Time Study教程Word下载.docx
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Time Study教程Word下载.docx
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trage(Time-study)
:
Time-studyistheoperationwhichconsistsin:
▪CheckingthattheMethodofWorkiscorrectlyapplied.
▪Assessingandrecordingtheworkingrateoftheoperatorobserved.
▪Measuringandrecordingtimes.
Youwillfindanexampleofatimerecordingsheetattheendofthisdocument.
▪WorkElement:
Thisisaportionofworkdemarcatedbytwomeasurementreferencesandconsistingofanorderedsequenceofdefinedactionsofahomogeneousnature.
▪
Conceptofrate:
Anoperator’sworkingrateishisinstantaneousspeedofexecutionofausefulpieceofworkwhenthisspeedisdependentsolelyontheoperator’sworkingrhythm.Thisrateorspeedtakesaccountoftheexecutionconditions(difficulty,precision,ergonomics,etc.).
▪Rating:
Thisistheoperationbywhichaqualifiedorganiserassessestheworkingrateofanoperatorinrelationtohismentalimageofarateof100.
▪Referencerate:
Thereferencerateisknownas“Rate100”.
Thisistheworkingratewhichanyaverageoperator,capable,trainedandqualifiedtooccupythepost,canmaintainconstantlythroughouthisworkingtimeatthepost(generallyan8hourshift),withoutdamaginghishealth.
Thisrateiscalibratedonthepre-determinedtimestandards(M.T.M.).
▪Technologicaltimes(Tt):
Theseareelementsthedurationofwhichdependsonlyontechnologicalconstraintsindependentoftheoperator.Theoperatorcanonlyrespecttheseconstraintsorsufferthem.
▪Manualorhumantimes(Tm):
Theseareelementsthedurationofwhichdependsonlyontheoperator’saction.Thisoperationmaybeperformedusinganinertmeans.
▪Techno-manualortechno-humantimes(Ttm):
Theseareelementsofintermediatenature,i.e.thedurationofwhichdependsbothontheoperator’sactionandontechnologicalconstraintswhicharecombinedwithit.
▪Linkedirregular(UnavoidableAnomaly):
Thisisaneventwitharandomfrequencyofoccurrence,linkeddirectlytoaworkelementplannedinthemethodofwork(manualortechno-manual).
Theirregularhasadirectimpactonthedurationoftheworkelement(e.g.slippageoftherollerwhenjoiningalaizeonafinishingpost,re-openingofabandagebeadonabefore-cureverificationpostfollowingitsunexpectedclosure).
INSTRUCTION
Precondition:
Ø
Thedeterminationofworkelementtimesmustbedoneonanoptimisedmethodofwork,thatis,withinthecontextofapoststudyaftertheanalysisandcritiquestages.
Theunitoftimeusedforthedeterminationofworkelementsis:
▪TheCmn(hundredthofaminute)fortime-study.
▪TheTMU(timemeasurementunit)forthepredeterminedtimemethods(M.O.S.T.orM.T.M.).
1TMU=1/100,000thofanhour.
UnittimesareexpressedinCmn(Hundredthsofaminute).
Thedifferentmethodsoftimedetermination(TmandTtm):
Twomethodscanbeusedfordeterminingtimes:
1.Predeterminedtimemethods,M.T.M.orM.O.S.T.
2.Time-study.
Choiceofmethod:
Seeflowchartbelow.
M.O.S.T
M.O.S.T.
MaynardOperationsSequenceTechnique
M.O.S.T.isatechniquefortheanalysisandmeasurementofwork,basedonasystemofsequencesofpredeterminedmovements.
Exampleofsequence(BasicMOST):
A6B6G1A1B0P3A0=17*10=170TMU
-TherearedifferentversionsofMOSTinusewithinthecompany(MiniorBasic)whichwillbeemployedaccordingtoanumberofcriteriarepresentedintheflowchartbelow:
Precision:
M.O.S.T.guaranteesalevelofprecisionof±
5%
and95%confidenceforunittimes.
InterestofMOST:
Speedofestablishmentofelementarytimes:
▪BasicMOSTis40timesquickerthanMTM1,
▪MiniMOSTis14timesquickerthanMTM1,
▪MiniandBasicMOSTare2.5timesquickerthanTime-study.
MOSTisveryefficientinoptimisationphases(analysisandcritiquemadeeasier).
MOSTfavoursuniformityoftheresultsobtained.
MOSTiseasytoexplainandunderstand(commonlanguageforoperators,supervisorsandorganisers).
Thismethodenablestheoperatorstobemoreinvolvedintheimprovementoftheirmethodsofwork.
Thetablesofpredeterminedtimescorrespondtoarateof100.Thereisnoneedforrating.
Possibilityofestimatingtimesinadvance(simulation).
Easierintheupdatingphases.
Lesslaborioustechniquethantime-studyandmorerewardingfororganisers.
Lessrestrictingforoperators.
Disadvantage:
MoredifficulttoidentifyandputavalueonirregularscomparedwithTime-study.
Potentially,lessorganiserpresenceontheground.
Time-study:
Implementationoftime-studyinvolvesbreakingdownthemethodofworkintoworkelements.
Regularcycle
Phase
WorkElement
▪WorkElement(E.d.T.):
Thisisaportionofworkdemarcatedbytwomeasurementreferencesandconsistingofanorderedsequenceofdefinedactionsofahomogeneousnature.
Thisisthesmallestportionofworkweanalyse.
▪Phase
Thisisadefinedsetofworkelements.
N.B.–Thebreakdownintophasesisoptional;
itdependsonthecycleduration.
▪Regularcycle:
Thisisasetofphases,andconsequentlyworkelements,whichrecurinadeterminedorderwheneachProductionUnit(U.P.)orUnitofWorkisbeingexecuted.
Minimumprecisionrequired:
Thetime-studymethodproposedwasdevelopedbythePE3/ETdepartment(M.SergeLAROUX).ThedocumentdescribingthestatisticalmethodcanbeobtainedfromtheO&
Pschool.
Case1:
E.d.T.withafrequencyof1perUnitofProductionatthepost.
Theseelementswillenableustodefinethedurationoftheminimumperiodofthesimogram.
Example:
joinalaizetoproducearoll.
Seeflowchartbelow:
ThetimeadoptediscalledtheelementarytimeorET.
Thenormalitytestandtheprecisioncalculationtakeplaceusingtheformreferredtoattheendofthedocument.
▪Case2:
E.d.T.withafrequencyof<
1perUnitofProductionatthepost.
Theseelementswillenableustodefinethedurationofthemaximumperiodofthesimogram.
evacuationofapalletofrollsfromacutter.
▪Case3:
ActivitiesoutsideProductionUnit(e.g.startandendofshift,safetyinstructions).
Theprecisioncalculationisdoneusingtheformreferredtoattheendofthedocument.
Compliancewiththeproposedmethodguaranteesalevelofprecisionof±
ImplementationofthenormalitytestaccordingtotheSHAPIRO-WILKmethodinvolvestheinstallationoftheBUSapplicationunderExcel.YoumustsubmitarequesttoyourRULwhowillgiveyouinstallationrights.
Rating:
Validationcriterionforrating:
theorganisermustdemonstratethathehastheabilitytopractiserating.Heisqualifiedinthispracticewhenheisconsideredstableonthecriteriaof“Meandeviation”(toleranceof±
3%)and“Standarddeviation”(tolerance=5.5).Thisstabilisationismonitoredusingtheformreferredtoattheendofthedocument.
Afterstabilisation,hemustcarryoutaminimumof6exercisesof15sequencesperquarter,i.e.24exercisesayear.
MaintainedqualificationinratingisoneoftheessentialsoftheMé
tierGuaranteeandistheresponsibilityoftheROPsinthesites.
Technologicaltimes:
Thedeterminationoftechnologicaltimesisbasedon:
Measuredtimes,analysedusingtheform(identicaltotheoneusedfortime-study)referredtoattheendofthedocumentandinaccordancewiththeprecisionrulesexplainedinthe“Time-study”section.
Timescalculatedbyatechnicalormethodsgroup(forexample,ofthespeedtypeinpreparationordependentonadvanceandspeedformachiningtime).
Timescomingfromcontrolsystemswhichwillbeanalysedmanuallysoastoidentifytheunforeseenelements.
Technologicaltimesmustbestandardisedandmaintainedlong-terminallcases.ThisresponsibilitylieswiththeOrganiser.
LinkedIrregulartimes(UnavoidableAnomalies):
ThedeterminationofLinkedIrregulartimesisbasedon:
MOSTanalysisifthenatureoftheanomalypermits(e.g.eliminatedefectsfromalaize).
Timesmeasuredwhentakingtimereadings.
Thefrequencyofoccurrenceoftheanomaly,determinedfromthedatacollectedduringthetime-studysessionorbycontinuousobservation.
Theunittimesheet:
Itmustbetotallyconsistentwiththechronologyofoperationscomingfromthesimogram.
Itisanessentialcomponentofthestudydossier.
Itisthebasedocumentformeasuringtheactivityofpeopleandmachineloads.
Itmustshow:
Identificationoftheproductionworkshop.
Identificationoftheworkpost
Identificationoftheorganiser.
Identificationoftheproductionunit.
Pagenumberinganddateofexecution.
Simogramreferences.
Num
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