新东方英语四级考试模拟冲刺卷 含答案Word格式文档下载.docx
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新东方英语四级考试模拟冲刺卷 含答案Word格式文档下载.docx
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Directions:
Forthispartyouareallowed30minutestowritealetterbasedontheoutlinebelow.Youshouldwriteatleast120words.Youliveinaroomincollegewhichyousharewithanotherstudent.Youfinditverydifficulttoworktherebecauseyourroommatealwayshasfriendsvisiting.WritealettertotheAccommodationOfficeratthecollege.
1)要求下学期换一个新房间。
2)解释原因。
3)要求单间。
答题卡
PartIIReading(skimmingandscanning)(15minutes)
Directions:
Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestion17,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),andD).Forquestions8—10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.
TheModernOlympicGames
TheModernOlympicGamesmighthaveremainedjustapartofhistorywithoutthedreamofoneFrenchman,PierredeCoubertin.Coubertinbelievedthatsportandexercisewereveryimportantforthehealthandhappinessofeverymanandalsoforthenation.Hethereforetried,in1892,tointerestotherFrenchmeninhisdreamofstartingamodernformoftheearlyGreekGames.Hisideaswerestronglycriticizedbymanypeople,whodidnotreallyunderstandwhathewastryingtodo.ItisperhapssadthatthegreatworkPierredeCoubertindidtobringbacktheGameswasneverproperlyrecognizedduringhislifetime.Gradually,however,peopleallovertheworldbecameinterestedinhisideasandatameetinginParisin1894,withrepresentativesfromtwelvedifferentcountries;
plansweremadetoholdthefirstmodernGamesinAthensin1899.
OrganizingthefirstmodernGames,however,wasnotwithoutproblems.TheGreekgovernmentwasunhappywiththedecisiontoholdtheGamesinAthens,astheyhadseriouseconomicproblemsatthetimeanddidnotfeeltheywereinapositiontospendthenecessarymoney.ItseemedthereforethattheGameswouldbefinishedbeforetheyhadevenbegun.PrinceConstantineofGreece,however,gavehissupporttoCoubertinandthenewly-formedOlympicCommitteeandotherrichGreekssoonfollowedhisexample.EnoughmoneywascollectedinGreeceandabroadtobuildanewstadiumandpayalltheothercosts.
On5thApril,1896,acrowdofover60000peoplewatchedtheKingofGreeceopenthefirstmodern
OlympicGames.Therewere,however,veryfewcompetitors-onlytwohundredandeighty-five.Australia,Austria,Britain,Bulgaria,Chile,Denmark,France,Germany,Hungary,Sweden,SwitzerlandandtheUSA,weretheonlycountriestosendathletestotheGamesandmostoftheathleteswhodidcomehadtopayfortheirowntravelandothercosts.Thereweretensportsinthefirstprogram-cycling,gymnastics,tennis,swimming,athletics,fencing,weight-lifting,rowing,wrestlingandshooting;
therewerealsoothernon-sportingevents,suchasconcertsandballet,justastherehadbeenattheearlyGames.
AtthefirstmodernOlympicsalmostallthegoldmedalswerewonbyAmericansportsmen,butthemostfamousofallthefirstmedalwinnerswasayoungGreeknamedSpyrosLouis,whocamefromasmallvillageinthemountainsnearAthens.Itwashewhowonthelonganddifficultrace,theMarathon,andgavetheGreeksthenationalwintheyhadhopedfor.
TheGreekswouldhavebeenhappytokeeptheGamesinGreecebutCoubertinbelievedstronglythattheOlympicsshouldbetrulyinternationalandwouldnotallowthistohappen.ItwasthereforedecidedtoholdthenextGamesinParisin1900.Sadly,however,theParisGamesandthefollowingGames,heldinSt.Louis,America,in1904,werepoorexamplesofCoubertin'
sdreamandCoubertinhimselfdidnoteventraveltotheSt.LouisGames.ForthesetwoGamesweremorelikecircusshowsthanseriousinternationalsportsmeetings.Onlyfifteennon-Americanswenttothe1904Games,mainlybecausethehightravelcostspreventedothersfromcompeting.Olympiceventsweremixedwithothersportsandevents,andtheGameswereorganizedtocontinueovermanymonths,sothatasmuchmoneyaspossiblecouldbemadebytheorganizersfromthesellingoftickets.
Itwasnotuntil1908,whentheGameswereheldinLondon,thatinternationalrulesanddistanceswereintroduced;
untilthentheeventshadbeenthedecisionoftheorganizingnationalone.TheLondonGameswerefarbetterorganizedthananyoftheothermodernGamesbutittookmanymoreyearsbeforeCoubertin'
sdreamofatrulyinternationalmeetingofsportsmenbecameareality.ItwasnecessarytomakemanychangesbeforetheOlympicGamesbecameaswell-organizedandaspopularastheyaretoday.
Since1896theGameshavebeenheldeveryfouryears,exceptforabreakduringtheyearsofthetwoWorldWars.GraduallythenumberofcompetitorswhotakepartineachGameshasgrownandsohasthenumberofcountries.In1896,onlythirteencountrieswererepresentedandonlytwohundredandeighty-fivecompetitorstookpart.Today,however,asmanyasonehundredandtwenty-twocountriessendathletestotheGamesandmorethanseventhousandmenandwomencometotheGamestotakepart.Inrecentyears,thenumberofeventshasgrowntotwenty-one,elevenofwhicharealsoopentowomen.
ItisinterestingthatCoubertin,whoseideaswereborninthelatenineteenthcentury,probablyneverimaginedthatwomenwouldeverplayapartinthenewOlympics.WomenhadnevercompetedintheearlyGreekGames;
indeed,formanyyearstheywerenotevenallowedtowatch.Inmoderntimes,theLondonGamesin1908werethefirstinwhichwomentookaseriouspart-36womencametotheGamestocompete.ThefirstwomantowinanOlympiceventwastheBritishTennisPlayer,CharlotteCooper,whowonatenniseventin1900.From1908,however,thenumberofeventsbegantogrowwiththeintroductionofladies’gymnastics.Athleticseventsforwomenwereintroducedin1928attheGamesheldinAmsterdam.Today,womenareashighly-trainedandasfitasmen.Althoughinalmosteverysportwomenandmencompeteseparately,inhorse-ridingeventstheycompeteagainsteachotherandwomenhaveshownovertheyearsthattheyarejustasgood.
TheInternationalOlympicCommittee,whosehomeisinLausanneinSwitzerland,isresponsibleforalltheimportantdecisionsoftheOlympicMovement.Themembersofthiscommitteearechosennotbytheirgovernmentsbutbymembersalreadyonthecommitteeandtheyarethereforeabovepoliticsorgroupinterests.MostofthemembersaresimplyrichmenwhowishtokeepCoubertin’sideasalive.Noteverycountryisrepresented,therefore,becausethiswouldmeanmorethan120membersandnodecisionswouldeverbemade.
However,eachcountrymustformaNationalOlympicCommitteebeforeitisallowedtosendcompetitorstothegamesandthiscommitteemustberecognizedbytheInternationalOlympicCommittee.Atpresent,morethan136countrieshaveformedsuchacommittee.TheNationalCommitteesareresponsiblefororganizingthenationalteamsandfordecidingwhichcompetitorstosend.CompetitorscannotchoosetogototheGames-theymustbechosenandthismeanscompetingagainsttheirowncountrymen.Itisnotevenenoughtobethebestinthecountry,foreachcompetitormustbeabletoreachthestandardexpectedforentrytotheGames.Thesestandardschangeeachyearassportsmenandsportswomenimprove.Somecountriesarenotabletosendallthecompetitorstheywouldliketo,eveniftheyhavereachedtheexpectedstandard,becauseofthecost.TheNationalCommitteemustthendecidewhethertosendthecompetitorswhohavethemostchanceofwinningorwhether,instead,tosendcompetitorstorepresenteachsporteventhoughsomeofthemhavelittlehopeofdoingwell.
Notonlythecompetitorsbutalsotheteammanagermustbepaidfor.Themanagerisanextremelyimportantmemberoftheteam;
heisresponsibleforthecompetitorswhiletheyareattheGamesandhisjobincludes,forexample,gettingthecompetitorstoeacheventontimeandhelpingwithmedicalorpersonalproblems.Mostcountriesaskthepeopleformoneytohelppayforthecostsoftravelandtraining.Alotofmoneyisgivenbybusinessesandcompanieswhoalsogive,forexample,clothes,shoesanduniforms.
ThecitywheretheGamesaretobeheldischosenbytheInternationalOlympicCommittee;
thisisusuallydecidedfiveyearsbeforetheGamesaretotakeplace.SeveralcitiesmaywishtoholdtheGamesinanyoneyearandtheCommitteedecidesonlyafterithaslistenedtoandseentheargumentsandplansofeachcity.Oncechosen,thecitythenhasfiveyearstoprepare.
1.CoubertinplannedtoholdthefirstmodernOlympicGamesin_________inAthens.
A.1894B.1896
C.1899D.1900
2.ThecompetitorsofthefirstOlympicGamescamefromallofthefollowingcountriesEXCEPT__________.
A.UKB.Hungary
C.SwitzerlandD.Norway
3.WhichofthefollowingwasNOTpartofthefirstOlympicGames?
A.concertsB.circus
C.fencingD.boxing
4.Accordingtothepassage,themostsuccessfulmodernOlympicGameswastheoneheldin_________
A.Athens,GreeceB.St.Louis,America
C.Paris,FranceD.London,UK
5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?
A.WomenwerenotallowedtoparticipateintheancientOlympics.
B.WomenwerenotallowedtowatchtheOlympicGamesinthepast.
C.WomenappearedintheAmsterdamOlympicGames.
D.Before1908therewerenowomenintheOlympicGames.
6.Womenandmenalwayscompeteseparatelyexceptin_______
A.tennisB.racing
C.swimmingD.horse-riding
7.WhatdowelearnabouttheInternationalOlympicCommittee(IOC)?
A.EverycountryhasitsrepresentativesinIOC.
B.
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