrolsystem.

401advancednuclearreactorsystemsforhydrogenproduction

Tofacilitateatransitiontoahydrogen-basedeconomy,thelaboratoryisworkingonanumberofprojectscenteredaroundanadvancednuclearreactor.Suchareactorwouldoperateatatemperaturewellinexcessofthereactorsthatarecurrentlyincommercialoperationandwouldbeusedtoeitherpyrolyzenaturalgasorcrackwaterinordertomakehydrogen.Itispredictedthatthishydrogenwillbeneededtofuelbothautomobilesandhomesinthenearfuture.Specificprojectsinthisareaincludedevelopmentofprocessesforseparatingplutoniumandfissionproductsfrommoltensalt,developmentofaprocessforreducingoxidefuelstometallicform,designofhightemperaturenuclearreactors,anddevelopmentofchemicalprocessesforefficientlyconvertinghydrocarbonsorwaterintohydrogen.Thisisawide-ranging,multi-disciplinaryprojectthatrequirestheskillsofnuclear,chemical,andmechanicalengineersaswellasphysicists,chemists,appliedmathematicians,andcomputerscientists.

402X-rayScienceDivision

TheseactivitiesincluderesearchinmanyareasofChemistry,MaterialsScience,MagneticMaterialsandCondensedMatterPhysicsaswellasthedevelopmentofinstrumentationneededforabroadrangeofx-raymicroscopy,scattering,spectroscopy,imaging,andtime-resolvedexperimentsinthesefieldstobeperformedattheAdvancedPhotonSource.Inadditiontoresearchinmanyscientificareas,currentactivitiesarerelatedtodevelopmentofelectronicsforstateoftheartX-raydetectors,X-rayopticsthatallowfocusingatthenanometerscale,novelsynchrotronradiationinstrumentation,andexperimentalequipmentusefulforvariousresearchapplications.

403facilitiesconstructionandprojectmanagement

Theseactivitiesincludeconstruction-relatedfieldengineering,safetyandenvironmentalengineering,qualityassurance,andprojectmanagement;

civil,structural,mechanical,andelectricalengineering;

siteimprovements,andconstructionormodificationofseveralbuildingsandutilitysystems.

404BIOPHYSICS（BIO-CAT）

Primaryfociareonthestructureofparticallyorderedbiologicalmolecules,complexesofbiomolecules,andcellularstructuresunderconditionssimilartothosepresentinlivingcells.Researchgoalsincludethedeterminationofdetailedmechanismsofactionofbiologicalsystemsatthemolecularlevel.Techniquesusedincludex-rayfiberdiffraction,x-rayscattering,x-rayabsorption/emissionsspectroscopy,anddiffractionenhancedimaging.ConsortiumincludesIllinoisInstituteofTechnology.

405CONSORTIUMFORADVANCEDRADIATIONSOURCES（CARS-CAT）

TheconsortiumincludesTheUniversityofChicago,NorthernIllinoisUniversity,SouthernIllinoisUniversity,andAustralianNuclearScienceandTechnologyOrganization,andrepresentsfournationalusergroups:

BioCARSforstructuralbiology,GeoCARSforgeophysicalsciences,SoilEnvironCARSforsoil/environmentalsciences,andChemMatCARSforchemistryandmaterialsscience.Techniquesusedincludehighpressurediffraction,microspectroscopy,microtomography,x-rayscattering,andcrystallography.

406DUPONT-NORTHWESTERNUNIVERSITY-DOW（DND-CAT）

Thisfacilityisdedicatedtoadvancingx-raystudyonnewmaterials.Fociincludethestudyoftheatomicstructuresofbulkmaterials,thestudyoftwo-dimensionalatomicstructures,andpolymerscienceandtechnology.Techniquesincludeimaging,crystallography,scattering,andtomography.

407INDUSTRIALMACROMOLECULARCRYSTALLOGRAPHYASSOCIATION

（IMCA-CAT）

Thisconsortiuminvolvescrystallographicgroupsfrom12companiesintheUnitedStateswithmajorpharmaceuticalresearchlabs,inassociationwiththeCenterforSynchrotronRadiationResearchattheIllinoisInstituteofTechnology.Alargefractionoftheresearchisproprietary.Techniquesincludemultiwavelengthanomalousdiffraction.

408MATERIALSRESEARCH（MR-CAT）

IllinoisInstituteofTechnologyisamongfouruniversitiesandonemajorcorporation（BP-Amoco）involvedwiththiscollaboration.Fociincludesstudiesofadvancedmaterialsinsituasameansofcharacterizingtheirstructureandelectronicproperties,aswellasunderstandingtheirpreparation.Primarytechniquesincludewide-andsmall-anglescattering,single-crystalandpowderdiffraction,absorptionspectroscopy,reflectivity,standingwaves,diffractionanomalousfinestructure,andtime-dependentandmicrofocustechniques.

BIOSCIENCESDIVISION（BIO）

TheprincipalmissionoftheBiosciencesDivisionistoconductmultidisciplinary,basicresearchthatfurtherincreasestheunderstandingoffundamentalmolecularmechanismsoflife,enablingvaluableadvancesinenvironmentalprotectionandremediation,energyproductionandsustainability,andhumanhealthandwelfare.ResearchprojectsintheDivisionrangefromfundamentalstudiesofDNAsequencesusingmolecularbiologyandcomputationalstrategiestopracticaluseofgenomicinformation,includingselectionoftargetsforproteinfunctionandstructuredeterminationsandproteinengineeringtoelucidatenaturalbiologicalprocesses.ManagementoftwostructuralbiologyuserfacilitiesattheAdvancedPhotonSource,theStructuralBiologyCenterfundedbytheDepartmentofEnergyandtheGM/CACATfundedbytheNationalInstitutesofHealth,alsofallswithintheBiosciencesDivision.TheSectionsare:

StructuralBiology

409MIDWESTCENTERFORSTRUCTURALGENOMICS

TheMidwestCenterforStructuralGenomics（MCSG）isaconsortiumoftheArgonneNationalLaboratory,EuropeanBioinformaticsInstitute,NorthwesternUniversity,UniversityofToronto,WashingtonUniversity,UniversityCollegeLondon,UniversityofVirginiaandtheUniversityofTexasandapartoftheNIH-fundedtheProteinStructureInitiative.TheprimaryobjectiveoftheMCSGistorapidlydeterminethestructuresofstrategicallyselectedandbio-medicallyimportanttargetsincludingproteinsfrompathogensandhighereukaryotes.TheMCSGgoalistoelucidateproteinfoldingspaceandultimatelyprovidestructuralcoverageofmajorproteinfamilieswithsufficientgranularitytoallow3Dhomologymodelingofallproteinsusingonlycomputationalmethods.Thiswillprovidethefoundationfor21stcenturystructuralbiologywhenstructuresofvirtuallyallproteinswillbefoundintheProteinDataBank（PDB）orderivedbycomputationalmethods.

410CENTERFORSTRUCTURALGENOMICSOFINFECTIOUSDISEASES

CSGIDappliesstate-of-the-arthigh-throughput（HTP）structuralbiologytechnologiestoexperimentallycharacterizethethreedimensionalatomicstructureoftargetedproteinsfrompathogensintheNIAIDCategoryA-Cprioritylistsandorganismscausingemergingandre-emerginginfectiousdiseases

411STRUCTURALCORRELATESOFPROTEINFUNCTION

Wefocusonthecharacterizationandstructuredeterminationofproteins. 

Ourultimategoalistounderstandhowthestructuresandfunctionsofproteinsarerelated. 

Thesamplesthatweworkwithincludeproteinsthatareimportantin

（1）bioremediation（multihemecytochromes,hemebasedsensors）,

（2）biofuels（hydrolyticenzymes）,（3）humanhealth（immunoglobulinlightchains）,and（4）photosynthesis（reactioncenter）

412MEMBRANEPROTEINENGINEERING

Membrane-boundproteinsposeparticularchallengesforbiochemicalandbiophysicalstudies. 

Ourdevelopmentofnovelexpressionsystemsandstabilizingreagentsformembraneproteinsadvancesthepotentialforstudyofthesehighlyspecializedmolecularsystems.

413WIDE-ANGLEX-RAYSCATTERING

Thehigh-resolution,three-dimensionalstructureofaproteinprovidesanimportantbasisforevaluatingproteinfunction.Unfortunately,highresolutionstructuralimagingviamacromolecularcrystallographyandNMRspectroscopyisapplicableonlytoarelativelysmallproportionoftheproteomeandpublishedsuccessratesforhigh-throughput（HTP）structuralgenomicscentersarecurrentlylessthan2%

414GreatLakesRegionalCenterofExcellenceforBiodefenseandEmergingInfectiousDiseases

ResearchProjectsintheGreatLakesRCEaremulti-year,multi-disciplinarystudiesaimedatthedevelopmentofnewvaccinesortherapiesagainstdiseasescausedbyagentsthatcanbeusedasbiologicalweapons.

ComputationalBiology

415HomologyAnalysisforStructure,Function,andMalfunction

Amajorchallengeforstructuralbiologyistomaximizetheinformationcontentintheaminoacidsequenceofaprotein. 

Theinformationrelevanttofunctionalgenomicsinclude