宾从新讲法Word文件下载.docx
- 文档编号:18122780
- 上传时间:2022-12-13
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:29
- 大小:46.39KB
宾从新讲法Word文件下载.docx
《宾从新讲法Word文件下载.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《宾从新讲法Word文件下载.docx(29页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
Weknew(that)weshouldlearnfromeachother.
B.由if/whether引导的宾语从句
当一般疑问句充当宾语从句时,引导词用if/whether;
if/whether意思是“是否”,在句中不可省略。
Pleasetellmeif/whetheryouhavebeentoAmerica.
C.由wh-/how引导的宾语从句
当由who,what,which,whose,when,where,why,how等连接代词或连接副词引导宾语从句时,可看成是由特殊疑问句充当宾语从句,引导词就是特殊疑问词,且不可以省略。
CanyoutellmehowIcangettothenearestpostoffice?
(2)三关:
宾从的三大考点
A.引导词关
如果从句是陈述句,引导词用that(that在口语或非正式文体中常省略),无意义;
如果从句是一般疑问句,引导词用if/whether,“是否”,不可省;
如果从句是特殊疑问句,引导词就是特殊疑问词或用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词/副词。
B.语序关(陈述语序)
①当陈述句变为宾语从句时,语序不变,即仍用陈述语序。
Heisanhonestboy.Theteachersaid.→Theteachersaid(that)hewasanhonestboy.
②当一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时,语序要变为陈述语序。
Doesheworkhard?
Iwonder.→Iwonderif/whetherheworkshard.
Whendidheleave?
Idon’tknow.→Idon’tknowwhenheleft.
C.时态关
①如果主句是现在的时态,从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。
Ihaveheard(that)hewillcomebacknextweek.
②如果主句是过去的某种时态,那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。
Hesaid(that)therewerenoclassesyesterday.
注意:
如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时,不管主句是什么时态,从句都要用一般现在时。
Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.
Couldyoutellme…?
是用来征询对方的意见,语气委婉,并不表示过去。
CouldyoutellmewhenwewillvisittheHistoryMuseum?
(三)变间接引语(宾语从句)时的人称变化和时态变化
1.从句的主语如果是第一人称,变为间接引语(宾语从句)则与主句的主语一致;
如果从句是第二人称,则与主句的宾语一致;
如果是第三人称,不用变化;
间接引语时态的变化规则跟宾语从句的时态变化是一样的。
“MayIuseyourknife?
”Heaskedme.→Heaskedmeifhemightusemyknife.
“Doyouknowhertelephonenumber?
”Heaskedme.HeaskedmeifIknewhertelephonenumber.
“Doeshestudyhardatschool?
”Mymotheraskedme.→Mymotheraskedmeif/whetherhestudiedhardatschool.
2.宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。
主句是陈述句,用句号;
主句是疑问句,用问号。
Whowillgiveusatalk?
Idon’tknow.→Idon’tknowwhowillgiveusatalk.
Doyouknow?
Wheredoeshelive?
→Doyouknowwherehelives?
(四)两副面孔:
宾语从句还是状语从句
if和when既能引导状语从句,又能引导宾语从句。
因此,遇到它们就要认真分析一下,它们究竟属于“两副面孔”的哪一副。
Ifitrainstomorrow,Iwon’tcome.(条件状语从句)
Idon’tknowifitwillraintomorrow.(宾语从句)
(五)宾语从句的简化
1.当主句谓语动词是find,see,watch,hear等感官动词时,从句常简化为“宾语+宾补”结构,宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。
Shesawthatthewalletlay/waslyingontheground.→Shesawthewalletlie/lyingontheground.
2.当主句谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,forget,plan,agree等,且主句主语与从句主语相同时,从句可简化为不定式结构。
Sheagreedthatshecouldhelpmewithmymaths.→Sheagreedtohelpmewithmymaths.
3.在由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句中,当从句主语与主句宾语一致时,宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。
CanyoutellmehowIcangettothestation?
→Canyoutellmehowtogettothestation?
(六)whether和if的区别
一般情况下,whether和if可以互用,但有些情况例外。
1.当从句做介词的宾语时,只用whether而不用if
Eg:
Wearetalkingaboutwhetherwe'
llgoonthepicnic.
2.当引导词直接与ornot连用时,只用whether,而不用if
Eg:
Couldyoutellmewhetherornotyougo?
当引导词没有直接与ornot连用时,用whether或if都可以
Couldyoutellmewhether/ifyougoornot?
3.当引导词后面接否定式时,只用whether,而不用if
Iaskwhetherhecan’tdothat.
4.if当“如果”讲时,引导的是条件状语从句,这时只能用if而不能用whether.
Youcan'
tworktheplanoutifyoudon'
thavethemeeting.
5.当和不定式连用作主语时,只用whether而不用if引导
Whethertogothereornothasn’tbeendecided.
6.当引导表语从句时,只用whether而不用if引导
Thequestioniswhetherhecandoit.
(七)宾语从句的否定转移
当主句中think,believe,suppose,expect等动词前面的主语是第一人称时,那么后面的宾语从句不能用否定形式;
如有否定,常将从句的否定转移到主句中去,即:
否定转移.
Idon’tthinksheisateacher.
Wedon’tbelievethathewillcometomorrow.
在以下情况中,否定词不转移(不前置)
1.主句的主语不是I或we时,否定词可以不转移.
Eg:
Theythinkyouaren’tateacher.
2.主句是疑问句时,否定词不转移.
Doyouthinkhewon’tcometomorrow?
3.从句中含有no,never,hardly,nobody,nothing,little,few和notalittle,notafew,not…atall,can’thelpdoing等词和词组时,否定词不转移.
Ibelievethereisnothingwrongwiththecomputer.
Ithinkthatthegirlisnotalittleafraidofdogs.
4.在think,believe,suppose,expect等动前有副词修饰或有强调词do,does,did时,否定词不转移.
Ireallythinkyouaren’tagoodman.
Wedothinksheisn’tLucy’ssister.
(八)宾语从句的反义疑问句
当主句是“I(we)think/believe/suppose/expect+宾语从句或I(we)don’tthink/believe/suppose/expect+宾语从句”时,那么后面的反意疑问句则按照宾语从句来变化;
其余情况反意疑问句则按主句变化。
Isupposeheisserious,isn’the?
Idon’tthinkshelikesmusic,doesshe?
Amythinkssheisagoodstudent,doesn’tshe?
由what’swrongwithyou?
What’sthetrouble?
What’sthematter?
What’sinthebox?
Whichisthewayto…?
作宾从时,语序不变,因为他们本身就是陈述语序。
Iwanttoknowwhat’swrongwithyou.
Canyoutellmewhichisthewaytotheschool?
以上就是初中宾语从句的全部知识,请同学们做到知识全部吸收,在各种考试中,做到宾语从句的题一定不丢分。
宾语从句专项练习
一、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。
1.TheseflowersarefromGuangdong.Hesaid.
Hesaid_______theseflowers_______fromGuangdong.
2.Lighttravelsfasterthansound.Myteachertoldme.
Myteachertoldme_____light_______fasterthansound.
3.Therewillbeameetinginfivedays.Jackdidn’tknow.
Jackdidn’tknow_____there_________ameetinginfivedays.
4.CantheyspeakFrench?
Iwanttoknow.
Iwanttoknow___________________________French.
5.Arethechildrenplayinggames?
Tellme.
Tellme______thechildren____________games.
6.Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?
Mr.ZhaoaskedMaGang.
Mr.ZhaoaskedMaGang____________________homeworkyet.
7.Howmanypeoplecanyouseeinthepicture?
Whoknows?
Whoknows_______________________________inthepicture?
8.Wheredidsheparkhercar?
Doyouknow?
Doyouknow______________hercar?
9.Whatdoesheoftentalkabout?
Thegirlwondered.
Thegirlwondered__________often________about.
10.Whoknockedatthedoorsoloudly?
Idon’tknow.
Idon’tknow___________atthedoorsoloudly.
11.Doeshestillliveinthatstreet?
Idon'
tknow.
Idon'
tknow______hestill_______inthatstreet.
12.What'
shisname?
Iaskedhim.
Iaskedhimwhat_______________.
13.Whendoesthetrainarrive?
Pleasetellme.
Pleasetellme__________________________________.
14.Dotheywantfriedchicken?
Heaskedtheboys.
Heaskedtheboys_______they______friedchicken.
15.WasthewatchmadeinShanghai?
tknow.
tknow_______thewatch_______madeinShanghai.
二、选择填空。
()1.WhatdidMikesay?
Hesaid____________________.
A.ifyouarefreethenextweekB.whatcolourwasit
C.theweatherisfineD.summercomesafterspring
()2.Tomaskedmyfriend________________.
A.wherewashefromB.thattheearthisbiggerthanthemoon
C.whendidhecomebackD.nottobesoangry
()3.Letmetellyou__________________.
A.howmuchisthecarB.howmuchdoesthecarcost
C.howmuchdidIpayforthecarD.howmuchIspentonthecar
()4.Peterknew_______________.
A.whetherhehasfinishedreadingthebook
B.whytheboyhadsomanyquestions
C.therewere12monthsinayearD.whentheywillleaveforParis
()5.Couldyoutellme___________?
A.wheredoyoulive B.whoyouarewaitingfor
C.whowereyouwaitingfor
D.whereyoulivein
()6.Ican'
tunderstand______theboyalone.
A.whysheleft B.whydidsheleave
C.whyshehadleft D.whyhadsheleft
()7.Shetoldmethesun______intheeast.
A.rise B.rose C.rises D.hadrisen
()8.Idon'
tknow________upsoearlylastSunday.
A.whydidhegetB.whyhegetsC.whydoeshegetD.whyhegot
()9.Themanagercameuptosee__________.
A.whatwasthematter B.whatthematterwas
C.whatthematteris
D.what'
sthematter
()10.Heaskedhisfather_______.
A.whereithappens
B.wheredidithappen
C.howithappened
D.howdidithappen
()11.Noonetellsus______,soweneedyourhelp.
A.howweshoulddo
B.whatshouldwedo
C.howtodoit
D.whattodoit
()12.Couldyoupleaseteachme_______thecomputer.
A.howcheck
B.tocheck
C.howtocheck
D.tohowchecking
()13.Theydon'
tknow_______theirparentsare.
AthatBwhatCwhyDwhich
()14.─Wheredoyouthink______he_____theTVset?
─Sorry,I'
venoidea.
A./,bought
B.has,bought
C.did,buy
D.didbought
()15.Ourhomeworkhaschangedalot.Whocantell_____itwouldbelikein_____fiveyears.
A.how,another
B.what,more
C.how,other
D.what,another
()16.─Couldyoutellme______?
─Yes.He____totheUSA.
A.whereishe/hasbeen
B.whereheis/hasgone
C.wherewashe/hasbeen
D.wherehewas/hasgone
()17.─Mikewantstoknowif____apicnictomorrow.
─Yes.Butifit_______,we'
llvisitthemuseuminstead.
A.youhave/willrain
B.youwillhave/willrain
C.youwillhave/rains
D.willyouhave/rains
()18.Ireallydon'
tknowifshe_______itwhenshe________.
A.finds/arrives
B.finds/willarrive
C.willfind/willarrive
D.willfind/arrives
()19.MissLiusaid______shewouldleavethemessageontheheadmaster”sdesk.
A.thatB.whereC.whichD.what
()20.Heaskedme_______.
A.whowillkickthefirstgoalintheWorldCup
B.whenwastheAPECmeetingheld
C.whenChinabecameamemberoftheWTO
D.wherethe2008Olympicswillbeheld
()21.Inthebookshop,areaderaskedtheshopkeeper______WhoMovedMyCheesewasaninterestingbook.
A.thatB.howC.whatD.if
()22.Youmustremember_______.
A.whatyourteachersaidB.whatdidyourteachersay
C.yourteachersaidwhatD.whathasyourteachersaid
()23.Idon”tknow______.
A.whichroomIcanliveB.whichroomcanIlive
C.whichroomIcanliveinD.whichroomcanIlivein
()24.
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 宾从 讲法