考生作文Word下载.docx
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考生作文Word下载.docx
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WhatIlearntfromthiseventwasthatoneshouldrelaxoneselfandbeconfidentenoughtodealwiththings.Iwillnotletithappenagain.What’smore,IhopeeveryonewillnevermakethesamemistakeaswhatIdid.(Conclusionwithlessonslearnedfromthemistakes,andsuggestionisalsomentionedheretothereader.)
2.2段落写作
2.2.1开始段
1开门见山Comedirectlytothepoint
2提问Questioning
3人物描述Describethecharacter
4意外新闻Surprisingnews
5数据Statistics
6引用Quotation
7定义Definition
8明喻、暗喻MetaphororSimile
2.2.2结束段落
1总结Summarizing
2反问Tagquestion
3建议Givingsuggestion
4谚语及其他Proverborsomething
2.3短文写作
2.3.1短文写作的类型
1,叙述Narration
2,描述Description
3,说明Exposition
4,议论Argumentation
2.3.2常用的连结词
(1)因果Cause-Effect
asaresult,invirtueof,consequently,thus,therefore,forthisreason,becauseof,onaccountof,sothat,dueto,owingto,forthereasonthat,etc.
(2)举例Example
forinstance,forexample,oneexampleis,suchas,Acaseinpoint,takeforexample,etc.
(3)条件Condition
if,incase,suppose,providedthat,aslongas.
(4)附加、变换Addition&
Alternation
and,notonly…butalso,aswellas,moreover,besides,eitheror,neither…nor,both…and,whetheror,ontheonehand,ontheotherhand,furthermore,inaddition,What’smore,etc.
(5)比较、对照Compare&
Contrast
comparewith/to,like,inthesameway,similarly,unlike,aswellas,by/incontrast,onthecontrary,bycomparison,ontheotherhand,itmustbeadmitted,etc.
(6)让步、转换Concession&
Transition
but,however,ontheotherhand,nevertheless,whereas,while,yet,still,although,eventhough,though,inspiteof,apartfrom,unless,except,admittedly,doubtless,nevertheless,evenif,afterall,etc.
(7)强调Emphasis
indeed,certainly,aboveall,ofcourse,inaddition,infact,afterall,especially,inparticular,etc.
(8)时间Time
afterthat,fromnowon,next,fromthenon,first,secondly,finally,former,previous(ly),meanwhile,atthesametime,sincethen,bythetimebeing,temporarily,etc.
(9)空间Space
over,above,inside,outside,beside,across,between,before,belowcloseto,infrontof,inthecenterof,nearby,nearto,ontopof,etc.
(10)结论Conclusion
inthatcase,forthatreason,ifso…,inshort,inbrief,inaword,tosumup,inconclusion,etc.
二,描述文与说明文
描写文(Description)
描写文是用文字描绘一幅人物、地点、事物或景色的图画。
不同于记叙文,描写文一般都是从某个观察角度出发,抓住要描述的对象的特点,按一定顺序进行描述。
如:
由近及远,自上而下.等等。
说明文(Exposition)
说明文是用解释和说明的方法对事物的发生、结果、特征、性质、状态、功能等进行解释和介绍,以提供信息。
它用于说明客观事物的特点和性能,或介绍某种操作的程序,或解释某些抽象概念或科学原理等。
说明文的写作要点是:
条理分明,例证充分,突出主题,合乎逻辑。
它常用的写作方法有:
举例、定义、分类、比较、对照、因果分析和叙述过程等。
1.人物描写
这部分主要描写人物的面貌外表、性相、行为举止或思想感情作者应抓住他有别于其他人的主要特点来描写,见下例。
MyTwoCousins
MytwocousinsMaryandAnnearesimilarinmanyways.
Infact,somepeoplethinkthetwogirlsaretwinsratherthansistersbecausethearecloseinage,bothintheirearlyteens,andbecausetheylookandactagooddealalike.Theyarebothtallfortheirageandslender,andtheybothweartheirdark-brownhairlongandstraight.Mary,whoisfifteen,hasstunninglargebrowneyes;
andAnne,whoisfourteen,alsohasbeautifuldarkeyes.Theybothhavelovelyolivecomplexions,andwhentheysmile,theyradiatewarmthandhappiness.Whatismostnoticeableaboutthetwogirlsisthattheyarebothtalented,outgoingandfriendly.Maryisthevicepresidentofherclassandactiveindanceanddrama.Anne,whoisalsoagoodstudent,isastarmemberofthetennisteamaswellasaccomplishedguitarist.
Asmightbeguessed,mytwocousinsarebothverypopular.
2.过程描述法(Process)
运用这种写作方法时,常用被动语态。
另外,在描写某一过程时,每一步之间的次序很重要。
恰当地使用表示先后顺序的过渡词语在过程描述中起关键作用。
常用句型句式有:
first,then,next,afterthat,finally,
Thefirststep/stage,thesecondstep/stage…thelaststep/stage
WaterPurification
Theprovisionofsafewaternecessitatesoneofthemajorexpenditureofmanpowerandrevenueinourmoderncities.Thepurificationofwaterisbasicallyatwo-steporthree-stepprocesscarriedourunderthestrictsupervisionofpublichealthscientistsandengineers.Asthefirststep,naturalwaterfromtheleastcontaminatedsourceisallowedtostandinlargereservoirs,wheremostofthemud,clayandsiltsettleout;
thisiscalled"
sedimentation."
Ofteninwaterwithhighmudcontent,limeandaluminumsulphateareaddedtothewaterinthesettlingreservoirs.Thesechemicalsreactinthewatertoformaluminumhydroxide,whichsettlesslowlyandcarriesmuchofthesuspendedmaterial,includingmostofthebacteria,tothebottomofthereservoirs.Asthesecondstep,thewaterisfilteredthroughbedsofthesandandgravel,whichremoveotherimpuritiesandchemicalsinit.Duringorafterfiltration,chemicalsareordinarilyaddedtothewatertokillanyremainingharmfulbacteria.Chlorineisoneofthemostcommonchemicalsusedforthispurpose.Athirdsteptakenbysomemunicipalitiesisaddingtothewaterotherbeneficialchemicalssuchasfluoridetomaketoothenamelhard,andsodaashtomakethewateritselfsoft.Thewaterpurificationprocess,carriedoutwithlittlevariationfromonelargecitytoanother,isperhapsthebiggestfactorinthepreventionofmajoroutbreakofdiseaseinthiscountry.
3.空间顺序描述法(Space)
空间顺序描述法是描写文体中比较常用的方法。
使用这种写作方法一定要注意参照点要清楚。
常见方式有;
1.由远及近或由近及远;
2.以中间某一点为参照点,然后按顺时针或逆时针顺序描述;
3.从某一点起,以A为参照点讲B,再以B为参照点讲C,依此类推。
其中,第三种方式最常用。
因为这种动态的描述可以使读者有身临其境的感觉。
空间顺序描述法常用句型句式有;
…stands/isstandinginthe.
Totheleft/rightstands
…stands/is/locatestotheright/leftof…..
…stands/is/locatesbetween…and…
whenyouarriveat/in….,youcansee….
Nextto…,ontheleft/right,youcansee….
环境说明文的写作应该注意的事项有下面几点:
1.语言简明扼要,通俗易懂,避免夸张华丽的辞藻,要把真实的一面展现在读者面前。
2.说明时一定要把握一个中心主题。
说明文中细枝末节较多,但不能喧宾夺主。
3.说明的次序非常重要。
合理的次序会使文章条理清楚,脉络明晰。
因此,练习时可以尝试不同的次序进行写作,找出最合理的一种。
4.由于说明文写实性较强,有时难免会让人感到没有生气。
因此,可以适当使用一些比喻、拟人等修辞手段,来增加文章的色彩。
e.g.TheLayoutofaHospital
Direction:
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionabout"
THELAYOUTOFAHOSPITAL"
.Locatesomeimportantdepartmentsinthehospitalbasedonthepictureandinformationgivenbelow.Yourcompositionsshouldbenolessthan100words.
(1)theEmergencyDepartmentTheLayoutofaHospital
(2)theOut-patientDepartment
(3)theSurgeryDepartment
(4)Dispensary
(5)PhysicianDepartment
(6)theEye,Ear,andThroatDepartment
(7)theDentalDepartment
(8)theLaboratory
(9)theX-rayDepartment
(10)theAdministrativeBuilding
(11)theWard
Nearthegate,onthewestsideoftheroadistheEmergencyDepartment.OppositetheEmergencyDepartmentacrosstheMainRoadistheOut-patientDepartment.ThebuildingtothesouthwestofthelakeistheDispensary,whichfacestheSurgeryDepartmentlyingontheothersideoftheroad.Alongthewestwall,fromsouthtonorth,standthreebuildings:
thePhysicianDepartment,theEye,Ear,andThroatDepartment,andtheDentalDepartment,Laboratoryistothenorthwestoftheroundabout,andbesidetheLaboratory,theX-rayDepartmentislocatedonthesamesideoftheroad.
AwindingroadbythelakeleadstotheWard.NeartheendoftheMainRoad,theAdministrativeBuildingissituatedontheeastside.Thehospitalisnicelyandconvenientlylaidout.
4.根据图表作文
这种作文形式是在给出标题的同时,给出图表,并附以提纲指示、关键词或段首句,而进行写作。
根据图表作文一般要求考生至对图表中的相关数据进行描述、分析和评论,并得出合乎逻辑的笑论。
这种写作形式是一种将数据、形象信息转化为文字信息的过程
写作时考生可以采用先描述后议论或夹叙夹议的方法。
叙述一般是在为议论打基础,所以,除了直接引用表中有关典型数据外,有必要做些简单计算,指出增减的百分比、倍数或绝对数字来。
切忌毫无目的的引用表中过多或全部的数据。
图表文常用的句型、句式有:
thetable(diagram/graph/chart/piechart/curve)presents(indicates/shows)thedata(statistics/figures)about...
theabovedata(statistics/figures)canbeinterpretedasfollows:
Asisshowninthetab
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