英语医学论文摘要写作IWord文档下载推荐.docx
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英语医学论文摘要写作IWord文档下载推荐.docx
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Theresearchproblemandthehypothesis.
Theexperimentaldesignandmethods,describedinenoughdetailsothatthereaderwillunderstandhowtheexperimentsweredone.
Theresultswithquantitativedata,supportedbystatisticalanalysis.Theabstractshouldbeabletostandaloneasastatementoftheresearch.
Themostimportantconclusionsofthestudy.
Thenumberofwordsallowedisusuallylimitedto250—300wordsintotal.Example:
TheJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation,JAMA<
135words;
AmericanJournalofmedicalSciences,AJMS<
200words;
China:
Chinese200-300
URMSMJ:
non-structured:
<
150words;
structured:
250.
Generally:
about200words
Theabstractisusuallywritteninthepasttense.
Unlikeothersectionsofthepaper,theabstractdoesnotusuallyincludereferencestotheliterature.
Theabstractshouldnotcontainanyabbreviationssincetheymakereadingdifficult.
Spellingerrorsortypographicalmistakesarealsoseriousproblemssincetheymakereadersthinkthattheworkhasnotbeencarefullydone.
II.ClassificationofAbstracts(摘要的分类)
Format:
Non-structuredAbstract(非结构式)
StructuredAbstract(结构式)
Character:
Indicativeabstract(通报性或指示性摘要)
Informativeabstract(报道性或资料性摘要)(结构式和非结构式)
Informative-indicativeabstract(资料/指示性摘要)
StructuredAbstracts(结构式摘要)
CriticalAbstracts(评论性摘要):
commentonsomeresearch,methodorconclusion.
Non-structuredAbstract(非结构式):
指示性摘要:
Indicativeabstract(亦称通报性、描述性或说明性摘要)
只通报论文主题,不介绍研究的材料、方法、数据和结果等具体内容,有的甚至只有1-2个句子。
研究简报、专题讨论、技术方法及医学文献综述等摘要多为指示性。
100字左右。
一般用现在时表述。
许多专业杂志在其目录页的标题下都有一个指示性摘要,特别是编者认为较重要的一些文章标题后。
如:
Freetransferoftwoundamagedfingersfromanon-replantableleftarmtoamutilatedrighthandina16-month-oldboyisreported.(本文报道将一无法再植的左臂上的两个未受损伤的手指移植给一16岁男孩被切断的右手。
)
PrimaryLymphomasoftheGastrointestinalTract
Aninstitutionalexperiencewithprimarygastrointestinallymphoma(PGL)isreviewed.Theclinical,pathologic,andtherapeuticaspectsofPGLarediscussed.
资料性摘要:
Informativeabstract(亦称报道性摘要)
告诉读者研究的总体情况,使他们了解研究的目的、材料、方法、结果、结论以及存在的问题或对未来的展望。
学术性期刊或论文集多选用资料性摘要,子数300左右。
研究过程、结果及结论是叙述的内容。
Example:
MalignantHypertensionandCigaretteSmoking
Thesmokinghabitof48patientswithmalignanthypertensionwascomparedwiththatof92consecutivepatientswithnon-malignanthypertension.Thirty-threeofthepatientswithmalignantand34ofthepatientswithnon-malignanthypertensionweresmokerwhenfirstdiagnosed.Thisdifferencewassignificant,andremainedsowhenonlymenorblackandwhitepatientswereconsideredseparately.Resultssuggestthatmalignanthypertensionisyetanotherdiseaserelatedtocigarettesmoking.
资料/指示性摘要
兼顾两种摘要的写法,即以资料性文摘的形式表达论文中信息价值较高的内容,而以指示性摘要的形式略述其余部分。
字数200词左右。
MalignantLymphomaAssociatedwithMarkedEosinophilia
A60-year-oldblackmanwithpoorlydifferentiatedlymphocyticlymphomapresentedwithgeneralizedlymphadenopathyandmarkedeosinophilia.Extensiveevaluationoftheeosinophilsrevealedthemtobenormalmorphologicallyandfunctionally.Thepatientrespondedtocorticosteroidtherapywithresolutionofthelymphadenopathyandreversionoftheperipheralbloodcountstonormallimits.Recurrenceoftheoriginalclinicalpicturewithinmonthsprompted
institutionofsystemicchemotherapy.Responsewastransient,andthepatientexpiredafteranunremittingdownhillcourse.Recentadvancesinourknowledgeofmechanismsofeosinophiliaandeosinophiliafunctionarereviewed.Therelationshipoflymphomatoeosinophiliaisdiscussed.
Parenteralnutrition-inducedgallbladderdisease:
Areasonforearlycholecystectomy
Patientswhoreceivelong-termparenteral(不经胃肠的)nutritionhaveanincreasedincidenceofbothcalculousandacalculouscholecystitis.【研究背景-用现在时表述】InanattempttoestablishguidelinesforclinicalmanagementofpatientswithTPN-inducedgallbladderdisease,wehavereviewedtherecordsof35patientswhohaveundergonecholecytectomyforthisproblemsince1976attheUCLAMedicalCenter.【目的-用过去时或现在时表述】Themeanageofthe23adultsand12childrenwhohadcholecystectomywas29.1years.Fortypercentofthesepatientsrequiredemergencycholecystecotmy.【材料和方法-过去时表述】Theoveralloperativemorbiditywas54percent,andthehospitalmortalitywas11percent.Significantfactorscontributingtothishighrateofcomplicationsincludedadelayindiagnosis,especiallyintheyoungchildren,andincreasedoperativedifficultyduetoextensiveadhesionsandintraoperativehemorrhage.【结果-过去时表述】Ouranalysissuggeststhatpatientsreceivinglong-termTPNshouldhaveaprogramofultrasoundsurveillanceforgallbladderformation,electivecholecystectomywhenstonesfirstappear,andconsiderationofcholecystectomyatthetimeoflaparotomyperformedforotherreasons.【结论-时态视具体情况】WhetherTPN-inducedgallstonescanbepreventedthroughdailystimulatedgallbladderemptyingawaitsresultsoffuturestudies.【前瞻性说明-现在时或将来时表述】
上述3种摘要是传统型摘要(TraditionalAbstract)或非结构式摘要(Non-structuredAbstract)。
其缺点是段落不明,没有按层次列出具体项目名称,给阅读、审稿、二次文献编制索引以及计算机处理等带来不便。
StructuredAbstracts(结构式摘要)
结构式摘要在形式上按一定的格式列出项目名称,逐项叙述。
常见的格式有两种:
半结构式摘要和全结构式摘要。
半结构式摘要(Semi-structuredAbstracts)
1.根据国际医学杂志编辑委员会(TheInternationalcommitteeofMedicalJournalEditors,ICMJE)制定的《生物医学期刊投稿统一要求》(TheUniformRequirementsforManuscriptsSubmittedtoBiomedicalJournals,5thEd.,1997)(VancouverSystem)规定,采用OMRAC或AMRAC格式,即四要素或四层次结构式摘要,有人称其为半结构式摘要(Semi-structuredAbstracts).结构式摘要不超过250词。
其内容包括:
2)Purposeofresearch(目的)
3)Methodology(方法)/Materials(材料)
5)Results(结果)
6)Conclusions(结论)
Example1
Purpose:
Autopsystudieshaveshownthatpregnancyresultsinphysiologicpituitary(垂体的)enlargement.Weusedmagneticresonanceimaging(MRI)tocorroboratethesefindingsinvivo.
PatientsandMethods:
Basedongestationalage,32normalprimigravid(初产的)patientsweredividedintothreegroups:
GroupI(n=11),lessthan12gestationalweeks;
GroupII(n=10),13to26gestationalweeks,andGroupII(n=11),27gestationalweeksormore.Thepituitarydimensionsandvolumesinthesegroupswerecomparedwiththosein20healthynulliparous(未经产的)women(controlgroup).
Results:
MRImeasurementsshowedasignificantincreaseinpituitaryvolumeinGroupI,IIandIIIwhencomparedwiththecontrolgroup(p<
0.001).Furthermore,therewasanincreaseinpituitaryvolumebetweenGroupIandIIandbetweenGroupIIandIII,althoughtheformerwasnotstatisticallysignificant(p>
0.05).Attheendofpregnancy,thehypothysishadincreased2.6mm
invertical,anteroposterior,andtransversedimensions,withoverallincreaseof136percentwhencomparedwiththatofthecontrolgroup.
Conclusion:
Baselinemeasurementofthenormalenlargementofthepituitaryglandthatoccursduringpregnancycouldproveusefulwhenevaluatingpregnantpatientswithsuspectedpituitarytumorsorlymphocytichypothysitis.
Example2
Objective:
ToevaluatetheincidenceoffactorVLeidenandprothrombingeneG20310Amutationinpatientswithvenousthrombosisandhealthyvolunteers.Methods:
FactorVLeidenandprothrombingeneG20210Amutationwereanalyzedin97casesofvenousthrombosisand100healthyvolunteerswiththemethodsofone-stepPCR-RFLP.Results:
PCRproductsforthefactorVgene(175Bp)andfortheprothrombingene(118bp)wereidentifiedto157bpand98bpfragmentsbyelectrophoresesafterTaqItreatment.NofactorVLeidenandprothrombingeneG20210Amutationwerefoundineachgroup.Conclusion:
ThelowincidenceoffactorVLeidenandprothrombingeneG2010AmutationsuggestthattheyarenotthemajorgeneticriskfactorsforthrombophiliaintheChinese.
全结构式(full-structured)摘要:
1974年4月,加拿大McMaster大学医学中心的DrRBrianHaynes首先提出建立临床研究论文的结构式摘要。
在DrEdwardJHuth创导下,美国《内科学记事》(AnnualsofInternalMedicine)在国际上率先采用了全结构式(full-structured)摘要。
它不是一段,而是由一系列很短的段落组成,每一段有一个小标题开头。
国外的一些杂志如:
《英国医学杂志》(BritishMedicalJournal,BMJ)、《美国医学协会杂志》(TheJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation,JAMA)等要求采用这种形式。
Haynes所提出的全结构式摘要包含9个要素:
1.背景(Context/Background)
2.目的(Objective):
说明论文要解决的问题
3.设计(Design):
说明研究的基本设计,包括的研究性质
4.地点(Setting):
说明进行研究的地点和研究机构的等级
5.对象(Patients,participantsorsubjects):
说明参加并完成研究的病人或受试者的性质、数量及挑选方法
6.处理(Interventions):
说明确切的治疗或处理方法
7.主要测定项目(Mainoutcomemeasures):
说明为评定研究结果而进行的主要测定项目
8.结果(Results):
说明主要客观结果
9.结论(Conclusion):
说明主要结论,包括直接临床应用意义
有时根据情况删除1-2项,或将其中数项合并,但目的、结果和结论部分是重点内容。
Objectives:
Todeterminewheth
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