考研英语一真题及答案打印Word格式文档下载.docx
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考研英语一真题及答案打印Word格式文档下载.docx
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braintrainingprogram"
designedtoactuallyhelppeopleimproveandregaintheirmental___14___.
TheWeb-basedprogram___15___youtosystematicallyimproveyourmemoryandattentionskills.Theprogramkeeps___16___ofyourprogressandprovidesdetailedfeedback___17___yourperformanceandimprovement.Mostimportantly,it___18___modifiesandenhancesthegamesyouplayto___19___onthestrengthsyouaredeveloping—muchlikea(n)___20___exerciseroutinerequiresyoutoincreaseresistanceandvaryyourmuscleuse.
1.[A]where[B]when[C]that[D]why
2.[A]improves[B]fades[C]recovers[D]collapses
3.[A]If[B]Unless[C]Once[D]While
4.[A]uneven[B]limited[C]damaging[D]obscure
5.[A]wellbeing[B]environment[C]relationship[D]outlook
6.[A]turns[B]finds[C]points[D]figures
7.[A]roundabouts[B]responses[C]workouts[D]associations
8.[A]genre[B]functions[C]circumstances[D]criterion
9.[A]channel[B]condition[C]sequence[D]process
10.[A]persist[B]believe[C]excel[D]feature
11.[A]Therefore[B]Moreover[C]Otherwise[D]However
12.[A]accordingto[B]regardlessof[C]apartfrom[D]insteadof
13.[A]back[B]further[C]aside[D]around
14.[A]sharpness[B]stability[C]framework[D]flexibility
15.[A]forces[B]reminds[C]hurries[D]allows
16.[A]hold[B]track[C]order[D]pace
17.[A]to[B]with[C]for[D]on
18.[A]irregularly[B]habitually[C]constantly[D]unusually
19.[A]carry[B]put[C]build[D]take
20.[A]risky[B]effective[C]idle[D]familiar
SectionⅡReadingComprehension
PartA
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)
Text1
Inorderto"
changelivesforthebetter"
andreduce"
dependency"
GeorgeOsborne,ChancelloroftheExchequer,introducedthe"
upfrontworksearch"
scheme.OnlyifthejoblessarriveatthejobcentrewithaCV,registerforonlinejobsearch,andstartlookingforworkwilltheybeeligibleforbenefitandthentheyshouldreportweeklyratherthanfortnightly.Whatcouldbemorereasonable?
Moreapparentreasonablenessfollowed.Therewillnowbeaseven-daywaitforthejobseeker’sallowance."
Thosefirstfewdaysshouldbespentlookingforwork,notlookingtosignon."
heclaimed."
We’redoingthesethingsbecauseweknowtheyhelppeoplestayoffbenefitsandhelpthoseonbenefitsgetintoworkfaster."
Help?
Really?
Onfirsthearing,thiswasthesociallyconcernedchancellor,tryingtochangelivesforthebetter,completewith"
reforms"
toanobviouslyindulgentsystemthatdemandstoolittleeffortfromthenewlyunemployedtofindwork,andsubsidiseslaziness.Whatmotivatedhim,weweretounderstand,washiszealfor"
fundamentalfairness"
—protectingthetaxpayer,controllingspendingandensuringthatonlythemostdeservingclaimantsreceivedtheirbenefits.
Losingajobishurting:
youdon’tskipdowntothejobcentrewithasonginyourheart,delightedattheprospectofdoublingyourincomefromthegenerousstate.Itisfinanciallyterrifying,psychologicallyembarrassingandyouknowthatsupportisminimalandextraordinarilyhardtoget.Youarenownotwanted;
yousupportisminimalandextraordinarilyhardtoget.Youarenownotwanted;
youarenowexcludedfromtheworkenvironmentthatofferspurposeandstructureinyourlife.Worse,thecrucialincometofeedyourselfandyourfamilyandpaythebillshasdisappeared.Askanyonenewlyunemployedwhattheywantandtheanswerisalways:
ajob.
ButinOsborneland,yourfirstinstinctistofallintodependency—permanentdependencyifyoucangetit—supportedbyastateonlytooreadytoindulgeyourfalsehood.Itisasthough20yearsofever-tougherreformsofthejobsearchandbenefitadministrationsystemneverhappened.TheprincipleofBritishwelfareisnolongerthatyoucaninsureyourselfagainsttheriskofunemploymentandreceiveunconditionalpaymentsifthedisasterhappens.Eventheveryphrase"
jobseeker’sallowance"
—inventedin1996—isaboutredefiningtheunemployedasa"
jobseeker"
whohadnomandatoryrighttoabenefitheorshehasearnedthroughmakingnationalinsurancecontributions.Instead,theclaimantreceivesatime-limited"
allowance,"
conditionalonactivelyseekingajob;
noentitlementandnoinsurance,at£
71.70aweek,oneoftheleastgenerousintheEU.
21.GeorgeOsborne’sschemewasintendedto
[A]providetheunemployedwitheasieraccesstobenefits.
[B]encouragejobseekers’activeengagementinjobseeking.
[C]motivatetheunemployedtoreportvoluntarily.
[D]guaranteejobseekers’legitimaterighttobenefits.
22.Thephrase,"
tosignon"
(Line3,Para.2)mostprobablymeans
[A]tocheckontheavailabilityofjobsatthejobcentre.
[B]toacceptthegovernment’srestrictionsontheallowance.
[C]toregisterforanallowancefromthegovernment.
[D]toattendagovernmentaljob-trainingprogram.
23.Whatpromptedthechancellortodevelophisscheme?
[A]Adesiretosecureabetterlifeforall.
[B]Aneagernesstoprotecttheunemployed.
[C]Anurgetobegeneroustotheclaimants.
[D]Apassiontoensurefairnessfortaxpayers.
24.AccordingtoParagraph3,beingunemployedmakesonefeel
[A]uneasy
[B]enraged.
[C]insulted.
[D]guilty.
25.Towhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthormostprobablyagree?
[A]TheBritishwelfaresystemindulgesjobseekers’laziness.
[B]Osborne’sreformswillreducetheriskofunemployment.
[C]Thejobseekers’allowancehasmettheiractualneeds.
[D]Unemploymentbenefitsshouldnotbemadeconditional.
Text2
Allaroundtheworld,lawyersgeneratemorehostilitythanthemembersofanyotherprofession—withthepossibleexceptionofjournalism.ButtherearefewplaceswhereclientshavemoregroundsforcomplaintthanAmerica.
Duringthedecadebeforetheeconomiccrisis,spendingonlegalservicesinAmericagrewtwiceasfastasinflation.Thebestlawyersmadeskyscrapers-fullofmoney,temptingevermorestudentstopileintolawschools.Butmostlawgraduatesnevergetabig-firmjob.Manyoftheminsteadbecomethekindofnuisance-lawsuitfilerthatmakesthetortsystemacostlynightmare.
Therearemanyreasonsforthis.Oneistheexcessivecostsofalegaleducation.ThereisjustonepathforalawyerinmostAmericanstates:
afour-yearundergraduatedegreeinsomeunrelatedsubject,thenathree-yearlawdegreeatoneof200lawschoolsauthorizedbytheAmericanBarAssociationandanexpensivepreparationforthebarexam.Thisleavestoday’saveragelaw-schoolgraduatewith$100,000ofdebtontopofundergraduatedebts.Law-schooldebtmeansthatmanycannotaffordtogointogovernmentornon-profitwork,andthattheyhavetoworkfearsomelyhard.
Reformingthesystemwouldhelpbothlawyersandtheircustomers.Sensibleideashavebeenaroundforalongtime,butthestate-levelbodiesthatgoverntheprofessionhavebeentooconservativetoimplementthem.Oneideaistoallowpeopletostudylawasanundergraduatedegree.Anotheristoletstudentssitforthebarafteronlytwoyearsoflawschool.Ifthebarexamistrulyasternenoughtestforawould-belawyer,thosewhocansititearliershouldbeallowedto
doso.Studentswhodonotneedtheextratrainingcouldcuttheirdebtmountainbyathird.
Theotherreasonwhycostsaresohighistherestrictiveguild-likeownershipstructureofthebusiness.ExceptintheDistrictofColumbia,non-lawyersmaynotownanyshareofalawfirm.Thiskeepsfeeshighandinnovationslow.Thereispressureforchangefromwithintheprofession,butopponentsofchangeamongtheregulatorsinsistthatkeepingoutsidersoutofalawfirmisolateslawyersfromthepressuretomakemoneyratherthanserveclientsethically.
Infact,allowingnon-lawyerstoownsharesinlawfirmswouldreducecostsandimproveservicestocustomers,byencouraginglawfirmstousetechnologyandtoemployprofessionalmanagerstofocusonimprovingfirms’efficiency.Afterall,othercountries,suchasAustraliaandBritain,havestartedliberalizingtheirlegalprofessions.Americashouldfollow.
26.alotofstudentstakeuplawastheirprofessiondueto
[A]thegrowingdemandfromclients.
[B]theincreasingpressureofinflation.
[C]theprospectofworkingi
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