6种从句的区别Word文件下载.docx
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Wang
works.
强调句与定语从句的区别
【原题复现】27.It
was
from
only
few
supplies
that
she
had
bought
in
village_____the
hostess
cooked
such
nice
dinner.
A.
where
B.that
C.when
D.
which
【语法补漏】
强调句与定语从句的区别是:
在定语从句中一般使用关系代词that,
which,who,
whom或关系副词when,
where,why等,先行词(中心词)一般是名词或名词短语,而在强调句中,可以用副词、介词短语或从句来作被强调的内容。
;
而在强调句中则主要使用that,who;
有时强调句在形式上和定语从句、状语从句很相似。
我们除了从意思上进行区分外,还能根据强调句的结构特点来进行判断,如能去掉It
was...that...后,句子仍然通顺,就是强调句。
这一点很重要.
试比较:
question
needs
careful
consideration.
novels
Miss
Williams
enjoys
reading.
简析:
句①是含有定语从句的句子,在此It是指示代词,It
question是个"
主语+系动词+表语"
结构,如果去掉It
is...that,句子结构就不完整了。
句②是强调句,在此It是个引导词,没有具体含义,如果去掉It
is...that,把语序稍加调整,句子结构仍然是完整的。
区分定语从句与强调句
区分定语从句和强调句可用还原法,因为强调句的基本句式为
It
(was)+被强调部分+that+句子的其余部分,因此只需将it
is(was)
后面的部分还原到原来的句子中,如果成份完整,则为强调句,如果成份不完整则为定语从句。
1)
this
street
_______I
happened
to
meet
him.
A.that
B.where
C.which
D.from
首先,我们看到主句部分为
it
is…结构,可能是定语从句可能是强调句,利用还原法,将两部分分别还原,得出1.I
him
street.
2.I
1句子成份不完整,为定语从句,用where;
2句子成份完整为强调句,选that。
2)
Where
did
you
him?
cinema_______
door
faces
west.
[
]
C.whose
D.which
仍然采取还原法,得出1.I
cinema.
2.Door
west
1句子成份完整,确定为强调句,用that选A;
2明显不是一个意思表达清楚的句子,其实本句是一个省略句,全句为:
cinema
_______door
强调句部分已经省略,而句中door
是一个定语从句,表示门朝西开的电影院,因此选C,whose
在做题中我们经常可以看见带有定语从句的强调句,这时仍可用还原法加以辨别:
(1)
Was
_______Smith
_______you
saw
film?
A.that,
B.whom,
then
C.where,
D.which,
(2)
found
XingMing?
office
_______he
worked.
A.this
B.which
C.where
D./
【高考题互动】
01、(08全国卷II’
20)
New
Zealand
Elizabeth
first
Mr.
Smith.
B.
how
C.
when
02、
08)It
along
Mississippi
River
_______
Mark
Twain
spent
much
his
childhood.
定语从句与强调句的主要区别在于:
强调句的结构为“It
is/was+被强调部分+that+从句”。
被强调部分可以是除谓语以外的任何成分,当被强调部分是人时,还可用who代替that。
这一句型中,一定不能因为被强调部分是表时间或地点的词就用when或where代替
that。
三、定语从句与结果状语从句
2I
have
same
computer
have.
②She
kind
and
funny
girl
all
us
like
make
friends
with
her.
定语从句与结果状语从句的主要区别在于(这里只讨论the
same...as/that和such...as/that两种情况):
在这两种情况下,如果as/that既引导从句,同时又在从句中充当一定的成分,则as/that引导的是定语从句。
在the
same...as/that结构中,用as指一样的,但不是同一个事物;
用that指同一物品,
五、定语从句与习惯句型
1.用一个恰当的词完成下列句子。
time
been
Shanghai.
____
Chinese
people
hard
life.
六、定语从句与单句
①The
mother
told
lazy
boy
work,_____
didn'
help.
②The
work._____
help.
名词性从句的考点剖析
一.在句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句,它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句
二.如何判断为名词性从句
1.充当主语的从句为主语从句。
2.用于及物动词或介词或某些形容词如:
afraid,
glad,
sure,
pleased等后为宾语从句。
3.用于系动词后为表语从句。
系动词有:
①be动词;
②意为“…起来”的动词,如look,
sound,
taste,
smell…
③意为“变成”“成为”的动词,如turn,
become,
get,
go…等;
④半系动词fall,
seem,
appear,
prove,
come,
keep,
stay,
remain等。
4.用于某些抽象名词后,解释并补充前面名词的内容的从句,被叫做同位语从句。
同位语从句通常用that引导。
但当抽象名词为question,
problem时,要用疑问词引导。
这些抽象名词为news,
word(消息),truth,
fact,
information,
story,
thought,
wish,
hope,
desire,
idea,
order,
suggestion,
advice,
proposal,
promise,
word(诺言),theory,
opinion,
viewpoint,
conclusion,
question,
problem…
三.
高考常考考点
1.
名词性从句中,若缺少主语或宾语或表语,则用what_____really
interested
Mary
dancing.
(作主语)
This
is_____we
should
learn
Comrade
Lei
Feng.
(作宾语)
Our
school
no
longer______it
used
be.
(作表语)
2.
名词性从句中,若不缺成分,不缺意义,则用that.
that引导主语、表语、同位语从句时,虽不作成分,无意义,但不可省略。
_____he
came
here
made
me
very
happy.
believe______he
determined
person.
My
suggestion
is______he
be
sent
hospital.
He
expressed
thought_____he
doesn’t
agree
project.
2.that
引导宾语从句时,第一个that
可以省,但从第二个that
开始不能省.
said_____the
exhibition
excellent
he
wanted
visit
once
more.
4.
if
与whether
的不同(当“是否”讲时)
①Whether可引导主语,表语,同位语从句,但是if
不能。
②引导宾语从句时以下情况只用whether:
引导介词后面的宾语从句
(2)与不定式连用
(3)与or
紧密连用
5.
通常情况下,介词后的宾语从句不用that
引导,但in
=
because
“因为”;
except
+句子=
for
+n.
都表示对前面的整体做相反的部分的补充或修正。
6.
所有的从句都使用陈述语序。
Could
tell
what’s
matter
7.
whoever,
whatever,
whichever
引导名词性从句(也可引导让步状从,表泛指)。
whoever=anyone
who定语从句;
whatever=anything
that定语从句;
“任何一个”
You
must
never
give
your
child_______he
or
wants.
______leaves
classroom
last
turn
off
lights.
______team
will
win
game
Saturday
can
get
through
national
championship.
8.
区分whoever与who引导的名词性从句
_____breaks
law
punished.
(指人)
_______breaks
unknown.
(指事)
9.
当it出现充当形式主语或形式宾语时,后常用to
do不定式或that从句来充当真主语或真宾语。
但
useless/no
use/no
good
doing
sth.
做……是没有用的/没有意义的。
would
appreciate
you……如果你……我会非常感激的。
③I
hate/dislike/like/love
when……我讨厌/喜欢……的那个时候。
如:
hate
______people
speak
their
mouth
full.
④I
can’t
help
if条件状语从句
如果……我也没办法。
10.
无论几个疑问词引导一个从句或与一个不定式连用作主语,用单数谓语动词。
When
we’ll
go
out
picnic
hasnt
decided.
Beijing
11.
当Ving或to
do及短语或从句作主语时用单数谓语动词,但what从句要具体看。
What
we
need______water.
need_____books.
12.疑问词+插入语+其它陈述语序
插入语通常为:
do
think/believe/suppose/guess/suggest……
Who
guess
blame?
suppose
Mary?
13.
who与
whom
who在句子中可作主语或宾语或表语;
而whom在句子中只作宾语。
14.两个连词碰在一起时,要分清各自的作用。
wonder
whether
what
said
practical.
(whether引导宾语从句到最后;
而what引导主语从句到said.)
15.
doubt或
wonder所在的句子为肯定句时,后常用if/whether引导宾语从句;
若所在的句子为否定句或疑问句时,后则用that引导宾语从句。
16.What
名词性从句=all
定语从句
(=all
that)
right.
17.
问distance,
population,
price,
nationality,
height,
size,
width,
length,
address等用
what.
What'
s
population
china?
address?
18.
名词性从句中的虚拟语气:
此处省略,请参阅虚拟语气
19.常考的句型:
reason
why…is
that…“…的原因是因为…”
The
reason_____he
late
was_____he
ill.
②A
B
C
“A对B
的重要性好比C对D的重要性。
”
Water
fish______air
human
beings.
Engine
machine______heart
③My
hometown
longer
_____it
④This
disagree.
/
That
Lu
Xun
lived.
/
key
solving
problem
lies.
⑤
_______disappointed
most
was______he
failed
college
entrance
exam.
excited
won
speech
contest.
_____matters
learning
English
practice.
⑥
There
no/much
chance/possibility
同位语从句。
take
granted
+that真正宾语从句。
类似句型还有:
see
that/count
that/make
clear
that/
answer
find/think
+形容词+to
do不定式
point
need
doubt
that从句。
(that)
⑦It
known
……
As
known,
that……
⑧It
certain
uncertain
⑨sb./sth.is
said/considered/thought/reported/believed
done
⑩The
output
year
five
times
before
liberation.
四.
解题步骤:
1
翻译句子。
2
判断出所填的连词引导的是名词性从句。
3
分析设空所在句子的成分,若少主,宾,表则用what;
若不缺成分和意义,则用that;
否则据意义选择。
4
注意所有的从句用陈述语序。
巩固练习
/who
whose
as
why
1.That
bank
opened
week
modern
one.
2.An
architect
person
designs
houses
buildings.
1.The
island,
river,
being
developed
scenic
spot.
2.My
son,
surgeon,
now
Sweden
visiting
scholar.
3.The
man
shook
hands
just
head
our
department.
4.The
room
family
live
garage.
book
referred
talk.
2.He
teacher
high
respect
for.
1.
best
film
ever
made.
place
visited
Great
Wall.
furniture
bed
small
desk.
3.
want
say.
Is
anything
you?
They
talked
about
persons
things
they
remembered
school.
any
refer
to?
standing
gate?
Which
borrow?
hero
left
leg
lost
war
looked
after.
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