中考英语阅读理解真题专项训练饮食卫生与健康安全与急救Word文档下载推荐.docx
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中考英语阅读理解真题专项训练饮食卫生与健康安全与急救Word文档下载推荐.docx
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和一个"
H"
,就是边读边用铅笔做些标记,把What(事件),When(时间),Where(地点),Why(原因),How(经过)划出来。
抓住了四个“W”和一个“H”,就抓住了文章的全貌,一些直接性的问题便可解决。
2.抓住连接词及起关键作用的副词、代词、介词、插入语等。
因为这些词具有因果,让步,递进,转折,指代,列举及承上启下等各种连接上下文的特殊功能。
这对考生分清文章层次,辨明各种关系,了解人物心理,推断作者意图,进行逻辑推理等手段来分析难点,都具有举足轻重的作用。
3.注意领会文章的寓意。
4.根据题意,初选答案。
这一步须仔细审题,领会测试要求,确定解题方法。
对那些明显的,有把握的题可以断然确定,不必把其余三个答案再作推敲而浪费时间:
有些略难的题,应再查阅短文(不是重读一遍),迅速找出依据,予以排除。
常用的解题方法有如下几种:
①直接解题法。
即从原文中直接找出答案。
②归纳解题法。
对于不能从原文中直接找出答案的可在把握全文中心和线索的前题下进行概括、归纳得出正确答案。
③综合推理法。
读者需统观全文,认真分析,综合推理及至计算,最后归纳出正确答案。
题干中有"
suggest,conclude,conclusion,probably,reason,because,accordingto“等字眼时,属于推断概括型,考查内容着眼于全篇,考生应具备一定的分析归纳,推理等逻辑思维能力。
④捕捉关键词。
在阅读时应该注意与问题相关的同义词,近义词,反义词或同位词等信息词来得出正确答案。
⑤转换解题法。
即原文这么说,而在问题和所给选项中则用另外的词去转换一种说法,但仍表示同一含义。
⑥排除法。
根据语言,句法结构,信息词和常识,在没有把握的选项中用排除法得出正确答案。
四、重读原文,仔细斟酌核对答案。
在解完最后一道题后,如果时间允许,再将原文读一遍;
用全文的主题思想统率各思考题,研究其内在联系和逻辑关系,目的在于对所做答案进一步审查,推出未解答的题,以便减少失误。
真题实战训练
时间:
8~10分钟/篇 分值:
2分/小题
Passage1(2018宜昌)
Therearemanydifferentkindsofdisastersaroundtheworld.Asanadultyouknowwhattododuringadisaster,butwhataboutthechildren?
Someadultsthinkitwouldprobablyneverhappentothem,sotheydon'
tteachtheirchildrenwhattodo.Beforeit'
stoolate,herearewaystohelpyouprepareyourchildforadisaster:
Educate:
Itisalwaysgoodtoletyourchildknowaboutpossibledisasters.Thisdoesn'
tmeanchildrenhavetoliveinfear.Whenteachingthemaboutdisasters,keeptheconversationpositive(积极的)bytellingthemthereisasolution(解决办法)tothedisaster.Keeptheconversationsshort,allowforquestionsandanswerhonestly.
Prepare:
Alwaysbeprepared,thatisthebestadviceforchildren.Forexample,whenpreparingforbadweather,getthetoolsyouneed,likecandles,radios,food,waterandmedicine.Teachyourchildwhatisneededincertaindisasterssothattheyknowwhatisavailableforthem,ifeverneeded.
Plan:
Youshouldalwayshaveaplanforyouandyourchildforanydangeroussituation.Writeoutasimplelistthattheycanread.Theplancouldstartwith“listentoanadult'
sadviceand/orcall119”.
Practice:
Onceyouhavegotthecorrectsafetytoolsandworkedouttherightplan,practiceeveryfewmonths.Practicingwhattododuringadisasterwithyourchildwillhelpthemifthetimecomes.
Disasterscan'
tbeavoidedbuttheycanbelessened(减轻)onceyouarepreparedandreadyforone.
( )1.Whatdoestheworddisastermean?
A.命运 B.灾难 C.演习 D.倾销
( )2.Whatshouldadultsteachchildren?
A.Whendisasterswillhappen.
B.Whydisastersaredangerous.
C.Whattodoforadisaster.
D.Howtoavoidadisaster.
( )3.Whatisthecorrectthingtodoforadults?
A.Havepositiveconversationswithchildren.
B.Trynottotalkaboutdisasterswithchildren.
C.Makethechildrenscaredofdisasters.
D.Askchildrenlotsofquestions.
( )4.What'
sthemostimportantthingforchildren?
A.Alwaysaskadultsforhelp.
B.Alwaysbepreparedforadisaster.
C.Alwayslistentoanadult'
sadvice.
D.Alwaysrememberwherethetoolsare.
( )5.WhatisNOTsuggesteddoing?
A.Rememberingwhatisneededincertaindisasters.
B.Gettingthechildrentoknowtheplanwell.
C.Helpingpeopleindisasterareas.
D.Gettingradiosforbadweather.
Passage2(2018娄底)
Robertandhisbrotherwereplayingfootballintheirfrontyard.Suddenlyawomanranoutofherhouseshoutingtothemtocallanambulance(救护车).Her12weekoldbabyseemedtostopbreathing.Shewassoscaredthatshecouldn'
tfindhercellphone,soshehaddecidedtorushoutsidetoaskforhelp.
AsthewomanwastryingtodoCPR(心肺复苏术)onherbaby,youngRobertcameinandtoldhershewasdoingitallwrong.Heaskedhertousetwofingers,pushonthechest510times,tilt(倾斜)thebaby'
shead,plug(堵住)thenoseandthendoamouthtomouthresuscitationbybreathingintothebaby'
smouth.
Luckilyforthebaby,thewomanacceptedRobert'
sadvice.Justforasecond,camealoudcryfromthebaby.Soonthedoctorscameandthebabywassenttohospital.
ThemostamazingpartofthisstoryisthatRoberthasnotattendedaCPRclass.Instead,helearneditallbycarefullyreadingtheposters(宣传画)onthewallsofhisschoolhall.And,whileheisnowbeingcalledasaheroandeveninterviewedonTV,heisjustgladtohavesavedthebaby'
slife!
“Thankstothepostersonthewalls,hecouldsavethekid!
”histeachersaidtothereporterproudly.
( )1.WhydidthewomanaskRobertandhisbrothertocallanambulance?
A.BecauseRobertandhisbrotherhitherbaby.
B.Becauseshehadtolookafterher12weekoldbaby.
C.Becauseherbabyseemedtostopbreathingandshecouldn'
tfindhercellphone.
( )2.WhotaughtthewomantodoCPRcorrectly?
A.Robert'
sparents.B.Roberthimself.
C.Robert'
sbrother.
( )3.HowdidRobertlearnCPR?
A.Heusedtogotothehospitaltolearnitfromthedoctors.
B.Helearntitbylisteningtotheradioandkeptitinhismind.
C.Helearntitbyreadingthepostersonthewallsofhisschoolhall.
stheChinesemeaningoftheunderlinedword“resuscitation”?
A.复苏 B.保存 C.逃跑
( )5.What'
sthemainideaofthelastparagraph?
A.RobertwasinterviewedonTV.
B.Theschoolcultureisgoodforstudents.
C.Robertisaherobecausehesavedthebaby.
Passage3(2018南充)
Whatshouldyoudoifthere'
sanearthquakeatschool?
Howcanyouprotectyourselfwhenyouarecaughtinastampede(踩踏)?
March25thisyearprovidesyouwithagoodchancetolearnaboutsafety.
ThisdayiscalledtheNationalDayofEducationontheSafetyofElementaryandMiddleSchoolStudents(NDESEMSS)(全国中小学生安全教育日).Thethemeofthedaythisyearistogivestudentsmoreknowledgeaboutsafetyandmakesuretheirlivessafe.
AsurveydonebytheChinaYouthandChildrenResearchCentershowedthatschoolaccidentskillmoreelementaryandmiddleschoolstudentsthananythingelse.Themainaccidentscomefromstampedes,earthquakes,firesandsportsinjuries(伤害).
Whatcanwedotokeepourselvessafe?
Stayingcalm(镇静)isthefirstandmostimportantrulewhenfacingaccidents.Butdifferentaccidentshavedifferentselfprotectionadvice.
Astampedeispossibleanywhere.Thelargerahumancrowdgets,themorelikelystampedesbecome.Whenstudentsaroundyoubegintopush,standstillandtrytoholdontosomething,orstayinacorneruntilthecrowdleaves.Ifyoufalldowninamovingcrowd,coveryourheadwithbothhands.Leantooneside,curlupyourbodyandbendyourlegs.
Earthquakesarecommonnaturaldisasters(灾难).Whenyoufeelthegroundshake,dropdown,takecoverunderadeskandholdon.Youshouldstayindoorsuntiltheshakingstops.Ifyouareoutdoors,don'
tstaynearbuildings,treesorpowerlines.
Whenthere'
safire,followtheteachers'
instructions,leavetheclassroomquicklyanduseapieceofclothtocoveryourmouthandnosesothatyoudon'
tbreatheinsmoke.
( )1.What'
sthethemeofNDESEMSSthisyear?
A.Togivestudentsmoreknowledgeaboutsafetyandmakesuretheirlivessafe.
B.Togivestudentsmoreknowledgeabouthealthandmakesuretheyeathealthily.
C.Togivestudentsmoreknowledgeaboutscienceandmaketheirstudybetter.
D.Togivestudentsmoreknowledgeaboutaccidentsandmakethemrunaway.
( )2.Whatshouldyoudofirstwhenaccidentshappenaccordingtothispassage?
A.Runaway.B.Standthere.C.Keepcalm.D.Cryloudly.
( )3.Accordingtothispassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?
A.Caraccidentskillthemostelementaryandmiddleschoolstudentsofallaccidents.
B.Whenthere'
safire,youshoulduseclothtocoveryourmouthandnose.
C.Ifyoufalldowninamovingcrowd,youcandonothingbutwaitthere.
D.Whenanearthquakehappens,youshouldstaynearbuildingsortrees.
sthebesttitleforthispassage?
A.BeafraidofaccidentsB.Theearthquakeiscoming
C.RunawayfromaccidentsD.Howtoprotectyourself
( )5.Ifthewritercontinuestowritethispassage,whatwillhewriteabout?
A.Thechangesoffires.B.Thereasonsofaccidents.
C.Sportsinjuries.D.Smokingdisadvantages.
参考答案
Passage1【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。
主要介绍了让孩子准备和应对灾难的几种做法。
1.B【解析】词义猜测题。
题干意为:
disaster这个单词的意思是什么?
通读文章可知,本文主要讲的是应对灾难的方法,所以disaster是“灾难”的意思。
故选B。
2.C【解析】细节理解题。
大人应该教孩子们什么?
根据文章第一段第二句“Asanadultyouknowwhattododuringadisaster,butwhataboutthechildren?
”和最后一句“Beforeit'
”可知,大人应该告诉孩子在灾难中如何应对,故选C。
3.A【解析】细节理解题。
对于大人来说,做什么事情是正确的?
根据文章第二段第三句“...keeptheconversationpositive(积极的)bytellingthemthereisasolution(解决办法)tothedisaster.”可知答案为A。
4.B【解析】细节理解题。
对孩子来说,最重要的事情是什么?
根据文章最后一段“Disasterscan'
tbeavoidedbuttheycanbelessened(减轻)onceyouarepreparedandreadyforone.”可知做好准备是最重要的。
5.C【解析】细节理解题。
什么是不被建议做的?
根据第三段最后一句“Teachyourchildwhatisneededincertaindisasters...”可知A正确;
根据倒数第三段第一句话“Youshouldalwayshaveaplanforyouandyourchildforanydangeroussituation.”可知B正确;
根据第三段第二句“...whenpreparingforbadweather...”可知D正确;
而C在文中没有提到,故选C。
Passage2【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。
文章叙述了一名叫罗伯特的学生无意间认真学习了学校墙上的宣传画,却因此救活了邻居家12个星期大的孩子的故事。
文章告诉我们:
平时要像罗伯特一样多留心学习一些急救措施。
1.C【解析】细节理解题。
这位女士为什么请求罗伯特和他的兄弟叫救护车?
根据第一段第三、四句“Her12weekoldbabyseemedtostopbreathing.Shewassoscaredthatshecouldn'
tfindhercellphone,so...”可知选项C符合题意。
故选C。
2.B【解析】细节理解题。
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